阅读说明：本技术 一种切削齿可轴向冲击的pdc钻头 (PDC drill bit with axially-impacted cutting teeth ) 是由 刘伟 其他发明人请求不公开姓名 于 2020-08-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种切削齿可轴向冲击的PDC钻头：包括钻头体,钻头体上设置有刀翼、喷嘴及流体主通道,刀翼上安装有切削齿,切削齿由中心活动齿、衬套、限位器及水力驱动旋转器组成；中心活动齿底部设置有凸凹不平的轨道,衬套上设置有轴及水孔,水力驱动旋转器上设置有冲击头,中心活动齿与衬套之间通过限位器形成移动连接,水力驱动旋转器与衬套上的轴形成转动连接。本体上设置有第一流体通道,中心活动齿内设置有第二流体通道,第一流体通道与主通道相通,衬套内空间形成第二流体通道,第二流体通道通过衬套上的水孔与第一流体通道相通,第二流体通道与第三流体通道相通。本发明可以实现切削齿沿其轴线对地层的冲击作用,提高破岩效率,降低钻井成本。(A PDC bit with axially percussive cutting teeth: the cutting bit comprises a bit body, wherein a blade, a nozzle and a main fluid channel are arranged on the bit body, cutting teeth are arranged on the blade, and the cutting teeth consist of central movable teeth, a bushing, a limiter and a hydraulic drive rotator; the bottom of the central movable tooth is provided with a rugged track, the lining is provided with a shaft and a water hole, the hydraulic drive rotator is provided with an impact head, the central movable tooth and the lining are movably connected through a limiter, and the hydraulic drive rotator is rotatably connected with the shaft on the lining. The body is provided with a first fluid channel, the central movable gear is provided with a second fluid channel, the first fluid channel is communicated with the main channel, the space in the bushing forms a second fluid channel, the second fluid channel is communicated with the first fluid channel through a water hole in the bushing, and the second fluid channel is communicated with the third fluid channel. The invention can realize the impact action of the cutting teeth on the stratum along the axis of the cutting teeth, improve the rock breaking efficiency and reduce the drilling cost.)

1. A PDC bit with axially percussive cutting teeth: including the drill bit body, be provided with wing, nozzle and fluid main channel on the drill bit body, install cutting teeth on the wing, its characterized in that: the cutting teeth consist of central movable teeth, a bushing, a limiter and a hydraulic drive rotator; the bottom of the central movable tooth is provided with a rugged track, and the lining is provided with a shaft and a water hole; the hydraulic driving rotator is provided with an impact head; the central movable gear and the bushing are movably connected through a limiter; the hydraulic driving rotator is in rotating connection with the shaft on the bushing; the body is provided with a first fluid channel, and the central movable tooth is internally provided with a second fluid channel; the first fluid channel is communicated with the main channel, a second fluid channel is formed in the space in the lining, the second fluid channel is communicated with the first fluid channel through a water hole in the lining, and the second fluid channel is communicated with the third fluid channel.

2. A PDC bit having cutter elements for axial percussive drilling according to claim 1 wherein: the hydraulically driven spinner is in the form of a blade.

3. A PDC bit having cutter elements for axial percussive drilling according to claim 1 wherein: the hydraulic driving rotator is a spiral turbine.

4. A PDC bit having cutter elements for axial percussive drilling according to claim 1 wherein: the bottom of the base body of the central movable tooth is an inclined plane with a certain included angle formed between the normal direction and the axis of the cutting tooth.

5. A PDC bit having cutter elements for axial percussive drilling according to claim 1 wherein: the central movable tooth and the limiting groove on the bushing are annular limiting grooves, the central movable tooth is connected with the bushing through a clamp spring placed in the limiting groove, and the central movable tooth and the bushing can rotate relatively.

6. A PDC bit having cutter elements for axial percussive drilling according to claim 1 wherein: the cutting teeth comprise conical teeth, wedge-shaped teeth, spoon-shaped teeth and spherical teeth; the cutting teeth are made of artificial polycrystalline diamond, natural diamond, hard alloy, ceramic and cubic boron nitride.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of drilling equipment for petroleum and natural gas, mine engineering, construction foundation engineering construction, geology, hydrology and the like, and particularly relates to a movable cutting tooth embedded and fixed on a drill bit and a PDC drill bit with the cutting tooth.

