阅读说明：本技术 具有局部微螺纹/凹槽的非对称颧骨牙种植体 (Asymmetric zygomatic dental implant with local micro-thread/groove ) 是由 卡洛斯·阿帕里西奥 格雷厄姆·艾伦·布莱克比尔德 理查德·格雷厄姆·保克 于 2019-02-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：颧骨牙种植体包括大体上圆柱形的主体、内部螺纹孔和非对称外部特征。大体上圆柱形的主体具有冠状部分和顶端部分。大体上圆柱形的主体具有主中心轴线。内部螺纹孔形成在大体上圆柱形的主体的冠状部分中,用于容纳被配置成可移除地保持与所述颧骨牙种植体接合的基台的螺钉。内部螺纹孔具有孔中心轴线。非对称外部特征位于大体上圆柱形的主体的第一侧的至少一部分上,使得非对称外部特征被配置成直接接合患者的牙槽骨。非对称外部特征包括多个周向延伸的凹槽。(The zygomatic dental implant includes a generally cylindrical body, an internal threaded bore, and an asymmetric external feature. The generally cylindrical body has a coronal portion and an apical portion. The generally cylindrical body has a major central axis. An internal threaded bore is formed in the coronal portion of the generally cylindrical body for receiving a screw configured to removably retain an abutment engaged with the zygomatic dental implant. The internally threaded bore has a bore central axis. The asymmetric external feature is located on at least a portion of the first side of the generally cylindrical body such that the asymmetric external feature is configured to directly engage an alveolar bone of a patient. The asymmetric outer feature includes a plurality of circumferentially extending grooves.)

1. A zygomatic dental implant, comprising:

a generally cylindrical body having a coronal portion, an intermediate portion, and a apical portion for anchoring the zygomatic dental implant in a zygomatic bone of a patient, the generally cylindrical body having a main central axis;

An inner bore formed in the crown portion of the generally cylindrical body forming a circumferentially extending wall defined by at least a portion of an outer surface of the generally cylindrical body and at least a portion of an inner surface of the inner bore, the inner bore having a bore central axis angled relative to the main central axis of the generally cylindrical body, the relative angle of the bore central axes being such that at least a first portion of the circumferentially extending wall has a thickness that varies around the circumference of the first portion, the thickness of the circumferentially extending wall at the first portion varying from a thinnest portion adjacent a first side of the generally cylindrical body to a thickest portion adjacent a second opposing side of the generally cylindrical body, the inner bore having a threaded portion for receiving a screw, the screw is configured to removably retain an abutment engaged with the zygomatic dental implant;

an asymmetric outer feature located on at least a portion of a first side of the generally cylindrical body such that the asymmetric outer feature is configured to directly engage an alveolar bone of a patient, the asymmetric outer feature comprising a plurality of circumferentially extending grooves such that (i) a circumferential length of a first portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves decreases toward an apical end, (ii) a circumferential length of a second portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves increases toward an apical end, and (iii) each of a third portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves comprises a gap such that the gaps collectively define a non-groove region adjacent a thinnest portion of the circumferentially extending wall of the generally cylindrical body; and

A substantially planar feature on a second, opposite side of the substantially cylindrical body such that the substantially planar feature is configured to engage soft tissue of the patient, a portion of the substantially planar feature being parallel to a major central axis of the substantially cylindrical body.

2. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 1, wherein the plurality of circumferentially-extending grooves are parallel.

3. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of circumferentially-extending grooves forms a portion of a thread having a pitch.

4. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 3, wherein the tip portion of the generally cylindrical body includes external threads thereof for assisting in anchoring the zygomatic dental implant in the zygomatic bone.

5. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 4, wherein the external thread has a pitch.

6. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 5, wherein the pitch of the external thread is greater than the pitch of the threaded portion formed by the plurality of circumferentially-extending grooves.

7. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 1, wherein the angle of the central bore axis relative to the main central axis is a non-zero angle.

8. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 1, wherein the intermediate portion is unthreaded and substantially cylindrical.

9. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the length of the generally cylindrical body along the main central axis to the length of the asymmetric external feature along the main central axis is from about 2 to about 14.

10. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 1, further comprising a non-rotational feature configured to (i) non-rotatably engage the abutment, (ii) non-rotatably engage a fixation mount for installation of the zygomatic dental implant, or (iii) both (i) and (ii).

11. A zygomatic dental implant, comprising:

a generally cylindrical body having a coronal portion and a apical portion for anchoring the zygomatic dental implant in a zygomatic bone of a patient, the generally cylindrical body having a main central axis;

an internal threaded bore formed in the coronal portion of the generally cylindrical body for receiving a screw configured to removably retain an abutment engaged with the zygomatic dental implant, the internal threaded bore having a bore central axis; and

An asymmetric external feature located on at least a portion of a first side of the generally cylindrical body such that the asymmetric external feature is configured to directly engage an alveolar bone of the patient, the asymmetric external feature comprising a plurality of circumferentially extending grooves.

12. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 11, wherein the central bore axis and the main central axis of the generally cylindrical body are the same.

13. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 11, wherein at least a portion of the outer surface of the generally cylindrical body and at least a portion of the inner surface of the internal threaded bore together define a circumferentially extending wall.

14. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 13, wherein the central bore axis is angled relative to the main central axis of the generally cylindrical body, the relative angles of the central bore axes being such that at least the first portion of the circumferentially extending wall has a varying thickness around the circumference of the first portion of the circumferentially extending wall.

15. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 14, wherein a thickness of a first portion of the circumferentially extending wall adjacent the first side of the generally cylindrical body is thinnest.

16. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 14, wherein a thickness of a first portion of the circumferentially extending wall adjacent a second side of the generally cylindrical body opposite the first side is thickest.

17. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 11, wherein a portion of the plurality of circumferentially-extending flutes decreases in circumferential length apically.

18. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 17, wherein the ratio of the length of the generally cylindrical body along the main central axis to the length of the portion of the plurality of circumferentially-extending grooves along the main central axis is about 5 to about 35.

19. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 11, wherein a circumferential length of a portion of the plurality of circumferentially-extending flutes increases apically.

20. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 19, wherein the ratio of the length of the generally cylindrical body along the main central axis to the length of the portion of the plurality of circumferentially-extending grooves along the main central axis is about 5 to about 35.

21. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 11, wherein each of the portions of the plurality of circumferentially-extending grooves comprises a gap, such that the gaps collectively define a non-recessed region.

22. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 21, wherein the defined non-recessed region is adjacent a thinnest portion of a circumferentially extending wall of the generally cylindrical body, the circumferentially extending wall being defined by at least a portion of an outer surface of the generally cylindrical body and at least a portion of an inner surface of the internal threaded bore.

23. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 11, further comprising a generally planar feature on a second side of the generally cylindrical body opposite the first side, such that the generally planar feature is configured to engage soft tissue of the patient.

24. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 23, wherein a portion of the substantially planar feature is parallel to the main central axis of the substantially cylindrical body.

25. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 11, wherein an end of the first portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves tapers inwardly in an apical direction.

26. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 25, wherein the end of the second portion of the plurality of circumferentially-extending grooves tapers outwardly in the apical direction.

27. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 26, wherein a first portion of the plurality of circumferentially-extending flutes is more apical than a second portion of the plurality of circumferentially-extending flutes.

28. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 26, wherein one or more second portions of the plurality of circumferentially-extending grooves comprise a centrally-located gap defining the non-recessed region.

29. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 11, further comprising a non-rotational feature configured to (i) non-rotatably engage the abutment, (ii) non-rotatably engage a fixation mount for installation of the zygomatic dental implant, or (iii) both (i) and (ii).

30. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 11, wherein the asymmetric external feature is a shifted asymmetric external feature.

31. A zygomatic dental implant, comprising:

a generally cylindrical body having a coronal portion and a apical portion, said apical portion for anchoring said zygomatic dental implant in a patient's zygomatic bone, said coronal portion comprising a platform, said generally cylindrical body having a main central axis;

a non-rotating feature extending from the platform;

An internal threaded bore formed in the coronal portion of the generally cylindrical body for receiving a screw configured to removably retain a fixture engaged with the zygomatic dental implant for installing the zygomatic dental implant in a socket, the internal threaded bore having a bore central axis (i) perpendicular to the plane defined by the platform, and (ii) at a non-zero angle relative to the major central axis of the generally cylindrical body, the bore central axis intersecting the major central axis of the generally cylindrical body at a point in the plane defined by the platform; and

an asymmetric external feature located on at least a portion of a first side of the generally cylindrical body such that the asymmetric external feature is configured to directly engage an alveolar bone of the patient, the asymmetric external feature comprising a plurality of circumferentially extending grooves.

32. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 31, wherein the first portion of the plurality of circumferentially-extending flutes increases in circumferential length towards the apical end.

33. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 31, wherein the circumferential length of the second portion of the plurality of circumferentially-extending flutes decreases apically.

34. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 31, further comprising a substantially planar feature on a second side of the substantially cylindrical body opposite the first side, such that the substantially planar feature is configured to engage soft tissue of the patient.

35. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 34, wherein the substantially planar feature extends from the platform in an apical direction.

36. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 35, wherein the length of the substantially planar feature along the main central axis is from about 50% to about 75% of the length of the zygomatic dental implant.

37. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 31, in combination with the fixture, having a maximum outer diameter equal to or less than the maximum outer diameter of the zygomatic dental implant.

38. A zygomatic dental implant, comprising:

a generally cylindrical body having a coronal portion and a apical portion for anchoring the zygomatic dental implant in a zygomatic bone of a patient, the coronal portion comprising a platform, the generally cylindrical body having a main central axis;

An internal threaded bore formed in the coronal portion of the generally cylindrical body for receiving a screw configured to removably retain a fixture engaged with the zygomatic dental implant for installing the zygomatic dental implant in a bone socket, the internal threaded bore having a bore central axis (i) perpendicular to a plane defined by the platform, and (ii) at a non-zero angle relative to the main central axis of the generally cylindrical body, the bore central axis intersecting the main central axis of the generally cylindrical body at an intersection point that is no more than 0.5 millimeters from the plane defined by the platform; and

an asymmetric external feature on at least a portion of a first side of the generally cylindrical body such that the asymmetric external feature is configured to directly engage an alveolar bone of the patient, the asymmetric external feature comprising a plurality of circumferentially extending grooves.

39. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 38, in combination with the fixture, having a maximum outer diameter equal to or less than the maximum outer diameter of the zygomatic dental implant.

40. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 38, further comprising a non-rotational feature extending from the platform.

41. The zygomatic dental implant of claim 40, wherein the maximum depth of the internal threaded bore, including the depth of the non-rotating feature, is about 2.3 mm to 2.7 mm.

42. A method of installing a modified stock zygomatic dental implant in a patient's mouth, the method comprising:

selecting a stock zygomatic dental implant to be installed in the patient's mouth, the stock zygomatic dental implant having a length of 30 mm to 60 mm, the stock zygomatic dental implant comprising a generally cylindrical body, an internal threaded bore, and an asymmetric external feature generally located on a first side of the generally cylindrical body;

assessing soft tissue in the patient's mouth adjacent to the installation site; and

removing, based at least in part on the evaluating, a portion of the generally cylindrical body of the reserve zygomatic dental implant on a second side of the generally cylindrical body at a location opposite the asymmetric external feature, thereby forming a modified reserve zygomatic dental implant that facilitates reducing swelling of the soft tissue when the modified reserve zygomatic dental implant is installed in the mouth of the patient.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to prosthetic dental implants, and more particularly to zygomatic dental implants having asymmetric external features.

Background

Single tooth restorations (e.g., crowns) present unique requirements in that they must be non-rotatably supported on underlying structures (e.g., natural dental preparation, abutment/implant assembly, etc.). This non-rotational support requirement is met during the normal process of preparing natural teeth having non-circular cross-sections when the underlying structure is a prepared natural tooth. Similarly, when the underlying structure is an abutment affixed to a dental implant, this non-rotational support requirement is met by preparing and/or using an abutment having a non-circular cross-section. The latter situation may be further complicated by the increased connection between the dental implant and the abutment.

Typically, dental implants are implanted into the jaw bone (e.g., the maxilla and/or mandible) of a patient. While numerous design iterations have been sold, there are generally two types of dental implant-abutment interfaces in these components: (i) an external connection dental implant and (ii) an internal connection dental implant. The design of the external connection dental implant typically includes a hexagonal boss (or other anti-rotation feature) protruding from the upper surface of the dental implant, while the design of the internal connection dental implant typically includes a hexagonal socket (or other anti-rotation feature) extending downward and into the upper portion of the dental implant. In either dental implant (e.g., external/boss or internal/socket), the respective abutment engages the dental implant in a non-rotational manner and is typically secured thereto with a screw that engages an internally threaded hole.

In most restorative situations, the central or major axis of the dental restoration and/or abutment post is at a non-zero angle relative to the central or major axis of the dental implant. This is often the case due to the natural anatomy of most patients. In this way, after installation, natural forces (e.g., from chewing) generated in the mouth are transferred from the dental prosthesis (e.g., crown) to the abutment and then to the dental implant installed in the patient's jaw bone. Due to the angle between the central axis of the dental prosthesis and the central axis of the dental implant, this force also generates bending moments which may cause the abutment and the dental implant to separate, which may allow leakage into the dental implant.

One solution to mitigate the negative impact of such forces on the connection site between the abutment and the dental implant involves the use of angled dental implants. Angled dental implants typically include an angled mating surface (e.g., angled relative to the horizontal) for connection with an abutment and an angled threaded hole (e.g., angled relative to the vertical) for receiving a screw that holds the abutment at an angle to the dental implant relative to the center or major axis of the dental implant. While such angled dental implants help to mitigate the negative effects of natural forces at the connection site (between the abutment and the dental implant), the inclusion of such internal angled features within the dental implant generally requires the dental implant to have a relatively large sized outer diameter to accommodate such angled features therein. More specifically, the inclusion of such internal angled features may result in a portion or portions of the outer wall of the angled dental implant having a thickness that is substantially thinner than the remaining portion of the wall forming the angled dental implant. Thus, if the outer diameter of the dental implant is too small (even at only a relatively small portion of the angled dental implant), the angled abutment may be prone to fracture/bite/failure. Because of these limitations, angled dental implants are typically limited to having an outer diameter of at least 4.5 millimeters; however, such angled dental implants are generally not suitable for use in the anterior maxilla/mandible, as the anterior maxilla/mandible of many patients cannot support dental implants having such large outer diameters.

Furthermore, the back of the upper jaw has less bone than the lower jaw due to the anatomy of the skull. Tooth loss in some patients may also lead to bone loss. Once the tooth is lost, the bone begins to resorb (be resorbed back into the body). If the teeth have been missing for a long time, there is often insufficient bone left in the patient's mouth to fit the implant. In some cases, Sinus lift (Sinus augmentation) is performed when there is insufficient bone height in the upper jaw, or the Sinus is too close to the jaw. Many people who lose their teeth in their upper jaw (especially the posterior or molar teeth) do not have enough bone to place an implant. Sinus lift is a surgical technique for creating a bone window in the sinus. The healing time for the sinus lift prior to implantation takes about six months. One of the most common complications of sinus lift is perforation of the sinus epithelium (one layer of the "skin" of the sinus), which may be the result of sinusitis, excessive bleeding, and delayed healing. Zygomatic dental implants offer an alternative treatment option for sinus lift. Almost similar to the angled implant through the sinus, the zygomatic implant is a long implant that passes through the sinus or laterally through the sinus. When the tip of the transsinus implant is located in the bone between the anterior sinus wall and the nasal cortical bone, the zygomatic implant anchors itself into the zygomatic process for stability.

Dental implants, including zygomatic dental implants, typically have a roughened surface (e.g., threads). Studies have shown that osteoblasts (cells that develop osteogenesis) adhere faster to rough surfaces than to smooth surfaces. This property may also help osseointegration and direct the movement of specific cell types, and has the ability to directly affect cell shape and function. However, in some cases, when there is no bone, the patient's soft tissue is in direct contact with the roughened surface of the dental implant (e.g., with the threads). Such direct interaction between the soft tissue of the patient and, for example, the threads (e.g., micro-threads, micro-grooves, etc.) of the dental implant may cause irritation in the patient's mouth.

Accordingly, there is a need for zygomatic dental implants that reduce tissue irritation at the coronal end and also provide features that promote bone growth at the coronal end. The present invention addresses these problems and meets other needs.

