阅读说明：本技术 一种用于多种农作物的全自动化旱地插秧机 (Full-automatic dry land rice transplanter for various crops ) 是由 贾中永 王家勇 何正志 于 2021-07-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及插秧机技术领域,且公开了一种用于多种农作物的全自动化旱地插秧机,包括移动装置,所述移动装置的左侧设置有磨平装置,所述移动装置的右侧设置有秧苗放置装置,所述秧苗放置装置的右侧均匀设置有多组插秧装置,所述插秧装置的下侧连接有培陇装置,所述移动装置的顶端安装有肥料桶,所述肥料桶的下侧均匀连接有多组喷头,所述喷头的下侧贯穿移动装置的本体并延伸至移动装置的下侧,所述喷头与插秧装置相匹配,所述秧苗放置装置的下侧连接有与插秧装置相匹配的分陇板,本发明方案能够通过设置磨平装置对翻整的地面进行整理平复,通过设置磨平装置对翻整的地面进行整理平复,通过设置插秧装置可以对秧苗进行播种。(The invention relates to the technical field of rice transplanting machines, and discloses a full-automatic dry land rice transplanting machine for various crops, which comprises a moving device, wherein a grinding device is arranged on the left side of the moving device, a rice seedling placing device is arranged on the right side of the moving device, a plurality of groups of rice transplanting devices are uniformly arranged on the right side of the rice seedling placing device, a ridge cultivating device is connected to the lower side of the rice transplanting device, a fertilizer barrel is arranged at the top end of the moving device, a plurality of groups of spray heads are uniformly connected to the lower side of the fertilizer barrel, the lower sides of the spray heads penetrate through the body of the moving device and extend to the lower side of the moving device, the spray heads are matched with the rice transplanting devices, a ridge distributing plate matched with the rice transplanting devices is connected to the lower side of the rice seedling placing device, the scheme of the invention can arrange and level the leveled ground by arranging the grinding device, and arrange and level the leveled by arranging the grinding device, the seedlings can be sown by arranging the seedling transplanting device.)

1. A full-automatic dry land transplanter for various crops is characterized in that: including mobile device (100), the left side of mobile device (100) is provided with grinds paper-back edition and puts (200), the right side of mobile device (100) is provided with seedling placer (300), the right side of seedling placer (300) evenly is provided with multiunit device (400) of transplanting rice seedlings, the downside of transplanting rice seedlings device (400) is connected with banks up long device (600), fertilizer bucket (700) are installed on the top of mobile device (100), the downside of fertilizer bucket (700) evenly is connected with multiunit shower nozzle (710), the downside of shower nozzle (710) runs through the body of mobile device (100) and extends to the downside of mobile device (100), shower nozzle (710) and transplanting rice seedlings device (400) phase-match, the downside of seedling placer (300) is connected with and transplants rice seedlings device (400) assorted and divides long board (800).

2. The fully automated dry land rice transplanter for various crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein: grind flat device (200) including first fixed case (210), the bottom of first fixed case (210) is connected with the top of mobile device (100), both sides all are connected with first bull stick (220) around first fixed case (210), and are two sets of the outer wall of first bull stick (220) all is connected with first gear (230), and is two sets of first gear (230) mesh mutually, the downside of first gear (230) is connected with grinds dull and stereotyped (240), the top of first fixed case (210) is connected with second fixed case (250), first motor (260) are installed to the roof of second fixed case (250) inner chamber, the transmission end of first motor (260) is connected with the bottom of front side second fixed case (250).

3. The fully automated dry land rice transplanter for various crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the seedling placing device (300) comprises a first fixing plate (310), the first fixing plate (310) is obliquely arranged at the right side of the fertilizer barrel (700), the top end of the ridging plate (800) is connected with the lower side of the spray head (710), the front side and the rear side of the top end of the first fixing plate (310) are both connected with second fixing plates (320), the left side and the right side of the viewing end of the second fixing plate (320) are both connected with first screw rods (330), the front sides of the two groups of first screw rods (330) are connected with first chain belts (340), a second motor (350) is arranged at the rear side of the top end of the first fixing plate (310), the transmission end of the second motor (350) is connected with the rear end of the first screw (330) on the left side, the outer walls of the first screws (330) are connected with a movable plate (360), and the top end of the movable plate (360) is connected with a fence (370).

