阅读说明：本技术 一种自动调节电流的无刷无换向器的小电机 (Small brushless commutator-free motor capable of automatically adjusting current ) 是由 梁法库 艾瑞波 梁帅 于 2020-10-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种自动调节电流的无刷无换向器的小电机,由转子、转子支架、电池盒、磁体和开关构成,转子由漆包线绕成多匝圆环状,所述漆包线的两端为全部剥掉漆包线包皮作为转子转轴,将绝缘包皮导线的一端去除绝缘包皮绕成螺线管作为转轴支撑管,绝缘包皮导线竖直固定在电池盒上作为转子支架,绝缘包皮导线的另一端通过开关连接在电池的两端；磁体固定在电池盒上,所述转子的转轴延长线不与转子的重心重合,转子的两端转子转轴在同一直线上,在转子的两端转子转轴放入转轴支撑管后转子的自然状态为转子的线圈平面在竖直平面内,磁体的N极或者S极靠近转子的线圈,实现一种自动调节电流的无刷无换向器小电机演示的技术与方法。(A small motor of a brushless commutatorless commutator for automatically adjusting current comprises a rotor, a rotor bracket, a battery box, a magnet and a switch, wherein the rotor is wound into a multi-turn ring shape by an enameled wire, the two ends of the enameled wire are used for peeling off the enameled wire as a rotor rotating shaft, one end of an insulated sheathed wire is removed and wound into a solenoid as a rotating shaft supporting tube, the insulated sheathed wire is vertically fixed on the battery box as the rotor bracket, and the other end of the insulated sheathed wire is connected with the two ends of the battery through the switch; the magnet is fixed on the battery box, the extension line of the rotating shaft of the rotor does not coincide with the gravity center of the rotor, the rotating shafts of the rotors at two ends of the rotor are on the same straight line, the natural state of the rotor is that the coil plane of the rotor is in a vertical plane after the rotating shafts of the rotors at two ends of the rotor are placed into the rotating shaft supporting tube, and the N pole or the S pole of the magnet is close to the coil of the rotor, so that the technology and the method for demonstrating the brushless commutatorless small motor capable of automatically adjusting the current are realized.)

1. The utility model provides a little motor of brushless no commutator of automatically regulated electric current, includes that rotor (1), rotor support (2), battery case (3), magnet (4) and switch constitute characterized by: the rotor (1) is wound into a multi-turn ring shape by an enameled wire, two ends of the enameled wire are used as rotor rotating shafts (1-1) after the enameled wire is completely peeled off, and two ends of the enameled wire are also used as inflow and outflow ends of current in the rotor (1); one end of an insulating coated wire is removed from the insulating coated wire and wound into a solenoid to be used as a rotating shaft supporting tube (2-1), the insulating coated wire is vertically fixed on a battery box (3) to be used as a rotor bracket (2), and the other end of the insulating coated wire is connected to a positive pole and a negative pole of the battery through a switch; the magnet (4) is fixed on the battery box (3), the extension line of the rotating shaft of the rotor (1) is not superposed with the gravity center of the rotor (1), the rotating shafts (1-1) of the rotors at the two ends of the rotor (1) are on the same straight line, the natural state of the rotor (1) is that the coil plane of the rotor (1) is in the vertical plane after the rotor rotating shafts (1-1) at the two ends of the rotor (1) are placed into the rotating shaft supporting tube (2-1), the N pole or the S pole of the magnet (4) is close to the coil of the rotor (1), and the inner diameter of the rotating shaft supporting tube (2-1) meets the following requirements: in the rotation process of the rotor (1), when the gravity center of the rotor (1) is right above the extension line of the rotor rotating shaft (1-1), the rotor rotating shaft (1-1) can not be in contact with the rotating shaft supporting tube (2-1), and the rotor rotating shaft (1-1) can also be in contact with the rotating shaft supporting tube (2-1).

Technical Field

The patent relates to a small motor of a brushless commutatorless device capable of automatically adjusting current, and belongs to the field of physical demonstration experimental instruments.