SUMMARY

According to some embodiments of the invention, a zygomatic dental implant includes a generally cylindrical body, an internal bore, an asymmetric external feature, and a generally planar feature. The generally cylindrical body has a coronal portion, an intermediate portion, and an apical portion. The tip portion is used to anchor the zygomatic dental implant in the patient's zygomatic bone. The generally cylindrical body has a major central axis. The internal bore is formed in a crown portion of the generally cylindrical body. A circumferentially extending wall is defined by at least a portion of an outer surface of the generally cylindrical body and at least a portion of an inner surface of the internal bore. The internal bore has a bore central axis that is angled relative to a main central axis of the generally cylindrical body. The relative angles of the bore central axes are such that at least a first portion of the circumferentially extending wall has a thickness that varies around the circumference of the first portion. The thickness of the circumferentially extending wall at the first portion varies from a thinnest portion adjacent a first side of the generally cylindrical body to a thickest portion adjacent a second, opposite side of the generally cylindrical body. The internal bore has a threaded portion for receiving a screw. The screw is configured to removably retain an abutment engaged with the zygomatic dental implant. The asymmetric external feature is located on at least a portion of the first side of the generally cylindrical body such that the asymmetric external feature is configured to directly engage an alveolar bone of a patient. The asymmetric outer feature includes a plurality of circumferentially extending grooves such that (i) a circumferential length of a first portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves decreases toward the apex, (ii) a circumferential length of a second portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves increases toward the apex, and (iii) each of a third portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves includes a gap. The gaps collectively define a non-recessed region. The non-recessed region is adjacent a thinnest portion of the circumferentially extending wall of the generally cylindrical body. The substantially planar feature is on a second, opposite side of the substantially cylindrical body such that the substantially planar feature is configured to engage soft tissue of the patient. A portion of the substantially planar feature is parallel to a major central axis of the substantially cylindrical body.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a zygomatic dental implant includes a generally cylindrical body, an internal threaded bore, and an asymmetric external feature. The generally cylindrical body has a coronal portion and an apical portion. The tip portion is used to anchor the zygomatic dental implant in the patient's zygomatic bone. The generally cylindrical body has a major central axis. The internal threaded bore is formed in a coronal portion of the generally cylindrical body for receiving a screw configured to removably retain an abutment engaged with the zygomatic dental implant. The internally threaded bore has a bore central axis. The asymmetric external feature is located on at least a portion of the first side of the generally cylindrical body such that the asymmetric external feature is configured to directly engage an alveolar bone of the patient. The asymmetric outer feature includes a plurality of circumferentially extending grooves.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a zygomatic dental implant includes a generally cylindrical body, a non-rotating feature, an internal threaded bore, and an asymmetric external feature. The generally cylindrical body has a coronal portion and an apical portion. The tip portion is used to anchor the zygomatic dental implant in the patient's zygomatic bone. The coronal portion comprises a platform. The generally cylindrical body has a major central axis. The non-rotating feature extends from the platform. The internal threaded bore is formed in the coronal portion of the generally cylindrical body and is for receiving a screw configured to removably retain a fixture engaged with the zygomatic dental implant for mounting the zygomatic dental implant in a socket. The internal threaded bore has a bore central axis that is (i) perpendicular to a plane defined by the platform, and (ii) at a non-zero angle relative to a major central axis of the generally cylindrical body. The bore central axis intersects a major central axis of the generally cylindrical body at a point in a plane defined by the platform. The asymmetric external feature is located on at least a portion of the first side of the generally cylindrical body such that the asymmetric external feature is configured to directly engage an alveolar bone of the patient. The asymmetric outer feature includes a plurality of circumferentially extending grooves.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a zygomatic dental implant includes a generally cylindrical body, an internal threaded bore, and an asymmetric external feature. The generally cylindrical body has a coronal portion and an apical portion. The tip portion is used to anchor the zygomatic dental implant in the patient's zygomatic bone. The coronal portion comprises a platform. The generally cylindrical body has a major central axis. The internal threaded bore is formed in the coronal portion of the generally cylindrical body for receiving a screw configured to removably retain a fixture engaged with the zygomatic dental implant for installing the zygomatic dental implant in a bone socket. The internal threaded bore has a bore central axis that is (i) perpendicular to a plane defined by the platform, and (ii) at a non-zero angle relative to a major central axis of the generally cylindrical body. The bore central axis intersects a major central axis of the generally cylindrical body at an intersection point. The intersection point is no more than 0.5 mm from a plane defined by the platform. The asymmetric external feature is located on at least a portion of the first side of the generally cylindrical body such that the asymmetric external feature is configured to directly engage an alveolar bone of the patient. The asymmetric outer feature includes a plurality of circumferentially extending grooves.

According to some embodiments of the invention, a method of installing a modified stock zygomatic dental implant (improved stock zygomatic dental implant) in a patient's mouth includes selecting a stock zygomatic dental implant to be installed in the patient's mouth. The length of the reserve zygomatic dental implant is 30 mm to 60 mm. The reserve zygomatic dental implant includes a generally cylindrical body, an internal threaded bore, and an asymmetric external feature generally located on a first side of the generally cylindrical body. Assessing soft tissue in the patient's mouth adjacent to the installation site. Removing, based at least in part on the evaluating, a portion of the generally cylindrical body of the reserve zygomatic dental implant on a second side of the generally cylindrical body at a location opposite the asymmetric external feature, thereby forming a modified reserve zygomatic dental implant that facilitates reducing swelling of the soft tissue when the modified reserve zygomatic dental implant is installed in the mouth of the patient.

The foregoing and additional aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the detailed description of the various embodiments (examples) and/or embodiments (implementations) with reference to the drawings, a brief description of which is provided next.

Referring generally to fig. 1A, 1B and 2, the zygomatic dental implant 100 includes a generally cylindrical body 110, an internal bore 130, a non-rotating feature 150 and an asymmetric external feature 120. The generally cylindrical body 110 is generally divided into a proximal or coronal portion 112a, an intermediate portion 112b and a distal or apical portion 112 c. The tip portion 112c is used to anchor the zygomatic dental implant 100 in the patient's zygomatic bone. In general, the zygomatic dental implant 100 differs from other dental implants in that the zygomatic dental implant 100 is significantly longer than a non-zygomatic dental implant, such that the zygomatic dental implant 100 can be installed into the maxilla near and/or within the zygomatic bone 25 in the patient's mouth 10 (fig. 2). Zygomatic dental implants may be necessary for patients with resorbed and/or degenerated jaws (e.g., cancer patients) who are unable to provide the socket necessary for the installation of non-zygomatic or more traditional dental implants. In some embodiments, one or more zygomatic dental implants are installed in the patient's mouth (with or without one or more non-zygomatic dental implants) and connected to one or more abutments, bridges, rods, dentures, attachment members, or any combination thereof (e.g., bridges including dentures).

As best shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the zygomatic dental implant 100 includes an unthreaded middle portion 112B of the generally cylindrical body 110, the middle portion 112B being located between a coronal portion 112a and an apical portion 112c of the generally cylindrical body 110. The crown portion 112a includes an asymmetric exterior feature 120 about its exterior surface. Tip portion 112c includes external threads 113 around its outer surface. The tip portion 112c of the generally cylindrical body 110 includes two rows of a plurality of generally vertical flutes 118 spaced around the circumference of the zygomatic dental implant 100, the flutes 118 intersecting (e.g., breaking) the apical external thread 113. The slot 118 facilitates the installation of the zygomatic dental implant 100 by (i) and (ii): (i) self-tapping the zygomatic dental implant 100 into a patient's socket and/or (ii) providing a path for material ejected from a cavity (e.g., socket) that houses the zygomatic dental implant 100 during installation. More or fewer slots 118 are also contemplated.

An internal bore 130 is formed in the coronal portion 112a of the zygomatic dental implant 100. The internal bore 130 includes a female or internal thread 132 (fig. 4B) therein to threadedly mate with a screw (not shown) to retain an abutment (not shown) on the zygomatic dental implant 100. The non-rotating feature 150 generally protrudes from the crown portion 112a and is external to the internal bore 130 (e.g., at least external to the threaded portion of the internal bore 130). As shown, the non-rotating feature 150 is a hexagonal boss that is capable of non-rotatably mating with a corresponding non-rotating feature of an abutment in a non-rotating manner. Various alternative non-rotational features are contemplated, such as, for example, a four-sided square or rectangular boss (not shown), a five-sided polygonal boss (not shown), a twelve-sided polygonal/star-shaped boss (not shown), a three-piece clover-leaf boss (not shown), and the like. In some embodiments, the zygomatic dental implant is an internal connection zygomatic dental implant having an internal socket as a non-rotational feature rather than an external boss as with the non-rotational feature 150.

Zygomatic dental implant 100 has a main central axis X of the main body 110_{Mainly comprising}. Main central axis X_{Mainly comprising}Is defined as a straight axis/line passing through the geometric center and/or axis of symmetry of at least the apical end 112c of the generally cylindrical body 110 of the zygomatic dental implant 100. However, the main central axis X of the zygomatic dental implant 100_{Mainly comprising}Does not pass through (e.g., does not coincide with) an axis of symmetry of the coronal portion 112a of the generally cylindrical body 110. This is because the coronal portion 112a of the generally cylindrical main body 110 of the zygomatic dental implant 100 comprises an angled portion 114 (fig. 1A) that is angled and/or offset with respect to (1) and (2): (1) main central axis X of zygomatic dental implant 100_{Mainly comprising}And (2) the remainder of the generally cylindrical body 110 of the zygomatic dental implant 100.

The inner bore 130 has a bore central axis X_Hole(s). Bore center axis X_Hole(s)Is defined as a straight axis/line passing through the geometric center and/or the axis of symmetry of at least the internal bore 130 of the zygomatic dental implant 100. As best shown in FIG. 4B, the bore center axis X of the internal bore 130_Hole(s)Relative to the main central axis X of the zygomatic dental implant 100_{Mainly comprising} At an angle theta. The angle θ can be any angle, such as, for example, from about 7 degrees to about 65 degrees, or from about 40 degrees to about 65 degrees. As shown in fig. 4B, the angle θ is about 55 degrees.

The internal bore 130 forms a circumferentially extending wall 135 defined by the outer surface 119 of the generally cylindrical body 110 and an inner surface 139 of the internal bore 130. As best shown in FIG. 4B, the circumferentially extending wall 135 has a minimum thickness t_{w, minimum value}And a maximum thickness. The minimum and maximum thicknesses of the circumferentially extending wall 135 are a function of the size of the zygomatic dental implant 100, the inner diameter of the internal bore 130 (which may vary depending on the type/size of screw used to retain the abutment on the implant), the size of the asymmetric external feature 120 (e.g., pitch), the size of the internal thread 132 (e.g., pitch), and/or the bore central axis X_Hole(s)Relative to the main central axis X_{Mainly comprising}The angle theta of (a) varies.