4. The fully automated dry land rice transplanter for various crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rice transplanting device (400) comprises a third supporting plate (410), the left side of the third supporting plate (410) is connected with the right side of a first fixing plate (310), the right side of the third supporting plate (410) is connected with a third fixing box (420), a third motor (430) is installed on the left side of the inner cavity of the third fixing box (420), the transmission end of the third motor (430) is connected with a second rotating rod (431), the right side of the second rotating rod (431) is connected with a first bevel gear (440), the front side wall and the rear side wall of the third fixing box (420) are connected with a third rotating rod (450), the outer wall of the third rotating rod (450) is connected with a second bevel gear (460), the first bevel gear (440) is meshed with the second bevel gear (460), the front side wall and the rear side wall of the third fixing box (420) are connected with a fourth rotating rod (470), the front side and the rear side of the third rotating rod (450) are connected with first connecting plates (480), the front side and the rear side of the fourth rotating rod (470) are both connected with second connecting plates (490), and the front side and the rear side of the first connecting plate (480) and the second connecting plates (490) are both connected with seedling transplanting rods (500).

5. The fully automated dry land transplanter for various crops as claimed in claim 4, wherein: it includes two sets of fourth backup pads (610) to bank up long device (600), the top of fourth backup pad (610) is connected with the bottom of the fixed case of third (420), and is two sets of the side of looking of fourth backup pad (610) is connected with two-way screw (620), both sides all are provided with the screw thread around two-way screw (620) lateral wall, the spiral opposite direction of both sides screw thread around two-way screw (620), both sides all are connected with splint (630) around two-way screw (620), the rear side fourth motor (640) are installed to the front end of fourth backup pad (610), the transmission end of fourth motor (640) is connected with fifth bull stick (650), the outside of fifth bull stick (650) and two-way screw (620) is connected with second chain belt (660).

6. The fully automated dry land rice transplanter for various crops as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the outer side of the grinding plate (240) is connected with a ridging soil plate (241), and the outer side of the ridging soil plate (241) is a hopper-shaped container with a radian.

7. A fully automated dry land transplanter for various crops as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the front sides of the two groups of first screws (330) are connected with action tooth blocks, the first chain belt (340) is located inside the action tooth blocks of the first screws (330), and the body of the first fixing plate (310) is provided with an action groove.

8. The fully automated dry land transplanter for various crops as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the left side of the seedling transplanting rod (500) is arranged in an arc shape, and the left side of the seedling transplanting rod (500) is connected with an action rod (510).

9. The fully automated dry land transplanter for various crops as claimed in claim 5, wherein: two sets of the looks side of fourth backup pad (610) is connected with guide bar (670), the downside of splint (630) is run through in guide bar (670), the outside of fifth bull stick (650) and two-way screw (620) all is provided with spacing tooth piece, second chain belt (660) are located inside the spacing tooth piece.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rice transplanters, and particularly relates to a full-automatic dry land rice transplanter for various crops.

Background

The continuous innovation of agriculture in the mechanization process leads the automation degree of agriculture to be higher and higher, but at present, the agricultural machinery is basically plate semi-automatic machinery, firstly, soil loosening and seedling sorting are carried out manually in seedling cups, and mechanical equipment completes the seedling transplanting action, so that the mode needs the cooperation of multiple persons, meanwhile, simple training needs to be carried out on the manual work, and the reduced action is only the action of bending over for seedling transplanting.