Background

Polycrystalline diamond teeth (PDC teeth for short) are cutting teeth used to be embedded in a bit body. The cutting tooth mainly comprises a diamond layer and a hard alloy matrix, and the diamond layer has the characteristics of high hardness, high wear resistance, self-sharpening property and the like. The bit provided with the PDC teeth is called as a PDC bit, is widely applied to the technical field of drilling and has the advantages of high mechanical drilling speed, long service life, high drilling safety and the like.

In recent years, with the increasing proportion of exploration and development of deep wells and ultra-deep wells, the hardness and plasticity of deep stratum rock are increased, and the conventional roller bit has poor drillability, low mechanical rotation speed and long drilling period. In order to improve the mechanical drilling speed of the drill bit stroke, the PDC drill bit is widely used, but the stick-slip vibration phenomenon of the PDC drill bit in the deep stratum not only seriously restricts the further improvement of the mechanical drilling speed, but also greatly influences the service life of the PDC drill bit. In order to eliminate the stick-slip vibration phenomenon of the PDC drill bit, a large number of experimental researches and field applications are carried out at home and abroad, wherein the torque impactor is used in a matched mode to be the most effective method for reducing or eliminating the phenomenon of the drill bit at present. The torsion impactor can provide a periodic high-frequency circumferential impact load for the drill bit in the drilling process, so that the accumulation time of the torque is reduced, and the stick-slip vibration in the PDC drilling process is reduced. The torque impactor is generally directly applied to the drill bit, and the torque impactor is complex in structure and high in manufacturing cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The PDC drill bit with the axially-impacted cutting teeth has an impact effect, the stick-slip vibration phenomenon of the drill bit can be reduced without independently arranging an impactor tool, the effect of impacting and crushing a stratum is realized, the drilling efficiency is improved, and the operation cost is reduced.

The invention is realized by the following steps:

a PDC bit with axially percussive cutting teeth: the cutting device comprises a bit body, a cutter wing, a nozzle and a fluid main channel, wherein the cutter wing is provided with a cutting tooth; the bottom of the central movable gear is provided with a convex-concave uneven track, and the bush is provided with a shaft and a water hole; the hydraulic driving rotator is provided with an impact head; the central movable gear is movably connected with the bushing through a limiter; the hydraulic driving rotator is in rotating connection with the shaft on the bushing; a first fluid channel is arranged on the body, and a second fluid channel is arranged in the central movable tooth; the first fluid channel is communicated with the main channel, the space in the lining forms a second fluid channel, the second fluid channel is communicated with the first fluid channel through the water hole in the lining, and the second fluid channel is communicated with the third fluid channel.

In the above scheme, fluid (drilling fluid) flows from the main fluid passage into a flow passage space provided in the bit body, and the space is referred to as a first fluid passage; due to the water holes arranged on the bush of the cutting tooth, the drilling fluid flows into a space formed by the bush and the central cutting tooth through the holes, and the space is called a second fluid channel; the central rotary cutting tooth is internally provided with a hole for fluid to pass through, the space where the hole is positioned is called a third fluid channel, and the second fluid channel is communicated with the third fluid channel. The central movable gear and the bush are provided with limit grooves, the length of the limit grooves of the bush is smaller than that of the limit grooves of the central movable gear, and the central movable gear and the bush are movably connected through a limiter. The shaft is arranged on the bushing, the hydraulic drive rotator is arranged on the shaft, and the hydraulic drive rotator and the shaft form rotary connection through a limiter.

Alternatively, the bottom of the base body of the central movable tooth is an inclined plane with a certain included angle formed between the normal direction and the axis of the cutting tooth. In the scheme, the impact head pushes the central movable tooth through different positions on the contact inclined plane, and meanwhile, the retraction of the central movable tooth is realized under the reaction force of rocks in front of the tooth.

Alternatively, the hydraulically driven spinner is in the form of a blade.

In the above scheme, when the drilling fluid in the first fluid channel flows out through the water hole on the lining and enters the second fluid space, the blade is impacted, so that the hydraulic drive rotator is driven to rotate, and the impact head on the hydraulic drive rotator also rotates along with the hydraulic drive rotator. The blade has simple structure and is easy to process.

Alternatively, the hydraulically driven spinner is a helical turbine.

In the above scheme, due to the action of the pressure difference of the drilling fluid, the fluid in the second fluid channel flows to the third fluid channel, and the fluid impacts an impeller on the turbine in the flowing process to enable the turbine to rotate, so that the central cutting teeth are driven to rotate. The turbine structure can provide a large rotational torque.