It should also be noted that the minimum thickness t of the circumferentially extending wall 135_{w, most preferablySmall value of}And the maximum thickness may depend on the location at which the thickness is measured (e.g., the vertical location along the height of the zygomatic dental implant). For example, the minimum thickness t of the circumferentially extending wall 135 near or at the coronal end of the internal bore _{w, minimum value}Will differ from the minimum thickness t of the circumferentially extending wall near or at the distal end of the internal bore_{Minimum value of w}. In addition, the thickness of the circumferentially extending wall 135 surrounds the circumference of the zygomatic dental implant (e.g., around the main central axis X)_{Mainly comprising}Due to the inner bore relative to the main central axis X) is varied, due to the inner bore being rotated about the main central axis X_{Mainly comprising}At an angle theta. As an example, the zygomatic dental implant 100 is a 3.4 diameter zygomatic dental implant (nominal size) having an internal bore 130 with an angle θ of about 55 degrees. In this example, the minimum thickness t of the circumferentially extending wall 135 at or near the distal end of the internal bore 130_{Minimum value of w}About 0.08 mm adjacent to the first side 110a of the generally cylindrical body 110 of the zygomatic dental implant 100.

As can be appreciated from the above description and as best shown in FIG. 4B, the thickness of the circumferentially extending wall 135 surrounds the circumference of the zygomatic dental implant 100 (e.g., around the main central axis X)_{Mainly comprising}Due to the internal bore 130 relative to the main central axis X) varies, due to the internal bore 130 being in a different rotational position relative to the main central axis X_{Mainly comprising}At an angle theta. For a horizontal cross-section of the generally cylindrical body 110 at or near the distal end of the internal bore 130, the thickness of the circumferentially extending wall 135 extends around the circumference of the zygomatic dental implant 100 from (1) a minimum thickness t at or near the distal end of the internal bore 130 adjacent the first side 110a _{Minimum value of w}To (2) a relatively large and/or maximum thickness at or near the distal end of the interior bore 130 adjacent the second opposing side 110 b. Based on the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 4B of the zygomatic dental implant 100, (i) the maximum outer diameter of the generally cylindrical body 110

D_{Maximum value, c}(e.g., a nominal outer diameter of 4 millimeters) and (ii) a thinnest portion (e.g., thickness t) of the circumferentially-extending wall 135 adjacent the first side 110a of the generally cylindrical body 110_{Minimum value of w}) The ratio of 4 mm/0.08 mm, which is equal to 50.

In summary, the circumferentially extending wall 135 has one or more portions or segments with a relatively thin thickness compared to the rest of the circumferentially extending wall 135. It is these portions of the circumferentially extending wall 135 that are more prone to fracture/failure/bite when the zygomatic dental implant 100 is loaded (e.g., connected with an abutment and crown and used for chewing purposes in a patient's mouth). As best shown in fig. 3A, the zygomatic dental implants of the present disclosure can be machined at a relatively smaller outer diameter and/or at a relatively larger angle than previous dental implants, and such relatively smaller zygomatic dental implants can be used in patient's mouth areas requiring such smaller sized zygomatic dental implants, at least because the non-recessed region 125 (described below) of the asymmetric external feature 120 is located adjacent to the thinnest portion of the circumferentially extending wall 135.

Referring now to fig. 3A-5B, the coronal portion 112a of the generally cylindrical body 110 of the zygomatic dental implant 100 includes an asymmetric external feature 120, wherein the asymmetric external feature 120 is configured to directly engage an alveolar bone when installed in a patient's mouth. The asymmetric outer feature 120 includes a plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121. The plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121 may be continuous, intermittent, segmented, parallel to each other, angled with respect to horizontal, threaded, truncated threads, or any combination thereof.

Each circumferentially extending groove 121 has a circumferential length extending between its ends. For example, as shown in fig. 3A, a first circumferentially extending groove 123A has a circumferential length L defined as the distance between a first end 122a and a second end 122b of the first circumferentially extending groove 123A_g. In some embodiments, the circumferential length L of each of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121_gAre the same, different or a combination thereof. For example, as best shown in fig. 3A and 4A, the circumferential length L of the first portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121a_gDecreasing towards the top. The circumferential length L of the second portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121b _gIncreasing towards the top. In other words, the ends of the first portions of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121a are along the tipThe direction tapers inwardly and the ends of the second portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121b taper outwardly in the direction of the tip.

One or more of the circumferentially extending grooves 121 may include gaps that collectively form the non-groove region 125. As best shown in fig. 3A, the second circumferentially extending groove 123b has a gap 124. As shown, a third portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121c includes three grooves including gaps that form non-groove regions 125. More or fewer grooves may be considered in the third portion 121 c. As discussed above, the non-recessed region 125 is adjacent the thinnest portion of the circumferentially extending wall 135 on the first side 110a of the generally cylindrical body. As such, the minimum thickness t of the circumferentially extending wall 135 near or at the distal end of the inner bore 130_{Minimum value of w}Without further reduction by having a grooved or threaded region therein, having a grooved or threaded region may reduce the thickness of the circumferentially extending wall 135 too much, making the zygomatic implant 100 highly likely to fail when loaded. In summary, as best shown in fig. 4A, a first portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121a is formed furthest from the coronal end of the zygomatic dental implant 100. A third portion of the plurality of circumferentially-extending grooves 121c is formed closest to the coronal end of the zygomatic dental implant 100; a second portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121b is formed between the first portion 121a and the third portion 121 c.

In some embodiments, each of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121 forms at least a portion of a thread (e.g., forms a plurality of truncated threads). In some alternative embodiments, the threads (truncated threads) formed by the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121 and the tip external thread 113 are the same (e.g., the same pitch, the same cross-section, and/or the same number of starts, etc.). In other embodiments, the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121 and the apical external thread 113 are different. Various alternative threads, pitches, and proportions are contemplated, such as a multi-lead thread on the thread formed by the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121 and the top external thread 113 having the same or different pitches. As best shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the threads formed by the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121 and the top external thread 113 may be blended together (e.g., near the middle portion 112B) or separated and distinct (e.g., not touching).

In some embodiments, the thread formed by the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121 (around the coronal portion 112a) is a micro-thread and the external thread 113 (around the apical portion 112c) is a main thread 113, as the main thread 113 is for deeper primary engagement with bone. In such embodiments, the thread depth D from the main thread 113 (FIG. 1A) _{t, main}In contrast, the micro-threads (FIG. 4A) have a relatively small thread depth D_{t, minute}. Thus, if the thread depth D of the asymmetric external feature 120 is greater_{t, minute}Thread depth D with the apical external thread 113_{t, main}As large, the circumferentially extending wall 135 at the coronal end of the zygomatic dental implant 100 may be relatively thicker than it would be. With the circumferentially extending wall 135 being relatively thick, the zygomatic dental implant 100 is relatively strong. Furthermore, having a micro-thread (or groove) at the coronal portion 112a of the zygomatic dental implant 100 increases the ability to transfer loads to the patient's bone and also facilitates the osseointegration process.

In some exemplary embodiments, the thread depth D of the thread formed by the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121_{t, minute}In the range of about 0.05 mm to 0.4 mm, and a thread depth D of the apical external thread_{t, main}In the range of about 0.2 mm to about 0.6 mm. In some other exemplary embodiments, the thread depth D of the thread formed by the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121_{t, minute}In the range of about 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, and a thread depth D of the apical external thread_{t, main} In the range of about 0.3 mm to about 0.5 mm. For example, the thread depth D in the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121_{t, minute}About 0.15 mm and a thread depth D of the external thread of the tip_{t, main}About 0.45 mm.

As best shown in fig. 2, when installed, the first side 110a of the generally cylindrical body 110 of the zygomatic dental implant 100 is placed into engagement with the alveolar bone 15 of the patient. In addition, the zygomatic dental implant 100 includes an asymmetric external feature 120 and is placed on the first side 110a to provide roughness, which promotes bone growth. The plurality of circumferentially-extending grooves 121 do not all extend around the generally cylindrical body 110 (which contributes to the asymmetric shape of the asymmetric external feature 120), as the second opposing side 110b of the zygomatic dental implant 100 is typically in direct contact with the soft tissue 20 (not bone), and the inclusion of the plurality of circumferentially-extending grooves 121 on the second opposing side 110b may create an aesthetically undesirable swelling and/or irritation of the soft tissue.

According to some embodiments, the zygomatic dental implant 100 is customizable by a surgeon and/or clinician to modify the generally cylindrical body 110 according to the patient's anatomy (e.g., how many bones and soft tissues the patient has in the mouth with the soft tissues in direct contact with the coronal end 112a of the zygomatic dental implant 100). In some embodiments, the generally cylindrical body 110 of the zygomatic dental implant 100 includes a generally planar feature 160 on the second opposing side 110b, such that the generally planar feature 160 is configured to engage the soft tissue 20 of the patient, creating less swelling than would occur without the generally planar feature 160 (e.g., a generally cylindrical surface), which may contribute to thinning (e.g., a more aesthetically pleasing appearance) of the soft tissue. In some cases, the planar feature 160 is formed on the coronal portion 112a of the generally cylindrical body 110; in other cases, the planar feature 160 is a cut from the coronal portion 112a of the generally cylindrical body 110.

In some exemplary embodiments, the asymmetric outer feature 120 has an overall length along the major central axis of four millimeters to twenty millimeters. In some embodiments, a first portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121a, including the groove 121 having a circumferential length that decreases toward the apex, has an overall length along the major central axis of two millimeters to ten millimeters. The total length of the second portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121b including the groove 121 whose circumferential length increases toward the tip is two millimeters to four millimeters along the main center axis. The total length of the third portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121c including the gap 124 along the main central axis is two millimeters to four millimeters.