The existing rice transplanter is inconvenient to use, only can perform one procedure of rice transplanting, the ground needs to be arranged for rice transplanting in dry land, fertilizer is applied according to different raw materials in the rice transplanting process, the automation degree of the used machine is not high, and the labor amount of users cannot be effectively reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the situation, the invention provides a full-automatic dry land rice transplanter for various crops, which overcomes the defects of the prior art, and effectively solves the problems that the prior rice transplanter is inconvenient to use and only can transplant rice in one procedure, the ground needs to be arranged during dry land rice transplanting, fertilizer is applied according to different raw materials during the rice transplanting, the automation degree of a used machine is low, and the labor amount of users cannot be effectively reduced.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a full automatization dry land transplanter for multiple crops, includes the mobile device, the left side of mobile device is provided with grinds the paper-back edition and puts, the right side of mobile device is provided with seedling placer, the right side of seedling placer evenly is provided with multiunit and transplants rice seedlings the device, the downside of transplanting rice seedlings the device is connected with cultivates the long device, fertilizer bucket is installed on the top of mobile device, fertilizer bucket's downside evenly is connected with multiunit shower nozzle, the downside of shower nozzle runs through the body of mobile device and extends to the downside of mobile device, shower nozzle and transplanting rice seedlings device phase-match, the downside of seedling placer is connected with and transplants rice seedlings device assorted branch long board.

Preferably, grind flat device and include first fixed case, the bottom of first fixed case is connected with mobile device's top, both sides all are connected with first bull stick, and are two sets of around the first fixed case the outer wall of first bull stick all is connected with first gear, and is two sets of first gear meshes mutually, the downside of first gear is connected with grinds the flat board, the top of first fixed case is connected with the fixed case of second, first motor is installed to the roof of the fixed incasement chamber of second, the transmission end of first motor is connected with the bottom of the fixed case of front side second.

Preferably, the seedling placing device comprises a first fixing plate, the first fixing plate is obliquely arranged on the right side of the fertilizer barrel, the top end of the ridging plate is connected with the lower side of the spray head, the front side and the rear side of the top end of the first fixing plate are both connected with second fixing plates, the left side and the right side of the end, seen by the second fixing plates, of the second fixing plates are both connected with first screws, the front sides of the first screws are connected with first chain belts, the rear side of the top end of the first fixing plate is provided with a second motor, the transmission end of the second motor is connected with the rear end of the first screw on the left side, the outer wall of the first screw is connected with a movable plate, and the top end of the movable plate is connected with a fence.

Preferably, the rice transplanting device comprises a third supporting plate, the left side of the third supporting plate is connected with the right side of the first fixing plate, the right side of the third supporting plate is connected with a third fixed box, the left side of the inner cavity of the third fixed box is provided with a third motor, the transmission end of the third motor is connected with a second rotating rod, the right side of the second rotating rod is connected with a first bevel gear, the front side wall and the rear side wall of the third fixed box are connected with a third rotating rod, the outer wall of the third rotating rod is connected with a second bevel gear, the first bevel gear is meshed with the second bevel gear, the front side wall and the rear side wall of the third fixed box are connected with fourth rotating rods, the front side and the rear side of the third rotating rod are both connected with first connecting plates, the front side and the rear side of the fourth rotating rod are both connected with second connecting plates, and the front side and the rear side of the first connecting plates and the front side and the rear side of the second connecting plates are both connected with seedling transplanting rods.

Preferably, the ridging device comprises two groups of fourth supporting plates, the top ends of the fourth supporting plates are connected with the bottom end of a third fixing box, the viewing sides of the two groups of fourth supporting plates are connected with two-way screws, threads are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the side wall of each two-way screw, the spiral directions of the threads on the front side and the rear side of each two-way screw are opposite, clamping plates are connected to the front side and the rear side of each two-way screw, a fourth motor is installed at the front end of the fourth supporting plate on the rear side, the transmission end of the fourth motor is connected with a fifth rotating rod, and a second chain belt is connected between the fifth rotating rod and the outer side of each two-way screw.

Preferably, the outer side of the grinding plate is connected with a ridge soil plate, and the outer side of the ridge soil plate is a hopper-shaped container with a radian.

