阅读说明：本技术 一种低刚度零件复杂表面高精度抛光装置 (Low-rigidity part complex surface high-precision polishing device ) 是由 李朝将 高瑞麟 金鑫 郑中鹏 石义官 曹也 于 2020-11-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种低刚度零件复杂表面高精度抛光装置,涉及精密表面处理技术领域,包括电源、驱动单元、电极和工作台；所述装置利用电化学机械抛光的方法；所述电极和所述工作台均与所述驱动单元传动连接,所述电极为可内充液的管状电极,设置于所述工作台上方；所述电源的负极与所述电极电连接,所述电源的正极与待加工工件电连接；所述电极通过自身旋转运动、上下往复运动和圆周摇动运动相结合的方式,可抛光不同尺寸的圆弧面、椭圆面及复杂表面。用所述装置对低刚度零件关键表面抛光,可提高零件尺寸精度和表面质量的一致性,提升零件整体加工的可控性。(The invention discloses a high-precision polishing device for a complex surface of a low-rigidity part, which relates to the technical field of precision surface treatment and comprises a power supply, a driving unit, an electrode and a workbench; the device utilizes a method of electrochemical mechanical polishing; the electrode and the workbench are in transmission connection with the driving unit, and the electrode is a tubular electrode capable of being filled with liquid and is arranged above the workbench; the cathode of the power supply is electrically connected with the electrode, and the anode of the power supply is electrically connected with a workpiece to be processed; the electrode can polish circular arc surfaces, elliptical surfaces and complex surfaces with different sizes in a mode of combining self-rotation motion, up-and-down reciprocating motion and circular shaking motion. The device is used for polishing the key surface of the low-rigidity part, so that the consistency of the size precision and the surface quality of the part can be improved, and the controllability of the integral processing of the part is improved.)

1. A low-rigidity part complex surface high-precision polishing device is characterized by comprising a power supply, a driving unit, an electrode and a workbench; the electrode with the workstation all with the drive unit transmission is connected, the electrode set up in the workstation top, the negative pole of power with the electrode electricity is connected, the positive pole of power is connected with waiting to process the work piece electricity.

2. The device for polishing the complex surface of the part with low rigidity and high precision as recited in claim 1, wherein the electrode is a hollow tubular electrode which can be filled with liquid, and the bottom of the electrode is provided with a plurality of small holes.

3. The device for polishing the complex surface of the part with low rigidity and high precision as recited in claim 2, characterized in that the outer surface of the front end of the electrode is sleeved with polishing cloth.

4. The device for polishing the complex surface of the part with low rigidity and high precision as claimed in claim 3, wherein the polishing cloth is a non-woven fabric.

5. The low-rigidity part complex surface high-precision polishing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the driving unit comprises a vertical sliding table, a rotary table, a motor and a horizontal driving table; the electrode is connected with an output shaft of the motor through a coupler, the motor is arranged on the rotary table, the rotary table is arranged on the vertical sliding table, and the workbench is arranged on the horizontal driving table; and a relative motion mode of rotary motion, up-down reciprocating motion and circular shaking exists between the electrode and the workpiece to be processed.

6. The device for polishing the complex surface of the part with low rigidity and high precision as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power supply is a direct current power supply or a pulse power supply.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of precision surface treatment, in particular to a low-rigidity part complex surface high-precision polishing device.

Background

With the vigorous development of military fields such as aerospace and the like, parts applied to important equipment gradually tend to be miniaturized, and as the size of key parts of the parts is continuously reduced, the key parts are usually only a few millimeters, the size precision is submicron grade, the shapes of the key parts are complex, and the key parts consist of shape characteristics such as a micro arc surface and the like, the micro parts usually have the characteristic of low rigidity. Because the dimensional accuracy and the surface quality directly influence the service accuracy and the service life of important equipment, the requirements on the surface roughness and the dimensional accuracy of key parts are high, and subsequent finish machining and polishing procedures are required. The existing cutting processing technology has the problems that the processing residual stress is large, the processing often causes large deformation, the processing requirements of dimensional accuracy and surface quality cannot be met, and the like. Therefore, the machining process of the low-rigidity structural part is complicated, and the machining efficiency is low.