Alternatively, the central movable tooth and the limiting groove on the bushing are annular limiting grooves, the central movable tooth is connected with the bushing through a clamp spring placed in the limiting groove, and the central movable tooth and the bushing can rotate relatively.

In the above scheme, because the central movable tooth and the bush can rotate relatively, when the cutting tooth is reacted by rock in front of the tooth, the cutting tooth can rotate around the axis of the cutting tooth. Meanwhile, the width of the limiting groove on the central movable tooth is larger than that of the limiting groove on the bushing, and the central movable tooth and the bushing can move relatively.

Alternatively, the cutting teeth include conical teeth, wedge teeth, spoon teeth, spherical teeth; the material of the cutting tooth comprises artificial polycrystalline diamond, natural diamond, hard alloy, ceramic and cubic boron nitride.

The invention has the following effective effects:

1. the impact head on the hydraulic drive rotator can impact the central movable tooth, so that the cutting tooth is subjected to a certain degree of impact force during cutting, the rock breaking process of impact scraping and cutting of the cutting tooth is realized, the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit is improved, the probability of stick-slip vibration of the drill bit is reduced, and the service life of the drill bit is prolonged.

2. The cutting teeth can rotate, the whole circumference of the cutting teeth edge can be contacted with the rock, the premature failure of the drill bit caused by local rapid abrasion of the cutting teeth is reduced, the service life of the drill bit is prolonged, and the tripping time is shortened.

3. The drilling fluid can flow out of the cutting teeth, heat generated in the cutting process can be taken away in time, a good cooling effect is achieved on the cutting teeth, and premature failure of the cutting teeth due to thermal wear is avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a PDC bit with axially impartable teeth installed.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a cutting tooth.

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutting tooth.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the relationship between the cutting tooth and the body.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the contact process between the hydraulically driven rotator and the track on the central movable tooth.

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a hydraulic driving rotator of a cutting tooth, which is a blade.

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a hydraulic driving rotator of a cutting tooth as a turbine.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a structure in contact with the impact head, which is an inclined plane.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a structure in which the center movable teeth are simultaneously rotatably movable with respect to the bushing.

100-bit, 101-bit body, 102-blades, 103-port, 104-primary fluid channel, 105-joint, 106-first fluid channel, 200-central moving tooth, 201-wear layer, 202-base, 203-rail, 204-stop, 205-third fluid channel, 300-bushing, 301-bushing shaft, 302-second fluid channel, 303-water hole, 400-hydraulically driven rotator, 401-impact head.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The first embodiment:

as shown in fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a PDC drill bit 100 with axially percussive cutters, which comprises a bit body 101, blades 102, nozzles 103, a main fluid passage 104, and joints 105, wherein the blades are provided with cutters 200. The cutting teeth 200 are composed of a central movable tooth 200, a bushing 300 and a hydraulic driving rotator 400; the central moving tooth 200 is composed of a wear resistant layer 201 (typically polycrystalline diamond) and a substrate 202. The bottom of the central movable tooth 200 is provided with a rugged track 203. The bush 300 is provided with a bush shaft 301 and a water hole 303; the hydraulic driving rotator 400 is provided with an impact head 401; the central movable gear 200 and the bush 300 are provided with a limit groove 206, the width of the limit groove of the central movable gear 200 is larger than that of the limit groove of the bush 300, the central movable gear 200 and the bush 300 are connected through a limiter 204, and the central movable gear 200 and the bush 300 can move relatively; the hydraulic driving rotator 400 is arranged on the bushing shaft 303, and the hydraulic driving rotator and the bushing shaft are rotationally connected through a clamp spring 500; the body 101 is provided with a first fluid channel 106, and the central movable tooth 200 is provided with a third fluid channel 205; the first fluid passage 106 is communicated with the main passage 104, the space in the bushing 300 forms a second fluid passage 302, the second fluid passage 302 is communicated with the first fluid passage 106 through a water hole 303 on the bushing 300, and the second fluid passage 302 is communicated with the third fluid passage 205.

