阅读说明：本技术 一种液体表面张力和粘滞系数测量的实验装置与方法 (Experimental device and method for measuring surface tension and viscosity coefficient of liquid ) 是由 姚星星 于 2020-03-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种液体表面张力和粘滞系数测量的实验装置与方法,属于液体表面张力和粘滞系数测量技术领域,包括光传感器组件、振荡发生器组件、盛水盘、高度调节机构、激光源、光照度计、游标卡尺、光屏、木质平台、刻度尺、游标、触发条、光传感器组件滑轨和导轨,所述木质平台的一端上表面通过光传感器组件滑轨滑动连接有光传感器组件,所述木质平台的中部上表面固定连接有盛水盘,所述盛水盘的一侧安装有高度调节机构,所述高度调节机构上连接有导轨,所述导轨滑动连接有振荡发生器组件,所述木质平台的另一端放置有激光源。通过水表面张力波的衍射,同时测量并确定给定水样品的表面张力和黏度。(The invention discloses an experimental device and method for measuring the surface tension and the viscosity coefficient of a liquid, belonging to the technical field of measuring the surface tension and the viscosity coefficient of the liquid. The surface tension and viscosity of a given water sample are simultaneously measured and determined by diffraction of the water surface tension wave.)

1. The experimental device for measuring the surface tension and the viscosity coefficient of the liquid is characterized by comprising an optical sensor assembly (1), an oscillation generator assembly (2), a water containing disc (3), a height adjusting mechanism (5), a laser source (6), a light illuminometer (7), a vernier caliper (8), an optical screen (9), a wooden platform (10), a graduated scale (12), a vernier (13), a trigger strip (14), an optical sensor assembly slide rail (15) and a guide rail (16), wherein the upper surface of one end of the wooden platform (10) is connected with the optical sensor assembly (1) in a sliding manner through the optical sensor assembly slide rail (15), the optical screen (9) is installed on the optical sensor assembly (1), the optical sensor assembly (1) is electrically connected with the light illuminometer (7), the optical screen (9) is connected with the vernier caliper (8), the water containing disc (3) is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the middle of the wooden platform (10), height adjusting mechanism (5) are installed to one side of flourishing water tray (3), be connected with guide rail (16) on height adjusting mechanism (5), guide rail (16) sliding connection has oscillation generator subassembly (2), oscillation generator subassembly (2) include scale (12), vernier (13) and trigger strip (14), scale (12) are located guide rail (16) lateral wall, vernier (13) and guide rail (16) sliding connection, the spring (14) that touches of oscillation generator subassembly (2) lower extreme extends to flourishing water tray (3) the surface of water in, laser source (6) have been placed to the other end of wooden platform (10).

2. The experimental device for measuring the surface tension and the viscosity coefficient of a liquid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trigger spring (14) is provided with a small hole (141), and the laser source (6), the small hole (141) and the optical screen (9) are positioned on the same straight line.

3. An experimental device for liquid surface tension and viscosity coefficient measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that a plastic cover (4) is provided above the wooden platform (10).

4. An experimental apparatus for measuring liquid surface tension and viscosity coefficient according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser source (6), the oscillation generator assembly (2) and the optical sensor assembly (1) are all connected with a direct current power supply (11), and the direct current power supply (11) is one or more of a storage battery and a socket.

5. An experimental device for liquid surface tension and viscosity coefficient measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower end of the wooden platform (10) is provided with bolts.

6. An experimental method for the measurement of the surface tension and viscosity of a liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing before experiment;

inserting a lead of the laser source (6) into a jack of the direct current power supply (11), and adjusting the laser source (6) to a special incident angle;

pouring 500ml of water measured by a measuring cylinder into a water containing tray (3), adjusting the vertical position of an oscillation generator assembly (2) through a height adjusting mechanism (5), placing half of a trigger strip (14) of the oscillation generator assembly (2) in the water, enabling a small hole (141) to be located above the water surface, moving the horizontal position of the oscillation generator assembly (2) along a guide rail (16), enabling a vernier (13) to be located at 8.0cm on a graduated scale (12), and adjusting the frequency of the oscillation generator assembly (2) to 100 Hz;

the horizontal positions of the wooden platform (10) and the optical sensor assembly (1) are adjusted in the horizontal direction by using an optical sensor assembly slide rail (15), and the vertical position of the optical sensor assembly (1) is adjusted by using a vernier caliper (8), so that a laser light spot accurately enters the optical screen (9);

s2: measuring an included angle theta between the laser beam and the water surface;

s3: determining the surface tension σ of a given water sample;

s4: the attenuation constant δ and the viscosity η of the liquid are determined.