Background

The brush DC micro motor and the brushless motor are applied very much, the products such as model airplanes, toys, personal care, security protection and the like can use the brush brushless DC micro motor, the basic difference between the brush DC micro motor and the brushless motor is a brush and a brushless motor, the first introduction in scientific and technical works or physical teaching is the brush DC micro motor, the mechanical commutation adopted by the brush DC micro motor is that the magnetic pole is fixed, the coil rotates, when the micro motor operates, the coil and the commutator rotate, the magnetic steel and the brush do not rotate, and the current direction of the coil is completed by the commutator and the brush which are alternately changed and rotate along with the micro motor. At present, in physical teaching or scientific and technological creation, most of the models are simply made of enameled wires, so that the demonstration of the physical principle is visual and clear, and teachers tell students that a rotor rotating shaft led out from a ring-shaped coil wound by the enameled wires in a rotor needs to strip off paint (insulating paint) on one half side surface of the enameled wires (cylindrical), otherwise, a manufactured demonstration motor cannot rotate, which is a conclusion that the creativity of students is restricted, and therefore, can realize continuous directional rotation even when asking whether the side surfaces of the rotor rotating shaft are completely stripped off? On the basis of the above, the person skilled in the art often gives "being unable to rotate"; therefore, the patent provides a scheme that the rotor can realize continuous directional rotation, no visual and credible demonstration experiment is provided for the problem at present, and how to realize a demonstration experiment instrument and method which are rich in demonstration content, obvious in visual effect and credible needs to solve the problem. The method is completed under the support of national natural fund projects (project numbers are 11805107 and 11405092), basic business fee scientific research projects (project number is 135209251) of high schools belonging to provinces of Heilongjiang province, teaching improvement and application projects (project number is SJGY20170385) of high schools belonging to Heilongjiang province and scientific and technical projects (project number is GYGG-201423) of Qiqi Haler city.

Disclosure of Invention

The small motor of the brushless commutatorless commutator for solving the problems of classroom or class use is characterized in that the pressure of a rotor rotating shaft on a rotating shaft supporting tube is changed by inertial centrifugal force generated after the rotor rotates through the relationship of the rotor rotating shaft full naked (removing an insulating skin of a rotating shaft enameled wire), the mass center (gravity center) of the rotor and the extension line position of the rotor rotating shaft, and the small motor demonstration technology and method of the brushless commutatorless commutator for automatically adjusting current are realized.

This patent technical scheme: a small motor of a brushless commutatorless commutator for automatically adjusting current mainly comprises a rotor, a rotor bracket, a battery box, a magnet and a switch, and is characterized in that: the rotor is wound into a multi-turn ring shape by an enameled wire (a layer of insulating paint covers the periphery of a copper material lead), two ends of the enameled wire are used as a rotor rotating shaft after the enameled wire is completely stripped, and two ends of the enameled wire are also used as inflow and outflow ends of current in the rotor; removing the insulating coating at one end of the insulating coated wire and winding the insulating coated wire into a solenoid to serve as a rotating shaft supporting tube, wherein the insulating coated wire is vertically fixed on a battery box (insulating material) to serve as a rotor bracket, and the other end of the insulating coated wire is connected to a positive pole and a negative pole of the battery through a switch; the magnet is fixed on the battery case, the pivot (rotor shaft) extension line of rotor does not coincide with the focus of rotor, and the rotor shaft at rotor both ends is on same straight line, and the rotor shaft at rotor both ends puts into the coil plane of pivot stay tube back rotor in vertical plane, and the N utmost point or the S utmost point of magnet are close to the coil of rotor, and the internal diameter of pivot stay tube satisfies: in the process of rotor rotation, when the gravity center of the rotor is right above the extension line of the rotor rotating shaft, the rotor rotating shaft can not be in contact with (suspended in the air) the rotating shaft supporting tube, and the rotor rotating shaft can also be in contact with the rotating shaft supporting tube.

Briefly analyze, for directly perceived demonstration motor drive principle usually in the teaching, the rotor is twined round or several circles (the number of turns N, the area S of every circle coil) by the enameled wire and constitutes, and its quality is light, and power supply wire area of contact is little, and electric current I is little, and magnetic moment M is little, and for the discussion convenience, it is simplified that the rotor obtains the biggest magnetic moment for M in even strong magnetic field B equals ISNB.

In the prior document, half of the side surface of the rotor rotating shaft is stripped, namely, only half period (the normal direction of a coil plane of the rotor and the horizontal direction of a magnetic line act as a boundary line of the half period) of ampere moment acts as positive work during the rotation of the rotor in one period, and the other half period of ampere moment (the current is zero) does not act, so that the rotor can continuously rotate in an oriented way; if the rotor shaft is completely stripped on the side, namely only one half period ampere moment is used for positive work in one period, the other half period ampere moment is used for negative work (reverse moment), the work in one period is zero, namely, the coil plane of the rotor is seen to swing back and forth instead of rotating directionally during the experiment.

