阅读说明：本技术 一种高性能摩托车刹车盘材料及制备方法 (High-performance motorcycle brake disc material and preparation method thereof ) 是由 于军 于 2020-06-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：摩托车刹车盘材料要求具有高的机械强度,很好的耐磨性,低密度以及良好的散热性能。目前由可锻铸铁、灰铸铁、合金钢等单一材质制成刹车盘不能满足实际综合性能需求。本发明设计了一种高性能摩托车刹车材料,先制备成分为C：2-2.5％,Cr：4.0-4.5％,Mo：3.5-4.0％,V：8.5-9％,W：1-2％,Co：2-3％,余量为Fe的合金粉末,然后烧结成具有一定强度和孔隙率的多孔体,然后将多孔体熔渗铝合金得到致密的块体材料,再通过合适的热处理最终得到高性能的摩托车刹车盘,该材料微观组织呈双连通的结构,其中铁基合金可提供高的耐高温强度和耐磨性能,铝合金可提供高的导热性能和低密度,因此最终材料具有高的耐磨、高温强度、高导热和低密度等优异的综合性能。(The motorcycle brake disc material is required to have high mechanical strength, good wear resistance, low density and good heat dissipation performance. At present, the brake disc made of single materials such as malleable cast iron, gray cast iron, alloy steel and the like can not meet the actual comprehensive performance requirement. The invention designs a high-performance motorcycle brake material, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 2-2.5%, Cr: 4.0-4.5%, Mo: 3.5-4.0%, V: 8.5-9%, W: 1-2%, Co: 2-3 percent of Fe alloy powder and the balance of Fe alloy powder, sintering the mixture into a porous body with certain strength and porosity, infiltrating the porous body into aluminum alloy to obtain a compact block material, and finally obtaining the high-performance motorcycle brake disc through proper heat treatment.)

1. A high-performance motorcycle brake disc material and a preparation method thereof are characterized in that:

(1) firstly, preparing alloy powder by adopting an air atomization technology, wherein the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2-2.5%, Cr: 4.0-4.5%, Mo: 3.5-4.0%, V: 8.5-9%, W: 1-2%, Co: 2-3% of Fe, and the balance of Fe;

(2) secondly, screening the alloy powder with the components, and then pressing and forming the alloy powder with the granularity of 5-25 microns under the pressing pressure of 80-100 MPa;

(3) thirdly, sintering the pressed blank in a vacuum furnace at 1260-;

(4) step four, quenching the alloy porous body in a vacuum quenching furnace, wherein the quenching heating temperature is 1100-;

(5) fifthly, putting the porous body into a pressure infiltration furnace for infiltration of aluminum alloy, wherein the porous body is preheated before infiltration, the preheating temperature is 600-650 ℃, the preheating time is 60-90 minutes, the aluminum alloy is melted while preheating, the aluminum alloys with different brands are selected according to the difference of the speed per hour of the motorcycle, the speed per hour is lower than 90 kilometers per hour, the aluminum alloy with the brand of ZL101 is selected, the speed per hour is higher than 90 kilometers per hour, the aluminum alloy with the brand of ZL201 is selected, after preheating is finished, the melted aluminum alloy is cast above the porous body and then pressurized, the aluminum alloy can rapidly permeate into the pores of the porous body under the action of pressure, the infiltration pressurization pressure is 2-4MPa, the infiltration heat preservation and pressure maintenance time is 5-10 minutes, and then the aluminum alloy is cooled to below 300 ℃ along with the furnace and taken;