Preferably, the front sides of the two groups of first screws are connected with action tooth blocks, the first chain belt is positioned inside the first screw action tooth blocks, and the body of the first fixing plate is provided with an action groove.

Preferably, the left side of the seedling transplanting rod is arranged in an arc shape, and the left side of the seedling transplanting rod is connected with an action rod.

Preferably, the viewing sides of the two groups of fourth supporting plates are connected with guide rods, the guide rods penetrate through the lower side of the clamping plate, limiting tooth blocks are arranged on the outer sides of the fifth rotating rod and the bidirectional screw rod, and the second chain belt is located inside the limiting tooth blocks.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. arranging and flattening the ground which is turned over by arranging the grinding and flattening device, starting a first motor, driving a front side first rotating rod to rotate through the first motor, driving a front side first gear to rotate through the first rotating rod, driving a rear side first gear to rotate through the front side first gear, driving a rear side first rotating rod to rotate through the rear side first gear, driving a grinding plate to rotate through the two groups of first rotating rods, and arranging and flattening the ground through the two groups of grinding and flattening plates;

2. the seedling placing device can move the seedlings forward and backward to enable the seedlings to be uniformly inserted into the ground, the second motor is started, the left first screw rod is driven to rotate by the second motor, the first chain belt is driven to rotate by the rotation of the left first screw rod, the right first screw rod is driven to rotate by the rotation of the first chain belt, the movable plate is driven to move forward and backward by the rotation of the two groups of first screw rods, and the seedlings are driven to move forward and backward by the forward and backward movement of the movable plate;

3. the seedling can be sown by arranging the seedling transplanting device, the third motor is started, the second rotating rod is driven to rotate by the third motor, the first bevel gear is driven to rotate by the rotation of the second rotating rod, the second bevel gear is driven to rotate by the rotation of the first bevel gear, the third rotating rod is driven to rotate by the rotation of the second bevel gear, the seedling transplanting rod is driven to move left and right and up and down by the rotation of the third rotating rod, and the seedling is placed and pressed to the ridge by the left side of the seedling transplanting rod and the action rod under the limit of the second connecting plate;

4. the ridging device is arranged to reinforce soil of ridging, the first chain belt is started, the fourth motor drives the fifth rotating rod to rotate, the fifth rotating rod drives the second chain belt to rotate, the second chain belt drives the bidirectional screw to rotate, the two groups of clamping plates are driven to be close to each other through the bidirectional screw, and the soil is reinforced through the two groups of clamping plates.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second connecting plate structure according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of the fence structure of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third supporting plate structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the bi-directional screw of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a first fixing box according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a ridge-soil plate structure according to the present invention.

In the figure: 100. a mobile device; 200. a grinding device; 210. a first stationary box; 220. a first rotating lever; 230. a first gear; 240. grinding a flat plate; 241. ridge soil plates; 250. a second stationary box; 260. a first motor; 300. a seedling placing device; 310. a first fixing plate; 320. a second fixing plate; 330. a first screw; 340. a first chain belt; 350. a second motor; 360. moving the plate; 370. a fence; 400. a rice transplanting device; 410. a third support plate; 420. a third stationary box; 430. a third motor; 431. a second rotating rod; 440. a first bevel gear; 450. a third rotating rod; 460. a second bevel gear; 470. a fourth rotating rod; 480. a first connecting plate; 490. a second connecting plate; 500. transplanting rod; 510. an action rod; 600. a ridge culture device; 610. a fourth support plate; 620. a bidirectional screw; 630. a splint; 640. a fourth motor; 650. a fifth rotating rod; 660. a second chain belt; 670. a guide bar; 700. a fertilizer barrel; 710. a spray head; 800. a ridging plate.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 7, a fully automatic dry land rice transplanter for various crops includes a mobile device 100, a grinding device 200 is disposed on the left side of the mobile device 100, a seedling placing device 300 is disposed on the right side of the mobile device 100, a plurality of groups of rice transplanting devices 400 are uniformly disposed on the right side of the seedling placing device 300, a ridge cultivating device 600 is connected to the lower side of the rice transplanting devices 400, a fertilizer barrel 700 is mounted on the top end of the mobile device 100, a plurality of groups of spray heads 710 are uniformly connected to the lower side of the fertilizer barrel 700, the lower sides of the spray heads 710 penetrate through the body of the mobile device 100 and extend to the lower side of the mobile device 100, the spray heads 710 are matched with the rice transplanting devices 400, and a ridge separating plate 800 matched with the rice transplanting devices 400 is connected to the lower side of the seedling placing device 300.