In some such embodiments, the ratio of the length L (fig. 1A) of the generally cylindrical body 110 to the length of the asymmetric outer feature 120 is about 2 to about 18. In some such embodiments, the ratio of the length L (fig. 1A) of the generally cylindrical body 110 to the length of the first portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121A is about two to about thirty-five. In some such embodiments, the ratio of the length L (fig. 1A) of the generally cylindrical body 110 to the length of the second portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121b is about five to about thirty-five. In some such embodiments, the ratio of the length L (fig. 1A) of the generally cylindrical body 110 to the length of the third portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121c is about five to about thirty-five.

Throughout this disclosure, reference is made to dental implants of various sizes. To identify the various dental implants of the present disclosure, the zygomatic dental implant may be referred to as having a nominal size. For example, the nominal size may generally or nominally refer to the maximum outer diameter or width of the zygomatic dental implant. The maximum outer diameter may refer to the maximum outer diameter D of the coronal portion 112a_{Maximum value, c}(FIG. 3B). For example, the zygomatic dental implant 100 may be referred to as a 3.4 mm dental implant, which is the nominal maximum outer diameter D of the coronal portion 112a_{Maximum value, c}. Nominally, this means the outer diameter D_{Maximum value, c}About 3.4 mm and not necessarily exactly 3.4 mm. About 3.4 millimeters means that the dimensions have a tolerance of about plus or minus 0.1 millimeters. As another example, the zygomatic dental implant 100 may be referred to as a 5.0 mm dental implant, which is the nominal maximum outer diameter D of the coronal portion 112a_{Maximum value, c}. Nominally, this means the outer diameter D_{Maximum value, c}About 5.0 mm and need not be exactly 5.0 mm. About 5.0 mm means that the dimensions have a tolerance of about plus or minus 0.1 mm. Various other nominal maximum outer diameter dental implants are contemplated, such as 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, and the like.

In some embodiments, the coronal portion 112a of the generally cylindrical body 110 has a maximum outer diameter that is relatively larger than a maximum outer diameter of the unthreaded middle portion 112b of the generally cylindrical body 110 and a maximum outer diameter of the apical portion 112c of the generally cylindrical body 110. For example, (i) the maximum outer diameter of the threaded crown portion 112a is about 4.1 millimeters, and (ii) the maximum outer diameter of the threaded apical portion 112c and the maximum outer diameter of the non-threaded intermediate portion 112b are about 3.2 millimeters to about 4 millimeters. Alternatively, the maximum outside diameter of the threaded apical section 112c and the maximum outside diameter of the non-threaded intermediate section 112b are the same or about the same as the maximum outside diameter of the threaded coronal section 112 a.

A method of installing a zygomatic dental implant 100, a zygomatic dental implant 300 (described below), or a zygomatic dental implant 400 (described below), or any zygomatic dental implant, in a patient's mouth is now described according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Initially, a surgeon or clinician evaluates a patient's anatomy (e.g., mouth, bone, soft tissue, X-ray, CT scan, etc.) and selects a zygomatic dental implant 100, 300, 400 based at least in part on the evaluation (e.g., from a set of zygomatic dental implants). The selected zygomatic dental implant 100, 300, 400 has a diameter and length suitable for the patient. In some embodiments, the length of the selected zygomatic dental implant 1100, 300, 400 to be installed in the patient's mouth is 30 mm to 60 mm. In addition, the surgeon and/or clinician assesses the soft tissue in the patient's mouth adjacent to the installation site of the zygomatic dental implant 100, 300, 400. Specifically, for the zygomatic dental implant 100, 300, the surgeon and/or clinician evaluates to determine whether the substantially planar feature 160, 360 should be further modified (e.g., shaved, cut, added/created, etc., or any combination) such that the soft tissue has an aesthetically pleasing appearance with the zygomatic dental implant 100, 300 installed. Then, based at least in part on the soft tissue assessment, the surgeon and/or clinician modifies the generally cylindrical body 110, 310 of the zygomatic dental implant 100, 300 on the second side 110B, 310B of the generally cylindrical body 110, 310 (fig. 4B for implant 100, and fig. 7C for implant 300) to form a modified form of the zygomatic dental implant 100, 300 that, when installed in the patient's mouth, helps create an aesthetically pleasing gingival appearance (e.g., reduce swelling of soft tissue, increase swelling of soft tissue, change shape/contour/edge of gingival tissue, etc.).

Although the asymmetric outer feature 120 and the opposing substantially planar feature 160 shown in fig. 1A-5B have a major central axis X about the substantially cylindrical body 110_{Mainly comprising}Particular orientations and locations, but it is contemplated that in some alternative embodiments, the asymmetric outer feature 120 and/or the opposing substantially planar feature 160 may surround the major central axis X of the substantially cylindrical body 110_{Mainly comprising}Rotated such that the asymmetric external feature 120 and/or the opposing generally planar feature 160 have different orientations and/or positions relative to the internal bore 130 and the non-rotational feature 150 of the zygomatic dental implant 100.

For example, in some such alternative embodiments, the asymmetric outer features 120 and/or the opposing substantially planar features 160 are centered about the major central axis X of the substantially cylindrical body 110 relative to their positions shown in fig. 1A-5B_{Mainly comprising}About five degrees clockwise or counterclockwise, about ten degrees clockwise or counterclockwise, about fifteen degrees clockwise or counterclockwise, about twenty-five degrees clockwise or counterclockwise, about forty-five degrees clockwise or counterclockwise, about sixty degrees clockwise or counterclockwise, about seventy-five degrees clockwise or counterclockwise, about ninety degrees clockwise or counterclockwise, or any amount/degree therebetween.

Specific examples of such alternatives are shown in fig. 6A-6D. As shown, the zygomatic dental implant 200 is the same as or similar to the zygomatic dental implant 100, with like reference numerals being used for like elements, except that the asymmetric external feature 120 and the opposing generally planar feature 160 of the zygomatic dental implant 200 surround the main central axis X of the generally cylindrical body 110 as compared to the orientation and position of the asymmetric external feature 120 and the opposing generally planar feature 160 of the zygomatic dental implant 100 (FIGS. 1A-5B)_{Mainly comprising}Rotated about ninety degrees. In addition, because of the zygomatic bone and the tooth speciesThe implant 200 is an angled dental implant, the circumferential length L of the one or more circumferentially extending flutes 121 of the asymmetric external feature 120_gModified to fit around the angled face at the coronal end. As best shown in fig. 6A, the three most crowned of the circumferentially extending grooves 121 are shortened by a sufficient amount compared to the immediately more apical grooves 121 such that the non-recessed region 125 remains adjacent to the thinnest portion of the circumferentially extending wall 135. The groove 121 may be more or less shortened to maintain the non-recessed area 125 for at least the reasons discussed above.

The zygomatic dental implant 100 described above and shown in fig. 1A-5B includes an asymmetric external feature 120 generally located on the dorsal or posterior portion of the generally cylindrical body 110, and an opposing generally planar feature 160 generally located on the anterior portion of the generally cylindrical body 110, wherein the anterior portion is defined by the direction in which the non-rotational feature 150 faces or points. Such an oriented zygomatic dental implant 100 with an asymmetric external feature 120 and a generally planar feature 160 may be referred to as a zygomatic dental implant with a non-displaced asymmetric external feature.

The zygomatic dental implant 200 described above and shown in fig. 6A-6D includes the asymmetric external feature 120 generally located on one side of the generally cylindrical body 110, and the opposing generally planar feature 160 generally located on the opposite side of the generally cylindrical body 110, with the anterior portion defined by the direction in which the non-rotating feature 150 faces or points. This oriented zygomatic dental implant 200 with asymmetric external features 120 and generally planar features 160 may be referred to as a zygomatic dental implant with shifted asymmetric external features.

Referring generally to fig. 7A-7C, the zygomatic dental implant 300 includes a generally cylindrical body 310, an internal threaded bore 330, a non-rotating feature 350, and an asymmetric external feature 320. The generally cylindrical body 310 has a first side 310a and a second opposite side 310 b. The generally cylindrical body 310 may also be generally divided into a proximal or coronal portion 312a, an intermediate portion 312b, and a distal or apical portion 312 c. The tip portion 312c is used to anchor the zygomatic dental implant 300 in the patient's zygomatic bone.

In some embodiments, the generally cylindrical body 310 of the zygomatic dental implant 300 includes a generally planar feature 360 on the second opposing side 310b, such that the generally planar feature 360 is configured to engage the soft tissue of the patient (e.g., similar to how the generally planar feature 160 engages the soft tissue 20 in fig. 2), resulting in less swelling than without the generally planar feature 360 (e.g., the generally cylindrical surface), which may help to cause thinning of the soft tissue (e.g., a more aesthetically pleasing appearance).