(6) Sixthly, performing heat treatment on the compact material obtained by infiltration, wherein the heat treatment process is determined according to the aluminum alloy grade, ZL101 aluminum alloy is selected, and the heat treatment comprises the following steps: firstly, heating the material to 495-plus-505 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, then cooling the material to room temperature by water, and carrying out aging treatment at 180-plus-185 ℃, wherein the aging treatment time is 3-4 hours; selecting ZL201 aluminum alloy, and performing heat treatment on the alloy: firstly, heating the material to 530 ℃ and 540 ℃, preserving heat for 6-8 hours, then cooling the material to room temperature by water, then carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ and 180 ℃, wherein the aging treatment time is 3-4 hours, and obtaining the finished product of the motorcycle brake disc after the aging treatment.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of brake materials, in particular to a high-performance motorcycle brake disc material and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The brake disc is a necessary part of all vehicle braking systems, is fixed on an axle and rotates together with a wheel, when braking, the brake block is pushed to the brake disc under the push of the jaw piston, and the rotating speed of the wheel is reduced through the friction force between the brake block and the brake disc, so that the aim of decelerating and braking the vehicle is fulfilled. Along with the acceleration of a vehicle, the brake disc bears the pressure and the friction of the brake block, and is abraded in the relative motion with the brake block, particularly when impurities such as sand and stone exist on a working road surface, the abrasion is more serious, and the service life of the brake disc is greatly shortened. Therefore, the material for manufacturing the brake disc has high mechanical strength and good wear resistance. The existing brake disc is usually made of single materials such as malleable cast iron, gray cast iron, alloy steel and the like, has poor strength and wear resistance and cannot meet the actual use requirement. In addition to the strength and wear resistance, the temperature of the brake disc and the brake pad is instantly increased due to the friction force during the braking process of the motorcycle, so that the brake disc is required to have good heat dissipation performance. At present, cast iron or steel motorcycle brake discs all have the problem of poor heat dissipation, and in order to increase the heat dissipation performance of the brake discs, a large number of vent holes are arranged on the brake discs, so that the overall mechanical property of the brake discs is influenced. In addition, the weight reduction of the brake disc is also the current development trend, and although there is a report that the ceramic friction disc is adopted to replace the steel friction disc to reduce the density and improve the wear resistance, the cost is high, so that the brake disc is difficult to popularize and apply on a common motorcycle. Therefore, the development of a brake disc with light weight, high heat dissipation, high strength and wear resistance to replace the traditional steel disc is urgent.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention designs a novel motorcycle brake disc material aiming at the problems of cast iron and steel brake discs at present, the material is composed of high-wear-resistance alloy steel and aluminum alloy, the microstructure is in a double-communication structure, the aluminum alloy can provide high heat dispersion, the density of the brake disc is reduced, and the alloy steel provides high strength and wear resistance, so that the prepared brake disc has excellent comprehensive performances of stable friction coefficient, high strength, good wear resistance, good heat conduction performance, low density and the like. The specific invention content is as follows:

(1) firstly, preparing alloy powder by adopting an air atomization technology, wherein the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2-2.5%, Cr: 4.0-4.5%, Mo: 3.5-4.0%, V: 8.5-9%, W: 1-2%, Co: 2-3% of Fe and the balance of Fe.

(2) And secondly, screening the alloy powder with the components, and then pressing and forming the alloy powder with the granularity of 5-25 microns under the pressing pressure of 80-100 MPa.

(3) And thirdly, sintering the pressed blank in a vacuum furnace at 1260-.

(4) Fourthly, quenching the alloy porous body in a vacuum quenching furnace, wherein the quenching heating temperature is 1100-.

(5) And fifthly, putting the porous body into a pressure infiltration furnace for infiltration of aluminum alloy, wherein the porous body is preheated before infiltration, the preheating temperature is 600-650 ℃, the preheating time is 60-90 minutes, the aluminum alloy is melted while preheating, aluminum alloys of different brands are selected according to the difference of the speed per hour of the motorcycle, the speed per hour is lower than 90 kilometers per hour, aluminum alloy of the brand ZL101 is selected, the speed per hour is higher than 90 kilometers per hour, aluminum alloy of the brand ZL201 is selected, after preheating is finished, the melted aluminum alloy is cast above the porous body, then pressurization is carried out, the aluminum alloy can rapidly permeate into pores of the porous body under the action of pressure, the infiltration pressurization pressure is 2-4MPa, the infiltration heat preservation and pressure maintenance time is 5-10 minutes, and then the porous body is cooled to below 300 ℃ along with the furnace and is taken out.

(6) Sixthly, performing heat treatment on the compact material obtained by infiltration, wherein the heat treatment process is determined according to the aluminum alloy grade, ZL101 aluminum alloy is selected, and the heat treatment comprises the following steps: firstly, heating the material to 495-plus-505 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, then cooling the material to room temperature by water, and carrying out aging treatment at 180-plus-185 ℃, wherein the aging treatment time is 3-4 hours; selecting ZL201 aluminum alloy, and performing heat treatment on the alloy: firstly, heating the material to 530 ℃ and 540 ℃, preserving heat for 6-8 hours, then cooling the material to room temperature by water, then carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ and 180 ℃, wherein the aging treatment time is 3-4 hours, and obtaining the finished product of the motorcycle brake disc after the aging treatment.