7. An experimental method for liquid surface tension and viscosity coefficient measurement as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that in S2, the optical sensor assembly (1) is moved along the track in appropriate steps, the X-direction displacement and the corresponding displacement of the laser spot in the Y-direction are recorded, an X-Y diagram is drawn, and the slope thereof determines the θ -angle in degrees.

8. The experimental method for the measurement of surface tension and viscosity coefficient of a liquid as claimed in claim 7, wherein the amplitude of the sine wave is adjusted at S2 so that the reading of the illuminometer (7) is at a position and the displayed value is 100.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of liquid surface tension and viscosity coefficient measurement, in particular to an experimental device and method for measuring the liquid surface tension and the viscosity coefficient.

Background

Wave formation and propagation are very important and widely studied phenomena at the surface of liquids, and in 1979, g.weisbuch et al first proposed the use of surface waves of liquids to achieve light diffraction and thus establish an optical measurement of surface tension. When the wavelength is less than a certain critical wavelength λ c, only the surface tension may be considered.

Where σ is the surface tension, ρ is the liquid density, and g is the gravitational acceleration.

In the general range, the viscosity is used to describe the degree of viscosity of the liquid. In particular, viscosity is primarily used for characterization. In general terms, viscosity is measured by the resistance to the movement of an object within a liquid (rotational viscometer). If the object moves at a certain speed in the liquid with a large resistance, the viscosity of the liquid is relatively high, and vice versa. At present, the surface tension and viscosity of the liquid are measured, recorded and calculated by a single instrument.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an experimental device and method for measuring the surface tension and the viscosity coefficient of liquid, which can solve the problems in the background technology by measuring and determining the surface tension and the viscosity of a given water sample simultaneously through the diffraction of water surface tension waves.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an experimental device for liquid surface tension and viscosity coefficient are measured, includes light sensor subassembly, oscillation generator subassembly, flourishing water tray, height adjustment mechanism, laser source, illuminometer, slide caliper, light screen, wooden platform, scale, vernier, trigger strip, light sensor subassembly slide rail and guide rail, the one end upper surface of wooden platform has the light sensor subassembly through light sensor subassembly slide rail sliding connection, install the light screen on the light sensor subassembly, and light sensor subassembly electric connection has the illuminometer, the light screen is connected with slide caliper, fixed surface is connected with flourishing water tray on the middle part of wooden platform, height adjustment mechanism is installed to one side of flourishing water tray, be connected with the guide rail on the height adjustment mechanism, guide rail sliding connection has the oscillation generator subassembly, the oscillation generator subassembly includes scale, the slide rail is connected with the oscillation generator subassembly, The scale is located on the outer side wall of the guide rail, the scale is connected with the guide rail in a sliding mode, the trigger strip at the lower end of the oscillation generator component extends into the water surface of the water containing disc, and the laser source is placed at the other end of the wooden platform.

Furthermore, a small hole is formed in the touch spring, and the laser source, the small hole and the light screen are located on the same straight line.

Furthermore, a plastic cover is arranged above the wooden platform.

Further, the laser source, the oscillation generator assembly and the optical sensor assembly are all connected with a direct current power supply, and the direct current power supply is one or more of a storage battery and a socket.

Further, the lower extreme of wooden platform is installed the bolt.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an experimental method for measuring surface tension and viscosity coefficient of a liquid, comprising the steps of:

s1: preparing before experiment;

inserting a lead of a laser source into a direct-current power supply jack, and adjusting the laser source to a special incident angle;

measuring 500ml of water by using a measuring cylinder, pouring the water into a water containing tray, adjusting the vertical position of an oscillation generator assembly by using a height adjusting mechanism, placing half of a trigger strip of the oscillation generator assembly in the water, positioning a small hole above the water surface, moving the horizontal position of the oscillation generator assembly along a guide rail, positioning a vernier at 8.0cm on a graduated scale, and adjusting the frequency of the oscillation generator assembly to 100 Hz;

adjusting the horizontal positions of the wood platform and the optical sensor component in the horizontal direction by using the optical sensor component slide rail, and adjusting the vertical position of the optical sensor component by using a vernier caliper to enable a laser light spot to accurately enter the optical screen;

s2: measuring an included angle theta between the laser beam and the water surface;

s3: determining the surface tension σ of a given water sample;

s4: the attenuation constant δ and the viscosity η of the liquid are determined.

Further, in S2, the optical sensor assembly is moved along the rail in appropriate steps, the displacement in the X direction and the corresponding displacement of the laser spot in the Y direction are recorded, an X-Y relationship is plotted, and the slope thereof determines the θ angle in degrees.