The zygomatic dental implant 300 generally differs from other dental implants in that the zygomatic dental implant 300 is significantly longer than the non-zygomatic dental implant, such that the zygomatic dental implant 300 can be installed in the same or similar manner as the zygomatic dental implant 100 shown in fig. 2 near the zygomatic bone and/or in the maxilla within the zygomatic bone in the patient's mouth. The zygomatic dental implant 300 is identical or similar in many respects to the zygomatic dental implant 100; however, the zygomatic dental implant 300 differs from the zygomatic dental implant 100 mainly in that: (1) the generally planar feature 360 of the zygomatic implant 300 extends relatively farther apically (e.g., from the coronal portion 312a to the apical portion 312c) than the generally planar feature 160 of the zygomatic implant 100; and (2) the asymmetric external features 320 of the zygomatic dental implant 300 do not include a non-recessed area like the non-recessed area 125 of the zygomatic dental implant 100.

As shown in fig. 7A-7C, the zygomatic dental implant 300 includes an unthreaded middle portion 312b of the generally cylindrical body 310 located between a coronal portion 312a and an apical portion 312C of the generally cylindrical body 310. Alternatively, all or a portion of the non-threaded middle portion 312b may include one or more threads, grooves, protrusions, or any combination thereof.

The crown portion 312a includes an asymmetric outer feature 320 about its outer surface, the outer feature 320 including a plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 321. The asymmetric external feature 320 and the plurality of circumferentially-extending flutes 321 are the same as or similar to the asymmetric external feature 120 and the plurality of circumferentially-extending flutes 121 of the zygomatic dental implant 100 described above, except that the asymmetric external feature 320 does not include a non-fluted region similar to the non-fluted region 125 of the zygomatic dental implant 100. According to some such embodiments, the zygomatic dental implant 300 does not include a non-recessed area because the zygomatic dental implant 300 has a relatively larger diameter than the zygomatic dental implant 100 such that the floor 331 (fig. 7C) of the internal threaded hole 330 is sufficiently spaced from the outer surface of the first side 310a of the zygomatic dental implant 300. In other words, the circumferentially extending wall 335 formed by the internal threaded bore 330 (which is the same as or similar to the circumferentially extending wall 135) (fig. 7C) has a minimum thickness sufficient to allow the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 321 to extend along the first side 310a and adjacent the bottom of the internal threaded bore 330 without being prone to fracture/seize/fail.

In some embodiments, the circumferential length L of each of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 321_gAre the same, different or a combination thereof. For example, as best shown in fig. 7B and 9A, the circumferential length L of the first portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 321a_gTapering apically in the same or similar manner as the first portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121 a. The circumferential length L of the second portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 321b_gIncreasing apically in the same or similar manner as the first portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 121 b. In other words, the ends of the first portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 321a taper inwardly in the tip direction, and the ends of the second portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 321b taper outwardly in the tip direction.

The tip portion 312c includes external threads 313 around its outer surface, the external threads 313 being the same as or similar to the external threads 113 of the zygomatic dental implant 100. The tip portion 312c of the generally cylindrical body 310 includes a row 317 of generally vertical flutes 318 spaced around the circumference of the zygomatic dental implant 300 that intersect (e.g., break) with the tip external threads 313. The groove 318 aids in the installation of the zygomatic dental implant 300 by (i) and (ii): (i) self-tapping the zygomatic implant 300 into the patient's socket and/or (ii) providing a path for material ejected from the cavity (e.g., socket) in which the zygomatic implant 300 is received during installation. More or fewer flutes 318 in a single row and/or in one or more additional rows (e.g., as discussed above in connection with the two rows of flutes 118 in the zygomatic implant 100) are also contemplated.

An internal threaded bore 330 is formed in the coronal portion 312a of the zygomatic dental implant 300, which is the same as or similar to the internal bore 130 of the zygomatic dental implant 100 described above. The internal threaded bore 330 includes female or internal threads 332 therein to threadedly mate with the first screw 602a (shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B) to retain an abutment (not shown) and/or a first fixture 601a (shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B and described below) on the zygomatic dental implant 300. The internally threaded bore 330 has a maximum depth D_{Maximum value}. In some embodiments, the maximum depth D_{Maximum value}About 2.3 mm to 2.7 mm. In some embodiments, the maximum depth D_{Maximum value}About 1.5 millimeters, 1.6 millimeters, 1.7 millimeters, 1.8 millimeters, 1.9 millimeters, 2.0 millimeters, 2.1 millimeters, 2.2 millimeters, 2.3 millimeters, 2.4 millimeters, 2.5 millimeters, 2.6 millimeters, 2.7 millimeters, 2.8 millimeters, 2.9 millimeters, or 3.0 millimeters. As shown, the maximum depth D_{Maximum value}Shown as including the depth of the non-rotating feature 350. Alternatively, the maximum depth D_{Maximum value}Not including the depth of the non-rotating features 350. Maximum depth D_{Maximum value}Selected to work with standard screws that mate with components of the zygomatic dental implant 300, such as, for example, abutments, fixtures, tools, crowns, dentures, etc. If the maximum depth D _{Maximum value}Not large enough to accommodate the standard length screws that are typically provided with components that mate with the zygomatic dental implant 300, the screws provided will not work (e.g., the screws may bottom out causing the heads of the screws to not yet fully engage/set). Thus, in view of the length of a standard screw provided with an assembly cooperating with a zygomatic dental implant, it may be desirable to select the maximum depth D of the zygomatic dental implant_{Maximum value}. According to some embodiments, the screw provided with the component cooperating with the zygomatic dental implant has a length of about 3 mm to about 4 mm. Alternatively, a relatively short screw may be used to work with a relatively short threaded hole.

The non-rotating feature 350 generally protrudes from the coronal portion 312a and is external to the internal threaded bore 330, and is the same as or similar to the non-rotating feature 150 of the zygomatic dental implant 100 described above.

The substantially cylindrical main body 310 of the zygomatic dental implant 300 has a main central axis X_{Mainly comprising}(FIG. 7C). Main central axis X_{Mainly comprising}Is defined as a straight axis/line passing through the geometric center and/or the axis of symmetry of at least the tip portion 312c of the generally cylindrical body 310 of the zygomatic dental implant 300. However, the main central axis X of the zygomatic dental implant 300 _{Mainly comprising}Does not pass through (e.g., does not coincide with) an axis of symmetry of the coronal portion 312a of the generally cylindrical body 310. This is because the coronal portion 312a of the generally cylindrical main body 310 of the zygomatic dental implant 300 includes an angled portion 314 (best shown in fig. 7A) that is angled and/or offset with respect to (1) and (2): (1) main central axis X of zygomatic dental implant 300_{Mainly comprising}And (2) the remainder of the generally cylindrical main body 310 of the zygomatic dental implant 300. The angled portion 314 is commonly referred to as a platform for the zygomatic dental implant 300. The angled portion 314 is the same as or similar to the angled portion 114 of the zygomatic dental implant 100.

As best shown in FIG. 7C, the internally threaded bore 330 has a bore central axis X_Hole(s). Bore center axis X_Hole(s)A straight axis/line defined through the geometric center and/or the axis of symmetry of at least the internal threaded hole 330 of the zygomatic dental implant 300. Bore center axis X of internally threaded bore 330_Hole(s)Relative to the main central axis X of the zygomatic dental implant 300_{Mainly comprising}At an angle theta. The angle θ can be any angle, such as, for example, about 7 degrees to about 65 degrees, or about 40 degrees to about 65 degrees. As shown in fig. 7C, the angle θ is about 55 degrees.

Main central axis X_{Mainly comprising}And a bore central axis X_Hole(s)At point I (fig. 7C). As shown, point I is generally located along a plane P (FIGS. 7A and 7C) defined by the angled portion or platform 314 of the zygomatic dental implant 300. Due to the relative positions of the internal threaded bore 330 and the non-rotating feature 350 in the coronal portion 312a of the zygomatic dental implant 300, at point I along plane PThe position of the intersection is determined. If the internal threaded bore 330 and the non-rotating feature 350 are moved relatively upwardly or coronally, the intersection point I will also be moved relatively upwardly or coronally. In some embodiments, the main central axis X for the zygomatic dental implant 300_{Mainly comprising}And the hole central axis X_Hole(s)Is spaced from plane P by no more than about 0.8 millimeters, no more than about 0.7 millimeters, no more than about 0.6 millimeters, no more than about 0.5 millimeters, no more than about 0.4 millimeters, no more than about 0.3 millimeters, no more than about 0.2 millimeters, no more than about 0.1 millimeters, no more than about 0.05 millimeters, or no more than about 0.025 millimeters. In some embodiments, a main central axis X for the zygomatic dental implant 300_{Mainly comprising}And the central axis X of the hole_Hole(s)Is spaced from plane P by about 0.0 mm to about 0.8 mm, about 0.0 mm to about 0.6 mm, about 0.0 mm to about 0.5 mm, about 0.0 mm to about 0.3 mm, about 0.0 mm to about 0.1 mm. Note that if the intersection point I were to be moved upward or coronal (not shown) on the zygomatic implant 300 to prevent the internal threaded hole 330 (not shown) of this modified form of the zygomatic implant 300 from protruding through the first side 310a of the generally cylindrical body 310, the depth of the internal threaded hole 330 would need to be relatively short (a relatively short screw would be required for any mating component). Alternatively or additionally, the coronal portion 312a or head of such modified form of the zygomatic implant 300 may be enlarged (e.g., having at least a portion of relatively larger outer diameter) to accommodate a relatively higher or more coronal internal threaded bore 330, such as the coronal portion 512a of the zygomatic implant 500 shown in fig. 9E and 9F, for example.