The invention has the advantages that: (1) firstly, preparing a porous iron-based alloy framework, and then infiltrating aluminum alloy to form a double-communication structure, wherein the communicated porous alloy can provide high-temperature-resistant strength and wear-resistant performance, and the aluminum alloy can provide high heat-conducting performance and low density, so that the prepared material overcomes the defects of a single material and has excellent comprehensive properties such as high wear resistance, high-temperature strength, high heat conduction and low density; (2) the designed iron-based alloy material can form a high-temperature tempered martensite structure through composition design and preheating and heat preservation treatment (preheating and heat preservation are equivalent to high-temperature tempering) before quenching and infiltration after sintering, and simultaneously, (V, W) C, (Cr, Fe) which is dispersed and distributed is precipitated in the tempered martensite₂₃C₆The size of the carbide hard phase is 1-2 microns, so that the alloy has excellent wear resistance and high-temperature strength; (3) the alloy component powder designed by the invention has low sintering temperature, and can generate partial liquid phase in the sintering process, so that the sintering strength is high, the communication performance after sintering is good, and the final material can be further ensured to have excellent high-temperature resistance and wear resistance.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

(1) preparing a motorcycle brake disc material with the speed per hour less than 90 km/h, firstly preparing alloy powder by adopting a gas atomization technology, wherein the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2%, Cr: 4.5%, Mo: 4%, V: 9%, W: 2%, Co: 2% and the balance of Fe; secondly, screening the prepared alloy powder, and then pressing and forming the alloy powder with the granularity of 2-25 microns under the pressing pressure of 80 MPa; and thirdly, sintering the pressed green body in a vacuum furnace at the sintering temperature of 1270 ℃ for 30 minutes to obtain the alloy porous body. Fourthly, quenching the alloy porous body in a vacuum quenching furnace, wherein the quenching heating temperature is 1150 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60 minutes, the quenching medium is oil, and after quenching, cleaning and drying the porous body, wherein the drying temperature is 150 ℃, and the drying time is 60 minutes. And fifthly, putting the porous body into a pressure infiltration furnace for infiltration of aluminum alloy, wherein the porous body is preheated before infiltration, the preheating temperature is 600 ℃, the preheating time is 90 minutes, the aluminum alloy is melted while preheating, the aluminum alloy is ZL101, after preheating is finished, the melted aluminum alloy is cast above the porous body, then pressurization is carried out, the aluminum alloy can rapidly infiltrate into the pores of the porous body under the action of pressure, the infiltration pressurization pressure is 2MPa, the infiltration heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 5 minutes, and then the aluminum alloy is cooled to below 300 ℃ along with the furnace and is taken out of the furnace. Sixthly, performing heat treatment on the compact material obtained by infiltration, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: firstly heating the material to 495 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, then cooling the material to room temperature by water, then carrying out aging treatment at 180 ℃, wherein the aging treatment lasts for 4 hours, and obtaining the finished product of the motorcycle brake disc after the aging treatment.

(2) Preparation of motorcycle brake disc material with speed per hour higher than 90 km/h

Firstly, preparing alloy powder by adopting an air atomization technology, wherein the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2.5%, Cr: 4.0%, Mo: 3.5%, V: 8.5%, W: 1%, Co: 3 percent. And secondly, screening the alloy powder with the components, and then selecting the alloy powder with the granularity of 5-25 microns to be pressed and formed, wherein the pressing pressure is 100 MPa.

And thirdly, sintering the pressed blank in a vacuum furnace at 1260 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes to obtain the alloy porous body. Fourthly, quenching the alloy porous body in a vacuum quenching furnace, wherein the quenching heating temperature is 1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60 minutes, the quenching medium is oil, and after quenching, cleaning and drying the porous body, wherein the drying temperature is 150 ℃, and the drying time is 60 minutes. And fifthly, putting the porous body into a pressure infiltration furnace for infiltration of aluminum alloy, wherein the porous body is preheated before infiltration, the preheating temperature is 650 ℃, the preheating time is 60 minutes, the aluminum alloy is melted while preheating, the aluminum alloy with the trademark of ZL201 is selected, after preheating is finished, the molten aluminum alloy is cast above the porous body, then pressurization is carried out, the aluminum alloy can rapidly infiltrate into the pores of the porous body under the action of pressure, the infiltration pressurization pressure is 4MPa, the infiltration heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 10 minutes, and then the aluminum alloy is cooled to below 300 ℃ along with the furnace and is taken out of the furnace. Sixthly, performing heat treatment on the compact material obtained by infiltration, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: firstly heating the material to 540 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8 hours, then cooling the material to room temperature by water, then carrying out aging treatment at 180 ℃, wherein the aging treatment time is 3 hours, and obtaining the finished product of the motorcycle brake disc after the aging treatment.