Further, in S2, the amplitude of the sine wave is adjusted so that the illuminance meter reads in the a range and the display value is 100.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an experimental device and a method for measuring the surface tension and the viscosity coefficient of liquid, because the surface wave length of the liquid surface is far less than the surface tension wave of the critical wavelength, the surface tension is a characteristic of the liquid, the liquid surface is like a stretched film, when the surface is disturbed, the disturbance is spread like the wave formed on the film, the electric drive oscillator generates the wave on the water surface, when the laser beam glazes and strikes the surface waves at a certain angle, the surface waves are like a reflection grating, and a clear diffraction pattern can be generated; during propagation, the surface tension wave gradually attenuates and the amplitude gradually decreases, and the attenuation is caused by the viscosity of the liquid, which leads to the resistance of relative movement between adjacent liquid layers; the device can thus simultaneously measure and determine the surface tension and viscosity of a given water sample by diffraction of the water surface tension wave.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an experimental apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of the trip spring and surface position of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an experimental method of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 at B in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a graph of the X-Y relationship in the experimental method S2 of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an experimental method of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a light sensor assembly; 2. an oscillation generator assembly; 3. a water containing tray; 4. a plastic cover; 5. a height adjustment mechanism; 6. a laser source; 7. a light meter; 8. a vernier caliper; 9. a light screen; 10. a wooden platform; 11. a direct current power supply; 12. a graduated scale; 13. a cursor; 14. touching the clockwork spring; 141. a small hole; 15. a photosensor assembly slide rail; 16. a guide rail.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-3, an experimental device for measuring the surface tension and viscosity coefficient of a liquid comprises an optical sensor assembly 1, an oscillation generator assembly 2, a water containing disc 3, a height adjusting mechanism 5, a laser source 6, a light meter 7, a vernier caliper 8, a light screen 9, a wooden platform 10, a graduated scale 12, a vernier 13, a touch spring 14, a light sensor assembly slide rail 15 and a guide rail 16, wherein the upper surface of one end of the wooden platform 10 is connected with the optical sensor assembly 1 in a sliding manner through the light sensor assembly slide rail 15, the light screen 9 is installed on the optical sensor assembly 1, the light meter 7 is electrically connected with the optical sensor assembly 1, the light screen 9 is connected with the vernier caliper 8, the water containing disc 3 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the middle part of the wooden platform 10, the height adjusting mechanism 5 is installed on one side of the water containing disc 3, the height adjusting mechanism 5 is a lifting upright column of LWS-ZJ-1 type, the height adjusting mechanism 5 is connected with a guide rail 16, the guide rail 16 is connected with an oscillation generator component 2 in a sliding manner, the oscillation generator component 2 comprises a graduated scale 12, a vernier 13 and a touch spring 14, the touch spring 14 is provided with a small hole 141, the laser source 6, the small hole 141 and a light screen 9 are positioned on the same straight line, the wavelength of the laser source 6 is 635nm, the graduated scale 12 is positioned on the outer side wall of the guide rail 16, the vernier 13 is connected with the guide rail 16 in a sliding manner, the touch spring 14 at the lower end of the oscillation generator component 2 extends into the water surface of a water containing disc 3, the laser source 6 is placed at the other end of the wooden platform 10, a bolt is installed at the lower end of the wooden platform 10 and can horizontally rotate the wooden platform 10, a plastic cover 4 is arranged above the wooden platform 10, the plastic cover 4 is made of light-tight and wind-tight colored plastics, the light shielding and the influence on the experimental result are avoided, and the trigger bar 14 can be replaced by a probe, the laser source 6, the oscillation generator assembly 2 and the optical sensor assembly 1 are all connected with a direct current power supply 11, and the direct current power supply 11 is one or more of a storage battery and a socket.

Referring to fig. 4-7, in order to better demonstrate the flow of the experiment for measuring the surface tension and viscosity coefficient of the liquid, the present embodiment now proposes an experimental method for measuring the surface tension and viscosity coefficient of the liquid, which includes the following steps:

s1: preparing before experiment;

s101: inserting a lead of a laser source 6 into a jack of a direct current power supply 11, adjusting the laser source 6 to a special incident angle, wherein the laser source 6 is used for emitting a laser beam, the laser beam irradiates on a water surface wave to be diffracted, a diffraction pattern is presented on an optical screen 9, starting the laser source 6, positioning a reflected light point on an optical sensor assembly 1, and the optical sensor assembly 1 moves back and forth along an optical sensor assembly slide rail 15, wherein the laser light point moves vertically and does not form an included angle with the vertical direction, and if the laser light point is superposed with the center of the light hole in the optical screen 9, the indication of an illuminometer 7 is maximum;