Can continuous directional rotation be achieved even when the side surfaces of the rotor shaft are completely peeled off? On the basis of the above discussion, the answer to those skilled in the art is often that continuous directional rotation is not possible; the answer to this patent is that it can be done, how is this patent done? Since we are designed as eccentric rotors, centrifugal force is generated during the rotation of the rotor (coil), as shown in fig. 1: starting from an initial state (the coil plane of the rotor is in a vertical plane, the gravity center of the rotor is below the extension line of the rotating shaft), performing positive work W1 by ampere moment when the rotor rotates to a state that the coil plane of the rotor is horizontal (the normal direction of the coil plane of the rotor and the horizontal direction of magnetic lines are half a period of boundary line), wherein the pressure of the rotating shaft of the rotor on the rotating shaft supporting tube (during rotation) is greater than the gravity of the rotor; then starting from the process that the coil plane is horizontal (the boundary between the normal direction of the coil plane of the rotor and the parallel action of the magnetic lines of force is half period) until the coil plane of the next rotor is horizontal (the boundary between the normal direction of the coil plane of the rotor and the parallel action of the magnetic lines of force is half period), the pressure of the rotor rotating shaft to the rotating shaft supporting tube is zero (is out of contact) or is smaller than the gravity of the rotor (the gravity center of the rotor is above the extension line of the rotating shaft), the work of the non-ampere moment or the negative work of the ampere moment is W2, the work of the W2 plus the work of overcoming the gravity of the rotor is W3, and W2+ W36; the net work after the ampere moment works to overcome the friction moment and work in one period is larger than zero, and the continuous directional rotation of the rotor is realized.

Further, for convenience of discussion, as shown in fig. 1, consider that there is current passing through the rotor from the center of mass of the rotor starting below (initial) the extension line of the rotation axis to the center of mass of the rotor and the rotation axis being in the same horizontal plane (horizontal), there is no current passing through the rotor above the extension line of the rotation axis at the center of mass of the rotor, neglecting friction torque to do work, neglecting self-induced electromotive force, neglecting internal resistance of the battery, taking current I as maximum current (just starting), there is magnetic torque to do work to overcome gravity to do work (the center of mass of the rotor doing circular motion to make the center of mass reach the highest point)

Taking the supporting force F of the rotor as zero, the above formula is combined, and

NISB＞5rmg/2

for convenience of discussion, let s₁The resistance of the rotor coil is R for the cross-sectional area of the rotor wire

Substituting the above R, I, m three expressions into NISB > 5rmg/2 yields:

the continuous rotation of the rotor must satisfyIn a relation of, that is to say, satisfiesThe rotor cannot rotate continuously when in relation; (if considering the process that the rotor mass center is below the extension line of the rotating shaft, the process that the rotor mass center and the rotating shaft are in the same horizontal plane, and the rotor mass center is below the extension line of the rotating shaft and then the rotor mass center (the mass center) and the rotating shaft are in the same horizontal plane is started, the work is twice the process that the rotor mass center is below the extension line of the rotating shaft, the rotor mass center and the rotating shaft are in the same horizontal plane, namely if the process is satisfiedThe continuous rotation of the rotor is less realized);

wherein N is the number of turns of the rotor coil, I is the current intensity in the coil, S is the area of the single-turn coil, B is the magnetic field intensity of the magnet in the coil, R is the radius of the center of mass of the rotor from the rotating shaft, m is the mass of the rotor, g is the gravitational acceleration, epsilon is the potential difference at two ends of the rotor, R is the total resistance of the rotor, and S is the total resistance of the rotor₁Is the cross-sectional area of the rotor wire, d is the diameter of the wire, ρ is the resistivity of the wire, ρ₁Is the bulk density of the wire and a is the radius of the single turn coil.

This problem arises as follows: in 1996, the inventor wants to make a demonstration motor (ampere force drive) with a rotor coil diameter of 5mm, and the manufacture according to the principle of a textbook cannot be realized, finds that the rotor is light in weight when being in one turn and small in contact area with a rotating shaft support ring (an electric connection electrode), although the rotor rotating shaft is also designed according to the textbook and cannot realize directional rotation, so that the number of turns of the rotor coil is increased to 5 turns, and the rotating shaft support ring is changed into a rotating shaft support tube (a solenoid shape) to realize the directional rotation of the rotor; however, for a thin wire of an enameled wire, if the diameter of the enameled wire is 0.41mm, the diameter of a rotor made coil is 5mm, the processing is carried out according to the manufacturing process of a textbook, half of the thin side surface of the enameled wire is difficult to strip when a rotating shaft of the rotor is processed, the processing difficulty is increased, one half of the enameled wire is not stripped or is completely stripped during the processing, and multiple tests and expressions show that the rotor is easy to continuously rotate sometimes under the condition that the rotating shaft of the rotor is completely naked, and only the swinging phenomenon sometimes occurs; through careful observation, the internal mechanism of driving is discovered, and finally, the theoretical analysis and the actual combination are consistent, so that a preliminary scheme of the patent is obtained, and the patent is designed and manufactured according to the rule, and the success rate of demonstration is 100%; in the subsequent teaching test, the enameled iron wire (the iron wire with the periphery soaked by insulating paint) is used as the coil of the rotor of the motor, the phenomenon that the rotor coil swings and cannot move directionally continuously occurs, the iron wire belongs to ferromagnetic materials, the magnetic attraction force of a magnet is larger, the ampere force generated by the rotor coil driven by a common 3-volt dry battery is smaller than the magnetic force of the magnet on the coil, therefore, the magnetic torque generated by the magnet is larger than the ampere force torque under the same force arm, namely, the torque of the rotor coil (the iron wire) attracted by the magnet in the range of the rotor coil close to the vertical surface can be smaller than the ampere force torque generated by the current in the rotor coil in the magnetic field; the angle between the rotor coil and the vertical surface is increased, the moment of the magnet attracting the rotor coil (iron wire) is increased, and therefore, a large current is required to drive the rotor to continuously rotate by using the ampere moment generated by the current in the rotor coil. The theory and practice are combined, which is beneficial to the creativity of the students.