In some exemplary embodiments, the asymmetric exterior feature 320 has an overall length along the major central axis of four millimeters to twenty millimeters. In some embodiments, a first portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 321a, including the groove 321 having a circumferential length that decreases apically, has an overall length along the primary central axis of from two millimeters to ten millimeters. The second portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 321b including the groove 321 whose circumferential length increases toward the tip has a total length along the main central axis of two millimeters to ten millimeters.

In some such embodiments, the ratio of the length L (fig. 7C) of the generally cylindrical body 310 to the length of the asymmetric external feature 320 is about two to about eighteen. In some such embodiments, the ratio of the length L (fig. 7C) of the generally cylindrical body 310 to the length of the first portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 321a is about two to about thirty-five. In some such embodiments, the ratio of the length L (fig. 7C) of the generally cylindrical body 310 to the length of the second portion of the plurality of circumferentially-extending grooves 321b is about two to about thirty-five.

The zygomatic dental implant 300 may be referred to as a 4.3 mm dental implant, which is the nominal maximum outer diameter of the crown 312 a. The nominal maximum outer diameter of the middle and tip portions 312b and 312c is 3.4 millimeters. Various other nominal maximum outer diameters of the crown portion 312a are contemplated for use with the zygomatic dental implant 300, such as, for example, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, etc., or any dimension therebetween. Similarly, various other nominal maximum outer diameters of the middle and tip portions 312b and 312c are contemplated for the zygomatic dental implant 300, such as, for example, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, etc., or any dimension in between.

In some embodiments, the coronal portion 312a of the generally cylindrical body 310 has a maximum outer diameter that is relatively greater than a maximum outer diameter of the unthreaded middle portion 312b of the generally cylindrical body 310 and a maximum outer diameter of the apical portion 312c of the generally cylindrical body 310. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the maximum outer diameter of the coronal portion 312a of the generally cylindrical body 310 may be the same as or similar to the maximum outer diameter of the unthreaded intermediate portion 312b of the generally cylindrical body 310 and the maximum outer diameter of the apical portion 312c of the generally cylindrical body 310. In such alternatives, the outer diameter of the entire body 310 may be generally constant (e.g., except for minor variations due to grooves, threads, etc.).

Referring generally to fig. 8A-8C, the zygomatic dental implant 400 includes a generally cylindrical body 410, an internal threaded bore 430, a non-rotating feature 450, and an asymmetric external feature 420. The generally cylindrical body 410 has a first side 410a and a second opposite side 410 b. The generally cylindrical body 410 may also be generally divided into a proximal or coronal portion 412a, an intermediate portion 412b, and a distal or apical portion 412 c. The tip portion 412c is used to anchor the zygomatic dental implant 400 in the patient's zygomatic bone.

The zygomatic dental implant 400 generally differs from other dental implants in that the zygomatic dental implant 400 is significantly longer than the non-zygomatic dental implant, such that the zygomatic dental implant 400 can be installed in the same or similar manner as the zygomatic dental implant 100 shown in fig. 2 near and/or in the maxilla within the zygomatic bone in the patient's mouth. The zygomatic dental implant 400 is identical or similar in many respects to the zygomatic dental implant 300; however, the zygomatic dental implant 400 differs primarily from the zygomatic dental implant 300 in that the zygomatic dental implant 400 does not include a generally planar feature like the generally planar feature 360 of the zygomatic dental implant 300. Thus, the crown portion 412a and the intermediate portion 412b are more cylindrical than the crown portion 312a and the intermediate portion 312 b.

As shown in fig. 8A-8C, the zygomatic dental implant 400 includes an unthreaded middle portion 412b of the generally cylindrical body 410, which is located between a coronal portion 412a and an apical portion 412C of the generally cylindrical body 410. Alternatively, all or a portion of the non-threaded middle portion 412b may include one or more threads, grooves, protrusions, or any combination thereof.

Crown portion 412a includes an asymmetric outer feature 420 about its outer surface, which outer feature 420 includes a plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 421. The asymmetric external feature 420 and the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 421 are the same as or similar to the asymmetric external feature 320 and the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 321 of the zygomatic implant 300 described above, except that the asymmetric external feature 420 does not include a plurality of circumferentially extending grooves that taper apically like the first plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 321 a. In contrast, adjacent to the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 421 in the apical direction is a thread 422 that wraps around the main body 410 of the zygomatic dental implant 400. In some embodiments, the threads 422 help secure the zygomatic dental implant 400 to the alveolar bone during installation if such bone is present in the appropriate area of the patient's mouth in the patient.

Like the zygomatic dental implant 300, the zygomatic dental implant 400 does not include a non-recessed area like the non-recessed area 125 of the zygomatic dental implant 100 because, for example, the zygomatic dental implant 400 has a relatively larger diameter than the zygomatic dental implant 100 such that the bottom 431 (fig. 8C) of the internal threaded hole 430 is sufficiently spaced from the outer surface of the first side 410a of the zygomatic dental implant 400. In other words, the circumferentially extending wall 435 formed by the internally threaded bore 430 (which is the same as or similar to the circumferentially extending wall 135) (fig. 8C) has a minimum thickness sufficient to allow the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 421 to extend along the first side 410a and adjacent the bottom of the internally threaded bore 430 without tending to fracture/bite/fail.

In some embodiments, the circumferential length of each of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 421 is the same, different, or a combination thereof. For example, as best shown in fig. 8B and 9C, the circumferential length of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 421 increases apically in the same or similar manner as the second portion of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 321B. In other words, the ends of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 421 taper outwardly in the direction of the apex.

The tip portion 412c includes external threads 413 around its outer surface that are the same as or similar to the external threads 113 of the zygomatic dental implant 100. The tip portion 412c of the generally cylindrical body 410 includes a row 417 of generally vertical flutes 418 spaced around the circumference of the zygomatic dental implant 400 that intersect (e.g., break) the tip external threads 4313. The groove 418 aids in the installation of the zygomatic dental implant 400 by (i) and (ii): (i) self-tapping the zygomatic implant 300 into the patient's socket and/or (ii) providing a path for material ejected from the cavity (e.g., socket) that houses the zygomatic implant 400 during installation. More or fewer grooves 418 in a single row and/or in one or more additional rows (e.g., as discussed above in connection with the two rows of grooves 118 in the zygomatic implant 100) are also contemplated.

Inner partA threaded hole 430 is formed in the coronal portion 412a of the zygomatic dental implant 400, which is the same as or similar to the internal threaded hole 330 of the zygomatic dental implant 300 described above. The internal threaded bore 430 includes a female or internal thread 432 therein to threadably mate with the second screw 602b (shown in fig. 10C and 10D) to retain the abutment (not shown) and/or the second fixture 601b (shown in fig. 10C and 10D and described below) on the zygomatic dental implant 400. The internally threaded bore 430 has a maximum depth D relative to the internally threaded bore 330_{Maximum value}Same or similar maximum depth D_{Maximum value}。

The non-rotating feature 450 generally protrudes from the coronal portion 412a and is located external to the internal threaded bore 430 and is the same as or similar to the non-rotating feature 350 of the zygomatic dental implant 300 described above.

The substantially cylindrical body 410 of the zygomatic dental implant 400 has a main central axis X_{Mainly comprising}(FIG. 8C). Main central axis X_{Mainly comprising}Is defined as a straight axis/line passing through the geometric center and/or the axis of symmetry of at least the apical portion 412c and the intermediate portion 412b of the generally cylindrical body 410 of the zygomatic dental implant 400. However, the main central axis X of the zygomatic dental implant 400 _{Mainly comprising}Does not pass through (e.g., does not coincide with) an axis of symmetry of the coronal portion 412a of the generally cylindrical body 410. This is because the coronal portion 412a of the generally cylindrical body 410 of the zygomatic dental implant 400 includes an angled portion 414 (best shown in fig. 8A) that is angled and/or offset with respect to (1) and (2): (1) main central axis X of zygomatic dental implant 400_{Mainly comprising}And (2) the remainder of the generally cylindrical body 410 of the zygomatic dental implant 400. The angled portion 414 is commonly referred to as a platform for the zygomatic dental implant 400. The angled portion 414 is the same or similar to the angled portion 314 of the zygomatic dental implant 300, except that the angled portion 414 is relatively larger (e.g., includes a greater surface area for the same nominal size of the zygomatic dental implant), at least because the zygomatic dental implant 400 does not include a substantially planar feature that removes a portion of the angled portion 314 of the zygomatic dental implant 300 as compared to the angled portion 414 of the zygomatic dental implant 400. By comparing the figures7A and 8A, a comparison of platform 314 and platform 414 can best be seen. In some embodiments, the relatively larger platform 414 allows a relatively larger component to mate/abut with the platform 414 than the platform 314.

As best shown in FIG. 8C, the internal bore 830 has a bore central axis X_Hole(s). Bore center axis X_Hole(s)A straight axis/line defined through the geometric center and/or the axis of symmetry of at least the internal threaded hole 430 of the zygomatic dental implant 400. Bore center axis X of internally threaded bore 430_Hole(s)Relative to the main central axis X of the zygomatic dental implant 400_{Mainly comprising}At an angle theta. The angle θ can be any angle, such as, for example, from about 7 degrees to about 65 degrees, or from about 40 degrees to about 65 degrees. As shown in fig. 8C, the angle θ is about 55 degrees.