s102: using a measuring cylinder to measure 500ml of water and pouring the water into a water containing tray 3, adjusting the vertical position of an oscillation generator assembly 2 through a height adjusting mechanism 5, placing half of a trigger strip 14 of the oscillation generator assembly 2 in the water, enabling a small hole 141 to be located above the water surface, moving the horizontal position of the oscillation generator assembly 2 along a guide rail 16 to enable a cursor 13 to be located at a position of 8.0cm on a graduated scale 12, adjusting the frequency of the oscillation generator assembly 2 to 100Hz, enabling the oscillation generator to move back and forth horizontally, indicating the position of an oscillation generator on the graduated scale 12 by an oscillation generator position pointer, and when recording data, putting down a cover curtain of a plastic cover 4 in order to protect the water surface from air flow;

s103: the horizontal positions of the wooden platform 10 and the optical sensor assembly 1 are adjusted in the horizontal direction by using the optical sensor assembly slide rail 15, and the vertical position of the optical sensor assembly 1 is adjusted by using the vernier caliper 8, so that a laser light spot accurately enters the optical screen 9;

s2: measuring an included angle theta between the laser beam and the water surface; moving the optical sensor assembly 1 along the rail by proper step length, recording the displacement in the X direction and the displacement of the laser point in the corresponding Y direction, drawing an X-Y relation graph, determining an angle theta according to the slope of the X-Y relation graph, wherein the unit is degree, and adjusting the amplitude of sine waves to enable the reading of the illuminometer 7 to be in the A gear and the display value to be 100;

s3: determining the surface tension σ of a given water sample;

from diffraction theory, it can be known that:

wave number k of surface tension wave 2 pi lambda_wλ w and λ L are the surface tension wave and the laser wavelength, respectively, angle γ is the angular separation of the central principal maximum and the 1 st principal maximum, the vibration frequency f of the surface tension wave is related to the wavenumber k

Where ω is 2 π f, ρ is the density of water;

fixing the light sensor assembly 1 at the far end of the wooden platform 10 by using screws, and selecting a proper measuring range of the illuminometer 7; the oscillation generator assembly 2, make its position cursor 13 point to 7.0cm of the horizontal graduated scale 12; setting the frequency of sine wave to be 60Hz, and adjusting the amplitude so that the main maximum of the 1 st level and the 2 nd level of the diffraction pattern can be clearly seen; measuring the distance L1 between the light hole of the light sensor and the outer edge of the water containing disc, when laser passes through the water surface, seeing a line, the center of the line is the laser incidence point, measuring the distance L2 between the point and the outer edge of the water containing disc 3, and calculating L1+ L2; measuring the spacing between 2 level 2 main maximums above and below the central main maximum and calculating x1 therefrom, recording data to gradually increase the frequency by 10Hz in appropriate steps, and repeating the measurement; selecting appropriate form of variable to draw appropriate relationship line, obtaining q value from its slope, and obtaining q value from data, and for appropriate integer value q, using equationTo andis f²Drawing a suitable relation line, and obtaining a value of sigma by the slope of the relation line, wherein rho is 1000 kg-m^－3；

S4: determining an attenuation constant δ and a viscosity η of the liquid;

the surface tension wave decays due to the viscosity of the water, the wave amplitude h decays exponentially with the distance s from the oscillation generator, so that h is h₀e^-δs；

Here h is₀Is the amplitude of the surface tension wave at the oscillation generator, δ being the attenuation constant₀In relation to the voltage V applied by the oscillation generator module 2: h is₀∝(V)^0.4The attenuation constant is related to the viscosity of the liquid,wherein eta is the viscosity of the liquid.

In summary, the following steps: the invention provides an experimental device and a method for measuring the surface tension and the viscosity coefficient of liquid, because the surface wave length of the liquid surface is far less than the surface tension wave of the critical wavelength, the surface tension is a characteristic of the liquid, the liquid surface is like a stretched film, when the surface is disturbed, the disturbance is spread like the wave formed on the film, the electric drive oscillator generates the wave on the water surface, when the laser beam glazes and strikes the surface waves at a certain angle, the surface waves are like a reflection grating, and a clear diffraction pattern can be generated; during propagation, the surface tension wave gradually attenuates and the amplitude gradually decreases, and the attenuation is caused by the viscosity of the liquid, which leads to the resistance of relative movement between adjacent liquid layers; the device can thus simultaneously measure and determine the surface tension and viscosity of a given water sample by diffraction of the water surface tension wave.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and its inventive concept within the technical scope of the present invention disclosure.