The flat grinding device 200 comprises a first fixing box 210, the bottom end of the first fixing box 210 is connected with the top end of the mobile device 100, the front and back sides of the first fixing box 210 are both connected with first rotating rods 220, the outer walls of the two groups of first rotating rods 220 are both connected with first gears 230, the two groups of first gears 230 are meshed, the lower side of the first gear 230 is connected with a flat grinding plate 240, the top end of the first fixing box 210 is connected with a second fixing box 250, the top wall of the inner cavity of the second fixing box 250 is provided with a first motor 260, the transmission end of the first motor 260 is connected with the bottom end of the second fixing box 250 at the front side, the ground surface is arranged and leveled by the leveling device 200, the outer side of the leveling plate 240 is connected with a ridge soil plate 241, the outer side of the ridge soil plate 241 is a hopper-shaped container with a radian, the two groups of grinding plates 240 rotate to finish and level the ground, and the ridge soil plates 241 can improve the effect of finishing and leveling the ground by the grinding plates 240.

The seedling placing device 300 includes a first fixing plate 310, the first fixing plate 310 is obliquely arranged at the right side of the fertilizer barrel 700, the top end of the ridging plate 800 is connected with the lower side of the spray head 710, the front and rear sides of the top end of the first fixing plate 310 are connected with second fixing plates 320, the left and right sides of the viewing end of the second fixing plates 320 are connected with first screws 330, the front sides of the two groups of first screws 330 are connected with first chain belts 340, the rear side of the top end of the first fixing plate 310 is provided with a second motor 350, the transmission end of the second motor 350 is connected with the rear end of the left first screw 330, the outer walls of the two groups of first screws 330 are connected with a moving plate 360, the top end of the moving plate 360 is connected with a fence 370, seedlings are placed in the fence 370, the fence 370 can be driven to move back and forth by the seedling placing device 300, the front sides of the two groups of first screws 330 are connected with action tooth blocks, the first chain belts 340 are positioned in the action tooth blocks of the first screws 330, the body of the first fixing plate 310 is provided with an action groove, so that the ventilation of the seedlings and the water outflow outside the seedlings can be facilitated by the action groove.

The rice transplanting device 400 comprises a third supporting plate 410, the left side of the third supporting plate 410 is connected with the right side of a first fixing plate 310, the right side of the third supporting plate 410 is connected with a third fixing box 420, the left side of the inner cavity of the third fixing box 420 is provided with a third motor 430, the transmission end of the third motor 430 is connected with a second rotating rod 431, the right side of the second rotating rod 431 is connected with a first bevel gear 440, the front and back side walls of the third fixing box 420 are connected with a third rotating rod 450, the outer wall of the third rotating rod 450 is connected with a second bevel gear 460, the first bevel gear 440 is meshed with the second bevel gear 460, the front and back side walls of the third fixing box 420 are connected with a fourth rotating rod 470, the front and back sides of the third rotating rod 450 are connected with first connecting plates 480, the front and back sides of the fourth rotating rod 470 are connected with second connecting plates 490, the front and back sides of the first connecting plates 480 and the second connecting plates 490 are connected with rice transplanting rods 500, the seedling is sowed by arranging the seedling transplanting device 400, the left side of the seedling transplanting rod 500 is arranged in an arc shape, the left side of the seedling transplanting rod 500 is connected with the action rod 510, and the seedling transplanting effect of the seedling transplanting rod 500 is improved by arranging the action rod 510.