The main central axis X is the same as the axis in the zygomatic dental implant 300_{Mainly comprising}And a bore central axis X_Hole(s)Intersect at a point I (fig. 8C) located along a plane P (fig. 8A and 8C) defined by the angled portion or platform 414 of the zygomatic dental implant 400. In some embodiments, the main central axis X for the zygomatic dental implant 400_{Mainly comprising}And the hole central axis X_Hole(s)Is spaced from plane P by no more than about 0.8 millimeters, no more than about 0.7 millimeters, no more than about 0.6 millimeters, no more than about 0.5 millimeters, no more than about 0.4 millimeters, no more than about 0.3 millimeters, no more than about 0.2 millimeters, no more than about 0.1 millimeters, no more than about 0.05 millimeters, or no more than about 0.025 millimeters. In some embodiments, a main central axis X for the zygomatic dental implant 400 _{Mainly comprising}And the central axis X of the hole_Hole(s)Is spaced from plane P by about 0.0 mm to about 0.8 mm, about 0.0 mm to about 0.6 mm, about 0.0 mm to about 0.5 mm, about 0.0 mm to about 0.3 mm, about 0.0 mm to about 0.1 mm.

In some exemplary embodiments, the asymmetric exterior features 420 have an overall length along the major central axis of two millimeters to ten millimeters. In some embodiments, the total length of the plurality of circumferentially extending grooves 421 along the major central axis is from two millimeters to ten millimeters. In some embodiments, the total length of the threads 422 along the major central axis is from three millimeters to fourteen millimeters.

The zygomatic dental implant 400 may be referred to as a 4.3 mm dental implant, which is the nominal maximum outer diameter of the coronal portion 412 a. The nominal maximum outer diameter of the middle and tip portions 412b and 412c is 3.4 millimeters. Various other nominal maximum outer diameters of crown portion 412a are contemplated for use with the zygomatic dental implant 400, such as, for example, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, etc., or any dimension therebetween. Similarly, various other nominal maximum outer diameters of the middle and tip portions 412b and 412c are contemplated for the zygomatic dental implant 400, such as, for example, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, etc., or any dimension in between.

In some embodiments, the coronal portion 412a of the generally cylindrical body 410 has a maximum outer diameter that is relatively larger than a maximum outer diameter of the unthreaded middle portion 412b of the generally cylindrical body 410 and a maximum outer diameter of the apical portion 412c of the generally cylindrical body 410. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the maximum outer diameter of the coronal portion 412a of the generally cylindrical body 410 may be the same as or similar to the maximum outer diameter of the unthreaded intermediate portion 412b of the generally cylindrical body 10 and the maximum outer diameter of the apical portion 412c of the generally cylindrical body 410. In such alternatives, the outer diameter of the entire body 410 may be generally constant (e.g., except for minor variations due to grooves, threads, etc.).

Referring to fig. 9A-9F, the coronal portion 312a of the zygomatic implant 300 (fig. 9A and 9B), the coronal portion 412a of the zygomatic implant 400 (fig. 9C and 9D), and the coronal portion 512a of the zygomatic implant 500 (fig. 9E and 9E) are shown for comparison of the main central axis X_{Mainly comprising}And the central axis X of the hole_Hole(s)Of the first and second planes. As discussed above, the zygomatic dental implants 300, 400 intersect at point I, which is on the plane P defined by the angled portions 314, 414. However, the main central axis X for the zygomatic dental implant 500 _{Mainly comprising}And the central axis X of the hole_Hole(s)The intersection point I of (A) occurs at the root of the zygomatic dental implant 500Below the angled portion or platform 514. In some embodiments, the main central axis X for the zygomatic dental implant 500_{Mainly comprising}And the central axis X of the hole_Hole(s)Is spaced from plane P by about 1.3 mm. Thus, the maximum depth D of the internal threaded hole 530 of the zygomatic dental implant 500_{Maximum value}Is relatively longer than the maximum depth D of the internal bore 330, 430 of the zygomatic dental implant 300, 400_{Maximum value}. This is significant because as the internal bore of the zygomatic implant moves down/apically (e.g., in a hypothetical design of the zygomatic implant), there is more material in the implant body to accommodate the relatively deeper internal bore (e.g., there is more room laterally as the entrance to the internal bore/non-rotating feature slides down/apically over the angled portion/platform). Furthermore, the main central axis X is moved downwards/upwards when the inner bore is moved downwards/upwards_{Mainly comprising}And the central axis X of the hole_Hole(s)Also moves downwards. While a relatively deep internal threaded bore 530 may be advantageous (e.g., capable of accommodating a longer screw), a relatively large head or crown portion 512a may have some drawbacks as shown in fig. 10A-10F.

Referring generally to fig. 10A-10F, various fixtures 601a, 610b, 601c attached to the zygomatic dental implants 300, 400, 500 are shown for comparison. I.e. showing a main central axis X_{Mainly comprising}The zygoma dental implant 300, 400 of (a) allows for a relatively narrow fixture (e.g., fixture 601a, 610b) and/or a fixture having a maximum outer diameter equal to or less than the maximum outer diameter of the zygoma dental implant, said main central axis X_{Mainly comprising}And the central axis X of the hole_Hole(s)Relatively higher/more coronal (e.g., on plane P defined by platform 314414). This is because when the non-rotating feature and the inner bore move up/coronal (which may result in the main central axis X)_{Mainly comprising}And the central axis X of the hole_Hole(s)Intersecting at or near plane P), a relatively smaller diameter fixture may be used to engage around the circumference of the non-rotating feature and attach to the zygomatic dental implant via a screw.

FIGS. 10A and 10B show attachment via a first screw 602aTo the coronal portion 312a of the zygomatic dental implant 300 of the first fixture 601 a. Fig. 10C and 10D show the coronal portion 412a of the zygomatic dental implant 400 connected to the second fixture 601b via a second screw 602 b. As discussed above, for both zygomatic dental implants 300, 400, at point I on the plane P defined by the platforms 314, 414 (FIGS. 7C, 8C, 9B, and 9D), the primary central axis X _{Mainly comprising}And the central axis X of the hole_Hole(s)And (4) intersecting. This geometry allows the fixation members 601a, 601b to be firmly attached to the zygomatic dental implant 300, 400 via the screws 602a, 602b, respectively, and to have a maximum outer diameter substantially the same as the maximum outer diameter of the zygomatic dental implant 300, 400 and/or as the maximum outer diameter of the coronal portion 312a, 412a of the zygomatic dental implant 300, 400, e.g. corresponding to the maximum outer diameter of the zygomatic dental implant 300, 400 and/or corresponding to the maximum outer diameter of the coronal portion 312a, 412a of the zygomatic dental implant 300, 400.

By way of comparison, fig. 10E and 10F show the coronal portion 512a of the zygomatic dental implant 500 connected to a third fixture 601c via a third screw 602 c. As best shown in FIG. 9F and discussed above, the primary central axis X_{Mainly comprising}At point I with the central axis X of the bore of the zygomatic dental implant 500_Hole(s)Intersecting, the point I is generally below and offset from a plane P defined by the lands 514 (as shown in fig. 9F). As shown in fig. 10E and 10F, in order to securely attach such geometry to the zygomatic dental implant 500 via the third screw 602c, the third fixture 601c requires a maximum outer diameter that is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the zygomatic dental implant 500.

A benefit of a fixture having a maximum outer diameter that is the same as or less than the maximum outer diameter of the zygomatic dental implant (e.g., the first and second fixtures 601a, b as when connected with the zygomatic dental implants 300, 400, respectively) is that such a fixture can be used to install/drive the zygomatic dental implant into the bone socket without the risk of the fixture striking the surrounding tissue and/or bone and potentially inhibiting the installation process, as would be the case when the outer diameter of the fixture is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the zygomatic dental implant.

The zygomatic anatomy indicates that the length L of the zygomatic dental implant 100, 300, 400 is from about 20 mm to about 70 mm, more specifically, the zygomatic anatomy may indicate that the length L of the zygomatic dental implant 100, 300, 400 is from about 30 mm to about 60 mm. In some embodiments, zygomatic means the length of the zygomatic dental implant 100, 300, 400 is about 25 mm, about 30 mm, about 35 mm, about 40 mm, about 45 mm, about 50 mm, about 55 mm, about 60 mm, about 65 mm, about 70 mm. Such a length L of the zygomatic dental implant 100, 300, 400 is significantly longer than that of a non-zygomatic dental implant, which typically has a length of about 6 mm to about 18 mm, more particularly, a length of about 8 mm to about 15 mm.

Each of the non-threaded intermediate portions 112b, 312b, 412b has a length that is about 20% to about 70% of the overall length of the zygomatic dental implant 100, 300, 400, respectively. More preferably, the length of each of the non-threaded intermediate portions 112b, 312b, 412b is about 35% to about 55% of the total length of the zygomatic dental implant 100, 300, 400, respectively. In some embodiments, the length of each of the non-threaded intermediate portions 112b, 312b, 412b is about 45% of the overall length of the zygomatic dental implant 100, 300, 400, respectively.

While the present disclosure has been described with reference to one or more particular embodiments (examples), those skilled in the art will recognize that many changes may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Each of these embodiments (implementations/enhancements) and obvious variations thereof is contemplated as falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, which is set forth in the following claims.