The method mainly comprises the following steps of optimizing cutting parameters of the conventional machining process such as milling and boring main shaft rotating speed, feeding amount, back cutting amount, motion trail and the like through orthogonal tests and the like to reduce cutting force and surface roughness, simulating the cutting process, predicting the deformation amount, and compensating the motion trail of a cutter through a reasonable control strategy to reduce the part deformation. The second is to improve the rigidity of the workpiece without changing the structure and material of the workpiece, such as adding auxiliary support and the like. And the third is to change the existing process method and adopt new processing techniques such as electric spark grinding, electrochemical polishing, chemical mechanical polishing and the like.

Aiming at the traditional cutting machining mode, because the machining capacity of a common machine tool is limited, the high-precision part is often required to be machined ultraprecisely, and the cost can be greatly increased. The method for adding the auxiliary support has no universality for different low-rigidity parts, and the process is increased. Aiming at a novel machining process, the electric spark grinding machining method has the characteristics of high machining geometric precision, small surface roughness and high efficiency, but can inevitably generate thermal defects such as recast layers and the like on the surface of a part to influence the service performance of the part. The electrochemical finishing method is not limited by the hardness of the workpiece and can quickly obtain a smooth surface micro-profile, so that the electrochemical finishing method has wide application potential in the cross-scale precision forming of high-precision parts. However, for the surface of a critical part of a low-rigidity part, electrochemical polishing is generally to immerse the part and an electrode in a polishing medium integrally, and use metal removal and deposition through electrochemical reaction to achieve the purpose of removing a trace of stress-free material. Because the method for removing the material generally carries out electrolytic machining on the whole part, the processing pertinence of some important surfaces is reduced, and the like, so that the processing efficiency is low. In addition, because the flow rates of the chemical solutions on different surfaces of the part are different, the solubility of the polished surface of different parts of the workpiece is difficult to control, resulting in lower controllability of the machining process. The chemical mechanical polishing is a technology combining chemical action and mechanical action, has high polishing precision, is commonly used for global planarization of wafers, and has complex process and many influencing factors; in addition, a certain pressure needs to be applied between the polishing grinding head and the workpiece, and the polishing grinding head is not suitable for polishing parts with low rigidity.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-precision polishing device for the complex surfaces of low-rigidity parts, which can realize the polishing of complex surfaces with different sizes by an electrochemical mechanical polishing method of internal filling liquid and the shaking of electrodes, efficiently improve the surface quality of key parts of the low-rigidity parts and achieve the use standard.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

the invention provides a high-precision polishing device for a complex surface of a low-rigidity part, which comprises a power supply, a driving unit, an electrode and a workbench, wherein the power supply is connected with the driving unit; the electrode with the workstation all with the drive unit transmission is connected, the electrode set up in the workstation top, the negative pole of power with the electrode electricity is connected, the positive pole of power is connected with waiting to process the work piece electricity.

Optionally, the electrode is a hollow tubular electrode capable of being filled with liquid, and a plurality of small holes are formed in the bottom of the electrode.

Optionally, the outer surface of the front end of the electrode is sleeved with polishing cloth.

Optionally, the polishing cloth is a non-woven fabric.

Optionally, the driving unit includes a vertical sliding table, a turntable, a motor, and a horizontal driving table; the electrode is connected with an output shaft of the motor, the motor is arranged on the rotary table, the rotary table is arranged on the vertical sliding table, and the workbench is arranged on the horizontal driving table; and a relative motion mode of rotary motion, up-down reciprocating motion and circular shaking exists between the electrode and the workpiece to be processed.

Optionally, the power supply is a direct current power supply or a pulse power supply.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

1. the invention discloses a high-precision polishing device for a complex surface of a low-rigidity part. Different from the traditional electrochemical polishing method, the device utilizes the electrochemical mechanical polishing method, removes the workpiece materials dissolved by the electrochemical anode in a mechanical mode, has small processing stress, eliminates thermal defects in principle and improves the polishing efficiency.