The ridging device 600 comprises two groups of fourth support plates 610, the top ends of the fourth support plates 610 are connected with the bottom end of a third fixed box 420, two-way screws 620 are connected with the viewing sides of the two groups of fourth support plates 610, threads are arranged on the front and back sides of the side walls of the two-way screws 620, the spiral directions of the threads on the front and back sides of the two-way screws 620 are opposite, clamping plates 630 are connected with the front and back sides of the two-way screws 620, a fourth motor 640 is installed at the front end of the rear fourth support plate 610, the transmission end of the fourth motor 640 is connected with a fifth rotating rod 650, a second chain belt 660 is connected with the outer sides of the fifth rotating rod 650 and the two-way screws 620, soil of the land ridging is reinforced by the ridging device 600, guide rod chain belts 670 are connected with the viewing sides of the two groups of fourth support plates 610, the guide rods 670 penetrate through the lower sides of the clamping plates 630, limiting tooth blocks are arranged on the outer sides of the fifth rotating rod 650 and the two-way screws 620, the second chain belt 660 is positioned inside the limiting tooth blocks, prevent through setting up guide bar 670 that splint 630 operation in-process from appearing rocking, prevent through setting up spacing tooth piece that tooth piece operation in-process from appearing rocking.

The working principle is as follows: in the embodiment of the present invention, before using, a farmer turns the ground once and uses the device, the ground is leveled and restored by the leveling device 200, the first motor 260 is started, the first rotating rod 220 at the front side is driven to rotate by the first motor 260, the first gear 230 at the front side is driven to rotate by the first rotating rod 220, the first gear 230 at the front side is driven to rotate by the first gear 230 at the front side, the first gear 230 at the rear side is driven to rotate by the first gear 230 at the rear side, the first rotating rod 220 at the rear side is driven to rotate by the first gear 230 at the rear side, the leveling plate 240 is driven to rotate by the first rotating rods 220 at the two sets, the ground is leveled and arranged by the two sets of leveling plates 240, fertilizer is placed in the inner cavity of the fertilizer barrel 700, the fertilizer falls down by the spray nozzle 710 when the mobile device 100 moves, the fallen fertilizer is turned over by the ridging plate 800, and the ridging plate 800 is used for reclaiming the ground, forming ridges on the ground, placing seedlings in the seedling placing device 300, starting the second motor 350, driving the left first screw 330 to rotate by the second motor 350, driving the first chain belt 340 to rotate by the rotation of the left first screw 330, driving the right first screw 330 to rotate by the rotation of the first chain belt 340, driving the moving plate 360 to move back and forth by the rotation of the two groups of first screws 330, driving the seedlings to move back and forth by the back and forth movement of the moving plate 360, sowing the seedlings by the seedling planting device 400, starting the third motor 430, driving the second rotating rod 431 to rotate by the third motor 430, driving the first bevel gear 440 to rotate by the rotation of the second rotating rod 431, driving the second bevel gear 460 to rotate by the rotation of the first bevel gear 440, driving the third rotating rod 450 to rotate by the rotation of the second bevel gear 460, driving the seedling transplanting rod 500 to move left and right and up and down by the rotation of the third rotating rod 450, under the limit of the second connecting plate 490, the left side of the seedling transplanting rod 500 and the action rod 510 place and press the seedlings to the ridge, the seedlings are erected on the ground, the ridge planting device 600 is started, the soil of the ridge is reinforced by the ridge planting device 600, the first chain belt 340 is started, the fifth rotating rod 650 is driven to rotate by the fourth motor 640, the second chain belt 660 is driven to rotate by the rotation of the fifth rotating rod 650, the bidirectional screw 620 is driven to rotate by the rotation of the second chain belt 660, the two groups of clamping plates 630 are driven to approach each other by the bidirectional screw 620, and the soil is reinforced by the two groups of clamping plates 630.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.