The working process of the invention is as follows: fluid (drilling fluid) flows from the primary fluid passage 104 into the first fluid passage 106 in addition to flowing directly into the wellbore annulus via the nozzles 103. When fluid enters the second fluid passage 302 through the first fluid passage 106 in the body 101, the fluid exiting the water holes 303 of the liner 300 impacts the hydraulically driven rotator 400, thereby pushing the hydraulically driven rotator 400 to rotate, so that the impact head 401 of the hydraulically driven rotator 400 rotates. The impact head 401 will repeatedly be at the lowest point and the lowest point of the jagged track 203. When the impact head 401 is at the lowest point of the track, as shown in fig. 5, the central cutting tooth 200 is under the action of the rock ahead of the tooth, the central cutting tooth retracts inwards; when the impact head 401 rotates from the lowest point to the highest point of the track, the impact head 401 pushes the central movable tooth 200 outwards, and the central movable tooth 200 extends outwards. Thus, under the dual action of the rock ahead of the tooth and the hydraulically driven spinner 400, the cutting tooth 200 will continue to retract and extend, thereby effecting impact cutting of the rock by the cutting tooth.

Meanwhile, the drilling fluid flows through the third fluid channel in the cutting teeth, so that heat generated in the cutting process can be taken away in time, the purposes of cooling and cleaning the cutting teeth are achieved, the service life of the cutting teeth is effectively prolonged, and the service life of the drill bit is prolonged.

As shown in fig. 6, the hydraulically driven rotator 400 is a vane type. When fluid flows into the second fluid passage 302 through the holes 303 of the bushing 300, the ejected fluid impacts the blades of the hydraulically driven rotator 400 to push the blades to rotate, so as to drive the impact head 401 to rotate, and the impact head 401 is repeatedly located at the lowest point and the lowest point of the rugged track 203. Under the dual action of the rock ahead of the tooth and the hydraulically driven spinner 400, the cutting tooth 200 will continue to retract and extend, thereby effecting impact cutting of the rock by the cutting tooth. Finally fluid is discharged from the third fluid passage 208 in the central rotating tooth 203 into the wellbore annulus. In the scheme, the structure is simple, and the processing is easy.

Second embodiment:

as shown in fig. 7, the embodiment of the present invention provides a PDC drill bit with movable cutting teeth, which has substantially the same structure as the PDC drill bit of the first embodiment, except that: the hydraulically driven spinner 400 is of the helical turbine type. When fluid flows into the second fluid passage 302 through the holes 303 of the bushing 300, the ejected fluid enters the second fluid passage 302, and in the process that the fluid flows from the second fluid passage 302 to the third fluid passage 205, the fluid presses the turbine blades on the hydraulic drive rotator 400 to push the turbine blades to rotate, so that the impact head 401 is driven to rotate, and finally the fluid is discharged from the third fluid passage 205 in the central rotating tooth 200 to enter the well bore annular space. The turbine in the scheme has the characteristics of high power and good transmission stability.

The third embodiment:

as shown in fig. 8, the PDC drill bit with movable cutting teeth according to the embodiment of the present invention has substantially the same structure as the PDC drill bit according to the first embodiment, except that: the base 202 of the central moving tooth 200 is a slanted plane having a normal direction that forms an angle with the axis of the cutting tooth. The rotational movement of the impact head 401 on the hydraulically driven rotator 400 brings it into contact with different positions on the inclined plane. The trajectory of the impact head 401 on the incline is circular, defined herein as the point on the circle closest to the tooth plane being referred to as the retract point d1 and the furthest point being referred to as the extend point d 2. When impact head 401 rotates from point d2 to point d1, impact head 401 tends to disengage central movable tooth 200, however, due to the articulation between central movable tooth 200 and bushing 300, central movable tooth 200 retracts under the reaction force of the rock ahead of the tooth. Conversely, the impact head 401 pushes the central movable tooth 200 outward.

The fourth embodiment:

as shown in fig. 9, the embodiment of the present invention provides a PDC drill bit with movable cutting teeth, which has substantially the same structure as the PDC drill bit of the first embodiment except that: the limiting groove at the position where the bushing 300 and the central movable gear 200 are located is an annular groove, the bushing 300 and the central movable gear 200 can rotate relatively, and the limiter 204 between the bushing 300 and the central movable gear is a snap spring. The central movable tooth 200 makes a linear reciprocating motion of retracting and extending under the action of the rock in front of the tooth and the hydraulic driving rotator 400, and simultaneously makes a rotary motion under the friction action of the rock in front of the tooth. According to the scheme, the whole circumference of the tooth blade can participate in cutting while the impact effect is realized, the service life of the cutting tooth is prolonged, the service life of the drill bit is prolonged, and the drilling cost is reduced.

The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent alterations and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention should be considered by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.