阅读说明：本技术 一种新型的使用幻灯片的3d打印设备 (Novel 3D printing equipment using slides ) 是由 李方 姚志锋 于 2020-02-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种新型的使用幻灯片的3D打印设备。幻灯片载体(140)可以容纳一个或以上包含不同投影图案(160)的幻灯片。为了形成三维部件的每一层,将相应的图像(165)投影到可光固化液体上,从而形成该层。控制器可以根据需要切换幻灯片,使幻灯片与三维部件的形成相协调。与基于液晶显示器或数字光处理技术的方法相比,基于幻灯片的方法有许多优点。例如,制作幻灯片(包括尺寸较大的幻灯片)的成本相对较低。(A novel 3D printing device using slides. The slide carrier (140) can hold one or more slides containing different projection patterns (160). To form each layer of the three-dimensional part, a respective image (165) is projected onto the light-curable liquid, thereby forming the layer. The controller may switch slides as needed to coordinate the slides with the formation of the three-dimensional part. The slide-based approach has many advantages over approaches based on liquid crystal displays or digital light processing techniques. For example, slides (including slides with larger sizes) can be made at a relatively low cost.)

1. A 3D printing device comprising:

a tank configured to contain a photo-curable liquid;

a movable part stage configured to fix a three-dimensional part, the three-dimensional part being formed by layering by photocuring of the photocurable liquid;

a slide carrier configured to hold one or more slides containing a projected pattern based on layers of the three-dimensional part;

an optical system comprising projection optics configured to project an image of the projected pattern positioned at a target location of the optical system onto the light-curable liquid, thereby forming the layer of the three-dimensional part; and

a controller coupled to the parts platform and the slide carrier; wherein the slide carrier is configured to change the projection pattern at the target location, the controller coordinating movement of the three-dimensional part with projection of the projection pattern controlled by the slide carrier.

2. The 3D printing device according to claim 1, wherein the slide carrier is configured to align the projection patterns linearly.

3. The 3D printing device of claim 1, wherein the slide carrier is configured to have the projection pattern in a rolled arrangement.

4. The 3D printing device according to claim 1, wherein the slide carrier is configured such that the projection patterns are arranged in a two-dimensional array.

5. The 3D printing device according to claim 1, wherein the slide carrier is configured such that the projection pattern is arranged in a circular array.

6. The 3D printing device according to claim 1, wherein the slide carrier is configured such that a single slide contains a plurality of projection patterns.

7. The 3D printing device of claim 1, wherein the slide carrier is configured to accommodate a slide clip holding the slide.

8. The 3D printing device of claim 1, wherein the controller is further coupled to the optical system to coordinate operation of the optical system with motion of the three-dimensional component.

9. The 3D printing apparatus of claim 8, wherein the optical system has an adjustable magnification, the controller coordinating the magnification of the optical system with movement of the three-dimensional part.

10. The 3D printing device of claim 8, wherein the optical system includes a shutter, the controller coordinating operation of the shutter with movement of the three-dimensional part.

11. The 3D printing device of claim 8, wherein the optical system includes a light source, the controller coordinating an intensity of the light source with a motion of the three-dimensional part.

12. The 3D printing device of claim 1, wherein the image is projected onto the light-curable liquid at a power of at least 20W.

13. The 3D printing device of claim 1, wherein the image projected onto the photo-curable liquid has an area of at least 400mm x 300 mm.

14. The 3D printing device of claim 1, wherein the image projected onto the light-curable liquid has a resolution equivalent to at least 5300 x 4000 pixels.

15. The 3D printing device of claim 1, further comprising:

a light source to illuminate the projected pattern at the target location.

16. The 3D printing device according to claim 15, wherein the light source is an ultraviolet light source.

17. A method of 3D printing a three-dimensional part, comprising:

positioning a projected pattern on a slide at a target location of an optical system, the optical system including projection optics, wherein an image location of the projection optics is located at an exposure area of a photo-curable liquid within a trough;

controlling a light source illuminating the slide, the projection optics projecting the projected pattern on the slide onto the exposure area of the light-curable liquid to light-cure the light-curable liquid to form a layer of a three-dimensional part; and

coordinating the location of the different projected patterns on the slide at which the target location is located with controlling the movement of a light source and the three-dimensional part formed by the photocured layering of the photocurable liquid.