The prominent substantive features and remarkable progress compared with the prior art are as follows: 1. the design structure is characterized in that the mass center of the rotor and the rotating shaft of the rotor are not on the same straight line, the pressure of the rotating shaft of the rotor on a supporting pipe of the rotating shaft is changed through the inertial centrifugal force generated after the rotor rotates (the pressure can be larger than the self gravity of the rotor (when the mass center of the rotor is below the connecting line of the rotating shaft), is zero (when the mass center of the rotor is above the connecting line of the rotating shaft) or is obviously smaller than the self gravity (when the mass center of the rotor is above the connecting line of the rotating shaft)), so that the pressure of the rotating shaft of the rotor on the supporting pipe of the rotating shaft is periodically changed in a rotation period, the contact area of the rotating shaft of the rotor on the supporting pipe of the rotating shaft is changed, the current can also be periodically changed, the self-adjustment of the current; 2. insulating paint is completely removed from an enameled wire of the rotor rotating shaft, particularly for a thin enameled wire, the small-scale rotor (the diameter of a coil is small, such as below 5mm, and the diameter of the enameled wire is below 0.41 mm) is easier to realize in processing than that of the prior art (insulating paint is removed from one half side surface of the enameled wire of the rotor rotating shaft in a textbook), the structure is simpler, the demonstration effect is obvious, and continuous rotation is easy to realize.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the patent

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the patent

Wherein: 1. the rotor (is wound by enameled wires made of copper wires), 1-1. rotor rotating shaft (copper wires with the paint coating removed), 2. rotor support, 2-1. rotating shaft support tube, 3. battery box, and 4. magnet (permanent magnet).

Detailed Description

As shown in the attached figure 2: a small motor of a brushless commutatorless commutator for automatically adjusting current mainly comprises a rotor 1, a rotor bracket 2, a battery box 3, a magnet 4 and a switch, and is characterized in that: the rotor 1 is wound into a multi-turn ring shape by an enameled wire, two ends of the enameled wire are used as rotor rotating shafts 1-1 after the enameled wire is completely peeled off, and two ends of the enameled wire are also used as inflow and outflow ends of current in the rotor 1; one end of an insulating coated wire is removed from the insulating coated wire and wound into a solenoid to be used as a rotating shaft supporting tube 2-1, the insulating coated wire is vertically fixed on a battery box 3 (insulating material) to be used as a rotor bracket 2, and the other end of the insulating coated wire is connected to a positive pole and a negative pole of a battery through a switch; the magnet 4 is fixed on the battery box 3, the extension line of the rotating shaft (rotor rotating shaft 1-1) of the rotor 1 is not superposed with the gravity center of the rotor 1, the rotor rotating shafts 1-1 at the two ends of the rotor 1 are on the same straight line, the rotor rotating shaft 1-1 at the two ends of the rotor 1 is put into the rotating shaft supporting tube 2-1, the natural state of the rotor 1 is that the coil plane of the rotor 1 is in the vertical plane, the N pole or the S pole of the magnet 4 is close to the coil of the rotor 1, and the inner diameter of the rotating shaft supporting tube 2-1 meets the following requirements: in the rotation process of the rotor 1, when the gravity center (mass center) of the rotor 1 is right above the extension line of the rotor rotating shaft 1-1, the rotor rotating shaft 1-1 can not be contacted (suspended) with the rotating shaft supporting tube 2-1, and the rotor rotating shaft 1-1 can also be contacted with the rotating shaft supporting tube 2-1.