阅读说明：本技术 改进中间馏分燃料的低温性能的组合物、用途和方法 (Compositions, uses and methods for improving low temperature performance of middle distillate fuels ) 是由 T·迈尔 于 2019-07-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种改进中间馏分燃料组合物的低温性能的方法,该中间馏分燃料组合物包含：(a)含氮分散剂；和(b)一种或多种低温性能增强剂,所述低温性能增强剂不是富马酸酯乙烯基酯共聚物并且选自(x)蜡抗沉降添加剂、(y)中间馏分流动改进剂及其混合物；所述方法包括向燃料中加入添加剂(c),所述添加剂(c)是包含式(A)的单元和式(B)的单元的共聚物：其中R是烷基并且R~1和R~2各自是烷基。(A method of improving the low temperature properties of a middle distillate fuel composition comprising: (a) a nitrogen-containing dispersant; and (b) one or more low temperature performance enhancing agents which are not fumarate vinyl ester copolymers and are selected from (x) wax anti-settling additives, (y) middle distillate flow improvers and mixtures thereof; the method comprises adding to the fuel an additive (c) which is a copolymer comprising units of formula (a) and units of formula (B): wherein R is alkyl and R 1 And R 2 Each is an alkyl group.)

1. A method of improving the low temperature performance of a middle distillate fuel composition comprising:

(a) a nitrogen-containing dispersant; and

(b) one or more low temperature performance enhancing agents which are not fumarate vinyl ester copolymers and are selected from: (x) Wax anti-settling additives, (y) middle distillate flow improvers and mixtures thereof;

the method comprises adding to the fuel an additive (c) which is a copolymer comprising units of formula (a) and units of formula (B):

wherein R is alkyl and R¹And R²Each is an alkyl group.

2. Use of a copolymer (c) comprising units of formula (a) and units of formula (B) to improve the low temperature properties of a middle distillate fuel composition:

wherein R is alkyl and R¹And R²Each is an alkyl group;

the middle distillate fuel composition comprises:

(a) a nitrogen-containing dispersant; and

(b) one or more low temperature performance enhancing agents which are not fumarate vinyl ester copolymers and are selected from: (x) Wax anti-settling additives, (y) middle distillate flow improvers, and mixtures thereof.

3. An additive composition for improving the low temperature properties of a middle distillate fuel composition, the additive composition comprising:

(b) one or more low temperature performance enhancing agents which are not fumarate vinyl ester copolymers and are selected from: (x) Wax anti-settling additives, (y) middle distillate flow improvers and mixtures thereof; and

(c) a copolymer comprising units of formula (a) and units of formula (B):

wherein R is alkyl and R¹And R²Each is an alkyl group.

4. A middle distillate fuel composition comprising:

(a) a nitrogen-containing dispersant;

(b) one or more low temperature performance enhancing agents which are not fumarate vinyl ester copolymers and are selected from: (x) Wax anti-settling additives, (y) middle distillate flow improvers and mixtures thereof; and

(c) a copolymer comprising units of formula (a) and units of formula (B):

wherein R is alkyl and R¹And R²Each is an alkyl group.

5. The method, use or composition of any preceding claim, wherein additive (c) is prepared by copolymerizing a vinyl ester monomer and a dialkyl fumarate monomer.

6. The method, use or composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein R is methyl.

7. The method, use or composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein R¹And R²Each being an alkyl group having less than 18 carbon atoms.

8. A method, use or composition according to any preceding claim, wherein component (a) is selected from

(i) A quaternary ammonium salt additive;

(ii) the product of a mannich reaction between an aldehyde, an amine, and an optionally substituted phenol;

(iii) the reaction product of a carboxylic acid-derived acylating agent and an amine;

(iv) the reaction product of a carboxylic acid-derived acylating agent and hydrazine;

(v) salts formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with di-n-butylamine or tri-n-butylamine;

(vi) a reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride and an amine compound or salt, the product comprising at least one aminotriazole group; and

(vii) polyalkene-substituted amines.

9. A method, use or composition according to any preceding claim, wherein component (a) is selected from

(i) A quaternary ammonium salt additive;

(ii) the product of a mannich reaction between an aldehyde, an amine, and an optionally substituted phenol; and

(iii) the reaction product of a carboxylic acid-derived acylating agent and an amine.

10. A method, use or composition according to any preceding claim, wherein component (a) is selected from one or more of the following

-a quaternary ammonium salt additive formed by reacting methyl salicylate or dimethyl oxalate with the reaction product of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic anhydride and dimethylaminopropylamine having a PIB number average molecular weight of 700-1300;

-a mannich reaction product of dodecylphenol, formaldehyde and ethylenediamine or tetraethylpentamine; and

reaction products of polyisobutenyl-substituted succinic acids/anhydrides having a PIB molecular weight (Mn) of 500-1300 with polyethylene polyamines having 1 to 9 amino groups and 1 to 8 ethylene groups.

11. A method, use or composition according to any preceding claim, wherein component (b) comprises at least one wax anti-settling additive (x) and at least one middle distillate flow improver (y).

12. The method, use or composition of any preceding claim, wherein component (b) comprises a wax anti-settling additive (x) which is (I) a wax comprising segment-NR³R⁴Wherein R is³Represents a group containing 4 to 44 carbon atoms and R⁴Represents a hydrogen atom or a group R³And (II) a carboxylic acid having from 1 to 4 carboxylic acid groups or a reactive equivalent thereof.