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to 3D printing devices using photocuring.

Background

A 3D printing device based on photo-polymerization or other types of photo-curing. These printing apparatuses print one layer of three-dimensional parts at a time. The two-dimensional pattern of each layer is projected into a light-curable liquid, and by curing the liquid, a solid shape matching the two-dimensional pattern is formed, thereby forming the layer. The pattern is typically displayed on a programmable display, such as a display based on LCD (liquid crystal display) or DLP (digital light processing based on digital micromirror devices) technology. The pattern is projected from the display device through the optics onto the liquid. Since the display device is programmable, the pattern on the display can be altered for different layers.

However, one disadvantage of this approach is that the lifetime of an LCD or DLP display device may limit the achievable illumination intensity in use. High light, especially high ultraviolet light, can shorten the service life. Therefore, it is desirable to maintain the intensity of the light within a certain range to extend the useful life of these components. However, this reduces the printing speed and may also limit the range of applications.

Another disadvantage is that larger three-dimensional parts require larger patterns to be projected into the photocurable liquid. This in turn requires a larger size display device, all other conditions being equal. However, enlarging the size of LCD and DLP display devices can be both expensive and difficult.

Therefore, there is a need for better 3D printing methods based on photocuring.

Disclosure of Invention

In one aspect, a 3D printing device uses a slide to illuminate a light-curable liquid. The slide carrier may hold one or more slides containing different patterns to be projected onto the light-curable liquid. To form each layer of the three-dimensional part, a corresponding pattern is projected onto the photocurable liquid to form the layer. The controller switches the pattern as needed to coordinate the motion of the slide with the formation of the three-dimensional part.

Other aspects include components, devices, systems, improvements, methods, processes, applications, computer-readable media, and other technologies relating to any of the above aspects.

Drawings

The advantages and features offered by the embodiments of the present application will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1A is a perspective view of a 3D printing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 1B is a perspective view of a pattern projection in the 3D printing device of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 1C is a perspective view of a three-dimensional part formed by the 3D printing apparatus of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of the operation of the 3D printing device of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

figures 3-6 are schematic illustrations of different types of slide carriers.

Detailed Description

The drawings and the following description relate to preferred embodiments by way of illustration only. It should be noted that from the following discussion, alternative embodiments of the structures and methods disclosed herein will be readily understood as viable alternatives that may be employed without departing from the principles of what is claimed.

Fig. 1A is a perspective view of a 3D printing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1B is a close-up of the projection portion of the 3D printing device of fig. 1A. Fig. 1C is a perspective view of a three-dimensional part formed by the 3D printing apparatus of fig. 1A.

The 3D printing device includes a movable part stage 110, a chute or cassette 120, an optical system including projection optics 130 and a light source 150, a slide carrier 140, and a controller (not shown in fig. 1). The tank 120 contains a photo-curable liquid. Slide carrier 140 holds one or more slides containing different patterns, which will be referred to as projection patterns. In this example, the three-dimensional part is the tapered letter a shown in fig. 1C. The different projected patterns are slightly different templates of the letter a, which are based on successive slices of the three-dimensional part. The light source 150 illuminates one of the projected patterns 160. Projection optics 130 project an image 165 of the illumination pattern through the bottom of the tank onto the light-curable liquid in tank 120, the image 165 being optically transparent. The exposed liquid is cured to form a solid layer of the final three-dimensional part. The part platform 110 holds a three-dimensional part (not shown in fig. 1 for clarity) and pulls it away from the exposed area because successive layers of the part are formed by photocuring. The exposure area is the projected pattern at the bottom of the trough 120 and the area where the photocurable liquid layer solidifies. In some cases, a release film (also known as an anti-sticking member) may be placed at the bottom of the trough 120 to help separate the solidified solid layer from the bottom of the trough 120. In this case, the exposed areas would be on the release film, rather than directly at the bottom of the trough 120.