2. The device selects the inner liquid filling type tubular electrode, the bottom of the electrode is provided with a small hole, the end part of the electrode is sleeved with a non-woven fabric, and the complex surface of the key part of the part can be processed in a targeted and controllable manner. The contact force between the electrode and the workpiece is calculated in real time by detecting the voltage value between the electrode and the workpiece, so that the proper polishing force can be controlled, the deformation of the low-rigidity part is reduced, and the surface quality and the machining precision of the arc surface of the key part of the low-rigidity part are greatly improved.

3. When the device is used for polishing the complex surfaces of parts, the electrodes can polish the complex surfaces of circular arc surfaces, elliptical surfaces and the like with different diameters in a motion mode of combining self rotation motion, up-and-down reciprocating motion and circular shaking, and the polishing device has high processing flexibility.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a complex surface high-precision polishing device for a low-rigidity part using a tubular electrode filled with electrolyte;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the electrode driving unit freely adjusting the swing angle according to the characteristics of the surface to be processed;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the movement of the electrode relative to the arc surface;

FIG. 3(a) is a schematic view of the combination of linear and rotational movement of the electrode;

FIG. 3(b) is a combined schematic diagram of linear motion, rotational motion and circular shaking of the electrode;

fig. 3(c) is a combined schematic diagram of linear motion, rotational motion and shaking motion along an arbitrary trajectory of the electrode.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a complex surface high-precision polishing device for a low-rigidity part with a tubular electrode filled with electrolyte for processing a thin-neck arc surface of a flexible joint;

wherein, 1-power supply; 2-a vertical sliding table; 3-a tubular electrode; 4-an electrolyte; 5-non-woven fabrics; 6-a workpiece to be processed; 7-a workbench; 8-rotating disc; 9-a motor; 10-horizontal driving stage.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The first embodiment is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a complex surface high-precision polishing apparatus for a low-rigidity part, comprising a power supply 1, a driving unit, a tubular electrode 3, an electrolyte 4, a non-woven fabric 5, a workpiece 6 to be processed and a worktable 7; the tubular electrode 3 and the workbench 7 are in transmission connection with the driving unit, the electrode 3 is arranged above the workbench 7, the negative electrode of the power supply 1 is electrically connected with the tubular electrode 3, and the positive electrode of the power supply 1 is electrically connected with the workpiece 6 to be processed.

In this embodiment, the tubular electrode 3 is internally provided with an accommodating cavity, the accommodating cavity stores electrolyte 4, and the bottom of the accommodating cavity is provided with a plurality of small holes. The tubular electrode 3 is externally sleeved with a non-woven fabric 5. The motor 9 drives the electrode to rotate to generate centrifugal force, the electrolyte 4 is sprayed out from the small holes at a uniform speed to soak the non-woven fabric 5 under the action of the centrifugal force, so that the workpiece 6 to be processed is only subjected to anodic dissolution at the position contacted with the wetted non-woven fabric, excessive polishing is prevented, and the controllability of the processing process is improved. The non-woven fabric 5 enables the electrode to be in soft contact with the workpiece 6 to be processed, prevents the surface of the electrode from being too rough and scratching the arc surface of the workpiece 6 to be processed, and can avoid the deformation of the workpiece 6 to be processed caused by the overlarge rigidity of the electrode. In this embodiment, the power supply 1 is a dc power supply 1.

In a further embodiment, the diameter of the electrode is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the processed arc surface of the workpiece 6 to be processed.

In the present embodiment, the driving unit includes an electrode driving unit and a horizontal driving stage 10. The electrode driving unit comprises a vertical sliding table 2, a rotary table 8, a motor 9 and a coupler and is used for driving the tubular electrode 3 to stretch into the micro arc surface or to be far away from the machined surface of the low-rigidity part 6. The electrode 3 is connected with an output shaft of the motor 9 through a coupler, the motor 9 is arranged on the rotary table 8, and the rotary table 8 is arranged on the vertical sliding table 2. The motor 9 can preferably be a three-phase alternating current asynchronous motor 9, and the rotating speed of the motor 9 is adjusted by a frequency converter. After the device is started, the motor 9 transmits the torque to the tubular electrode 3 through the coupler, so as to drive the tubular electrode 3 to realize the rotary motion.