13. A method, use or composition according to any preceding claim, wherein component (b) comprises a wax anti-settling additive (x) which is the reaction product of di (hydrogenated) tallow fatty amine (I) and phthalic acid or anhydride (II) thereof.

14. A process, use or composition according to any preceding claim, wherein component (b) comprises a middle distillate flow improver (y) which is a copolymer of ethylene and an ethylenically unsaturated compound.

15. A process, use or composition according to any preceding claim, wherein component (b) comprises a middle distillate flow improver (y) which contains from 1 to 23 mol% of an ethylenically unsaturated compound as comonomer in addition to ethylene.

16. Use of an additive (c) to improve antagonistic interactions between (a) a nitrogen-containing dispersant and (B) one or more low temperature performance enhancing agents in a middle distillate fuel composition, said additive (c) being a copolymer comprising units of formula (a) and units of formula (B):

wherein R is alkyl and R¹And R²Each is an alkyl group; the low temperature performance enhancer is not a fumarate vinyl ester copolymer and is selected from the group consisting of: (x) Wax anti-settling additives, (y) middle distillate flow improvers, and mixtures thereof.

Examples

In the examples, the following additives were metered into middle distillate fuels:

an A-ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprising 30-32% (wt%) vinyl acetate units and having a number average MW of about 4-5000, provided in an aromatic solvent.

B-2 moles of di (hydrogenated) tallow amine and 1 mole of phthalic anhydride reacted to form the reaction product of the half amide half ammonium salt, provided in an aromatic solvent.

A copolymer of vinyl acetate and diesters of fumaric and tetradecanol at a C-1:1 molar ratio, having a number average MW of about 10,000, provided in an aromatic solvent.

D-A reaction product of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride having a PIB number average molecular weight of 750 and a mixture of polyethylene polyamines corresponding to tetraethylene pentamine to form polyisobutylene succinimide, provided in an aromatic solvent.

A Mannich reaction product of E-dodecylphenol, formaldehyde and ethylenediamine, provided in an aromatic solvent.

F-A reaction product of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic anhydride having a PIB number average molecular weight of 1000 reacted with dimethylaminopropylamine to form an imide and then quaternized by reaction with methyl salicylate, provided in an aromatic solvent.

A G-ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprising 28 wt% vinyl acetate units and having a number average MW of about 3 to 4000, provided in an aromatic solvent.

A copolymer of vinyl acetate with diesters of fumaric acid and tetradecanol in an H-1:1 molar ratio, having a number average MW of about 21,000, provided in an aromatic solvent.

I (comparative) -copolymers of alpha olefins and behenyl maleate, provided in an aromatic solvent.

The C16/18 diester of a J (comparative) -C24/26 alpha olefin maleic anhydride copolymer, provided in an aromatic solvent.

C16/C18 alkylimide of K (comparative) -C14/C16 alpha olefin maleic anhydride copolymer, provided in an aromatic solvent.

A copolymer of vinyl acetate and a diester of fumaric acid and dodecanol at an L-1:1 molar ratio, having a number average MW of about 30,000, provided in an aromatic solvent.

A copolymer of vinyl acetate with a diester of fumaric acid and dodecanol at a molar ratio of M-1:1, having a number average MW of about 33,000, provided in an aromatic solvent.

Example 1

Fuel compositions were prepared by adding the amounts specified in tables 4 and 5 to the fuel compositions described below.

Compositions 1-10 were prepared in fuel 1, which fuel 1 was a middle distillate fuel composition having a specification corresponding to EN 590 and having the properties shown in table 1.

Compositions 11 and 12 were prepared in fuel 2, which fuel 2 was a middle distillate fuel composition having a specification corresponding to EN 590 and having the properties shown in table 2.

Compositions 13-16 were prepared in fuel 3, which was a middle distillate fuel composition having specifications corresponding to EN 590 and having the properties shown in table 3, blended with 7% by volume of fatty acid methyl ester to give a fuel having a cloud point of-9 ℃ and a CFPP of-9 ℃.

TABLE 1 Properties of Fuel 1

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TABLE 2 Properties of Fuel 2

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TABLE 3 Properties of Fuel 3

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TABLE 4

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TABLE 5

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Example 2

Fuel compositions 1-17 were tested in the short deposit test according to process a and/or process B. The results are shown in Table 6.

Process A

450g of base fuel was mixed with appropriate amounts of additives and the cloud point of the treated fuel was determined. 500ml of the treated fuel was transferred to a 500ml graduated cylinder and cooled to the test temperature in a climatic chamber or cooling bath and then held at that temperature for 16 hours. After this 16 hour period, the upper 80% and lower 20% of the fuel were separated and heated to redissolve the precipitated wax. The cloud points of the two fractions were determined. The Δ CP is recorded as the difference between the cloud point of the upper 80% and the cloud point of the lower 20% portion of the fuel.

Process B

150g of base fuel was mixed with the appropriate amount of additives and stored at 40 ℃ for 1 hour. Transfer 100ml into a 100ml graduated cylinder. The cloud point of the treated fuel was determined. The samples were cooled in a cooling bath/climatic chamber to the test temperature and then held at that temperature for 16 hours. After this 16 hour period, the appearance of the fuel and the amount of deposits were recorded. The upper 50% and lower 50% of the fuel were separated and the bottom 50% was stored at 40 ℃ for 1 hour and the cloud point was determined. Δ CP is recorded as the difference between the cloud point of the lower 50% portion of the fuel and the original cloud point of the pre-cooled fuel.