The photo-curing process may include radical photo-curing and cationic photo-curing. Examples of free-radical photocurable materials include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamide, styrene, alkenes, halogenated alkenes, cycloalkenes, maleic anhydride, alkenes, alkynes, carbon monoxide, functionalized oligomers (e.g., oligomers functionalized with acrylate or methacrylate groups, such as epoxides, urethanes, polyethers, or polyesters), and functionalized PEGs. Examples of the cationic photocurable material include an epoxy group and a vinyl ether group. Some examples include styrenic compounds, vinyl ethers, N-vinylcarbazoles, lactones, lactams, cyclic ethers (e.g., epoxides), cyclic acetals, and cyclosiloxanes. For DLP/LCD systems, vinyl ethers, acrylates and methacrylates (including oligomers having these groups) may be preferred. Photocuring includes photopolymerization. The light source 150 is typically an ultraviolet light source.

The controller coordinates the part platform 110 and the slide carrier 140. The controller may be implemented as hardware, software, or a combination. Optically, the projection optics 130 image the object at a specific location (target location) to an image location that is in an exposure area of the light-curable liquid. Slide carrier 140 is used to alter the projection pattern at the target location of the optical system. For example, it may be implemented by translating different slides and/or projection patterns to the target location. Thus, the projected pattern 160 at the target location is imaged 165 as an image onto the light-curable liquid to form the next layer of the three-dimensional part. The controller coordinates the movement of the three-dimensional part (by controlling part platform 110) and the projection of projection pattern 160 (by controlling slide carrier 140).

Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an operation of the 3D printing apparatus of fig. 1. To print the tapered letter a of fig. 1C, a model of the three-dimensional part is sliced in one dimension according to a certain layer thickness to obtain a series of two-dimensional patterns, which in this example are the letters a of different sizes. In this example, these two-dimensional patterns are engraved on a single slide held by slide carrier 140. Then 3D printing is performed in the following manner. Here, the controller also coordinates the operation of the optical system with the rest of the printing process.

In step 210, the first projection pattern corresponding to the top layer of cone A is moved to the target position of the optical system. In FIG. 1B, a screw 142 driven by a motor 144 is used to control the x-y translation of slide carrier 140. When the first projected pattern is in place, step 220 is performed and the controller turns on the light source 150, which light source 150 projects an image onto the exposure area. In step 230, the light source 150 remains on for as long as it takes to solidify the liquid layer to form the first solid layer of cone A in the trough. The controller may perform this operation on a time basis, keeping the light source 150 on for a predetermined time. Alternatively, it may perform this operation based on feedback, such as a real-time measurement of the intensity of the light source or a real-time measurement of the curing process. The controller may also adjust the projection optics 130, such as the position of the projection optics for zooming (magnification) and projecting the image. Once the liquid layer has solidified, the controller turns off the light source 150 in step 240.

If there are more layers to print, the controller moves to the next layer, step 250. Proceeding to step 260, the slide carrier moves the next projected pattern into position and then, in step 265, raises the part platform 110 a distance according to the layer thickness. This causes uncured liquid to flow into the exposed areas to form the next layer. This process is repeated until it is determined in step 250 that all layers have been printed.

The slide-based approach may have various advantages over the LCD or DLP technology based approach. For example, slides are relatively inexpensive to manufacture, including large sizes. A slide can be formed by printing an opaque pattern on a transparent substrate, where the printed portion blocks light and the unprinted portion transmits light. In one method, UV printing is used to form a desired pattern on a transparent glass substrate. The UV printing ink is subjected to cross-linking polymerization reaction under the irradiation of UV light, and is cured to form a film, so that the effect of blocking light is achieved. A thin film made of metal or metal oxide may also be used for light shielding. The substrate may comprise other materials with good light transmittance, such as glass fiber or acrylic.