The horizontal driving table 10 provided by the embodiment is preferably a cross-shaped track sliding table, the working table 7 is installed above the cross-shaped track sliding table, and the cross-shaped track sliding table can be driven by a servo motor or a stepping motor to drive the workpiece 6 to be processed to move to the plane designated processing position of the working table 7. In order to prevent the part from deforming caused by overlarge polishing force, the contact resistance value can be judged by detecting the voltage between the electrode and the part so as to monitor the polishing force in real time. Therefore, the movement of the cross track sliding table is controlled in a closed loop mode to maintain a constant voltage value, the deformation of the part 6 is reduced, and the controllability of the electrochemical mechanical polishing process is improved.

Because the low-rigidity workpiece 6 to be processed has various types, the surface positions of key parts are different, and the surface normal direction is not fixed. Therefore, the electrode can freely swing and adjust according to the position of the circular arc surface axis of the processed low-rigidity part 6 through the joint motion of the electrode driving unit and the horizontal driving platform 10, as shown in fig. 2, until the electrode 3 is coaxial with the circular arc surface axis to be processed, the electrode extends into the surface of the part 6 for processing.

In the present embodiment, the electrode 3 improves polishing efficiency and polishing precision by applying a single mechanical rotational motion to distinguish from ordinary electrochemical polishing. In addition, the tubular electrode 3 can solve the problem of uneven material dissolution caused by uneven spraying of the electrolyte 4 due to different small holes through the rotation motion. The electrode rotation speed is determined according to the final requirements of the surface roughness of the workpiece 6 to be machined. The faster the tubular electrode 3 rotates, the smaller the final surface roughness; the slower the tubular electrode 3 rotates, the greater the final surface roughness.

As shown in fig. 3, since the complex surface can be generally split into different kinds of arc surfaces, in this embodiment, there are multiple relative movement modes between the electrode 3 and the arc surface according to the different kinds of arc surfaces. For the inner arc surface having a curvature close to that of the electrode 3, as shown in fig. 3(a), the movement of the tubular electrode 3 with respect to the inner arc surface is a combination of up-and-down reciprocating movement and rotational movement, depending on the depth of the arc surface. As shown in fig. 3(b), the movement of the tubular electrode 3 with respect to the center of the outer arc surface is a combination of a rotary movement, an up-and-down reciprocating movement, and a circular shaking movement, depending on the depth of the outer arc surface. For a circular arc surface with a small curvature, as shown in fig. 3(c), the electrode 3 can be made to rock along a circular trajectory, rather than merely rotate about its own axis. By adopting the operation for different arc surfaces, the electrodes 3 with different diameters do not need to be processed every time, and the manufacturing time and cost of the electrodes 3 are saved, so that the efficiency of electrochemical mechanical polishing can be improved.

The power supply 1 provided by the embodiment is a direct current power supply or a pulse power supply, and aims to improve the electrochemical mechanical polishing precision and the processing efficiency.

Example two

This example electrochemically polishes the inner circular arc surface of the narrow neck of a typical military low stiffness part-flexible joint, requiring a surface roughness of less than Ra 0.2 μm and a narrow neck dimensional accuracy of less than 40 + -0.5 μm. And performing electrochemical polishing by using the device provided by the first embodiment.

After the electrolyte is configured according to the experimental data, the device provided in the first embodiment is assembled. The negative electrode of the power supply is connected with the electrode, the lower end of the electrode is wrapped by the non-woven fabric to cover the liquid spraying hole, and the positive electrode of the power supply is connected with the workpiece. Then, the power supply is switched on, and the driving unit induces the electrode to extend into the arc surface of the thin neck and controls the electrode to rotate and move up and down at a set speed. Obtaining a bright thin neck arc surface after a period of time, and detecting the roughness and the dimensional accuracy to meet the requirements.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.