Opaque substrates may also be used to form the slides, for example by engraving a pattern on the opaque substrate. Here, the engraved portions transmit light while the unetched portions block light. In one approach, the light blocking ink covers all of the transparent glass substrate. A pattern is then engraved on the surface of the ink by a laser beam, creating transparent regions in the ink to transmit light.

Many of these techniques can be scaled to produce large slides with good resolution, which can be expensive or impractical if LCD or DLP devices are used. For example, a large area LCD or DLP may have a projection pattern of 192mm by 120mm, 2560 by 1600 resolution, and 75 μm pixels. However, this is not large enough for large items such as midsoles, which may require 400mm by 300mm print area and have better resolution (thus equivalent to at least 5300 by 4000 pixels). Resolution is sacrificed if these large items are printed using these large area LCD or DLP systems.

The projected pattern may be binary, with different regions in the pattern that may transmit or block light. Alternatively, the projected pattern may be grayscale, with different regions transmitting different percentages of light. For example, the thickness of the blocking UV ink or metal/metal oxide film can be adjusted to change the light transmittance to produce various shades of gray. Because the slide itself may have a smooth curve, the resulting projected pattern may also have a smoother curve than LCD or DLP solutions where the pixelation problem is more severe. Slides can also be used over a larger magnification range than LCD or DLP devices.

Slides may also be more robust than LCD or DLP devices. Thus, higher intensity light can be used to illuminate the slides while maintaining a reasonable lifetime. The slide may be illuminated with 20W or more of light. Higher intensity light generally results in faster printing speeds.

Figures 3-6 are diagrams of different types of slide carriers. In these figures, the projected pattern is represented as a hexagon. There may be one projected pattern per slide, or there may be multiple patterns per slide. The slides may be held directly by the slide carrier or by slide clips which are then held by the slide carrier.

In fig. 3, slide carrier 140 has projection patterns 160 arranged in a two-dimensional array. The x and y direction translations are controlled by screw 342, and screw 342 is driven by motor 344. Two-dimensional arrangements other than arrays are also possible. In fig. 4, slide carrier 140 has projection pattern 160 arranged linearly. Translation is controlled by rollers 442, and rollers 442 are driven by motor 444. Other transport mechanisms may also be used. In fig. 5, slide carrier 140 has projection pattern 160 arranged in a roll. Movement is controlled by rollers 542, and rollers 542 are driven by motor 544. In fig. 6, slide carrier 140 is a disk carrier with projection pattern 160 arranged in a circular array. Rotation is controlled by an axle 642, which is driven by a motor 644.

Other methods may also be used. For example, a set of slides may be stored in a carousel or other type of library. The slide carrier uses a robotic arm to pick up the slide of interest and place it at the target location. As another variation, a robotic arm may be used to automatically load any of the slide carriers described above. In some cases, one slide may be loaded while another slide is being projected. In fig. 6, the slide under the projection optics 130 may be projected while the slide on the opposite side of the disc carrier is being loaded.

In other designs, the controller may control other aspects of the optical system. For example, the controller may change the exposure of the light-curable liquid by controlling a shutter somewhere in the optical system, instead of turning the light source on and off. Also for example, the projection optics may be adjustable, for example a zoom lens. As part of the process of producing the three-dimensional part, the controller may control the projection optics, e.g., adjust the magnification of the projection optics. If the magnification is adjustable within a certain range, the number of slides for certain types of parts can be reduced, since the same slide can be used at different magnifications without the need for additional slides. Alternatively, a smoother part may be formed. For example, if the layer of taper A in FIG. 1C is built using a step exposure method, the tapered edges will appear jagged, or a large number of layers will be required to smooth the taper. However, if the optical magnification is adjustable, the taper can be smoothed by adjusting the magnification in combination with the enlarging means.

Although the detailed description contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but merely as illustrating different examples. It should be understood that the scope of the present application includes other embodiments not discussed in detail above. Various other modifications, changes, and variations apparent to those skilled in the art may be made in the arrangement, operation, and details of the methods and apparatus disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined by the following claims and their legal equivalents.