Installation and method for treating the surface of at least one large-format component
阅读说明：本技术 用于处理至少一个大规格的构件的表面的设施和方法 (Installation and method for treating the surface of at least one large-format component ) 是由 贝尔特拉姆·哈格 亚沙尔·穆萨耶夫 阿斯特里德·黑克尔 克里斯汀·雅各布 尼古拉·波德加尼 于 2019-02-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及用于处理具有在0.5m至12m范围内的直径或尺寸的至少一个大规格的构件(10、10a、10b、10c、10d)的表面的设施(100、100′),设施包括至少一个能加热的处理容器(1),其用于容纳处理溶液(2)和处理溶液(2)中的至少一个构件(10、10a、10b、10c、10d),其中,处理容器(1)具有容器底部(1a)和与容器底部(1a)邻接的容器壁(1b),其中,处理容器(1)还具有至少一个能移除的盖(3；3a、3b)。根据本发明,能加热的处理容器(1)在俯视图中看地居中地具有至少一个加热柱(4、4′),加热柱从容器底部(1a)朝盖(3；3a、3b)的方向延伸,并且/或者从盖(3)朝容器底部(1a)的方向延伸。本发明还涉及用于在这样的设施(100、100′)中处理至少一个大规格的构件(10、10a、10b、10c、10d)的表面的方法。(The invention relates to a facility (100, 100') for treating the surface of at least one large-format component (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) having a diameter or a dimension in the range from 0.5m to 12m, comprising at least one heatable treatment vessel (1) for receiving a treatment solution (2) and at least one component (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) of the treatment solution (2), wherein the treatment vessel (1) has a vessel base (1a) and a vessel wall (1b) adjoining the vessel base (1a), wherein the treatment vessel (1) also has at least one removable cover (3; 3a, 3 b). According to the invention, the heatable treatment container (1) has, centrally in top view, at least one heating column (4, 4') which extends from the container base (1a) in the direction of the lid (3; 3a, 3b) and/or from the lid (3) in the direction of the container base (1 a). The invention also relates to a method for treating the surface of at least one large-format component (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) in such a plant (100, 100').)
1. A facility (100, 100') for treating the surface of at least one large format component (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) having a diameter or size in the range of 0.5m to 12m, comprising at least one heatable treatment vessel (1) for accommodating a treatment solution (2) and at least one component (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) of the treatment solution (2), wherein the treatment vessel (1) has a vessel bottom (1a) and a vessel wall (1b) adjoining the vessel bottom (1a), wherein the treatment vessel (1) further has at least one removable cover (3),
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the heatable treatment container (1) has, centrally in top view, at least one heating column (4, 4') which extends from the container bottom (1a) in the direction of the lid (3; 3a, 3b) and/or from the lid (3) in the direction of the container bottom (1 a).
2. The plant (100, 100') according to claim 1, wherein the at least one heating column (4) extends from the vessel bottom (1a) in the direction of the at least one lid (3; 3a, 3b) over at least 50% of the height of the vessel wall (1 b).
3. The plant (100, 100 ') according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one heating column (4') extends from at least one lid (3) in the direction of the vessel bottom (1a) over at least 50% of the height of the vessel wall (1 b).
4. The plant (100, 100 ') according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least a heating column (4, 4 ') has a circular periphery as seen in top view, wherein the at least one heating column (4, 4 ') is established to radiate heat radially towards the treatment solution (2).
5. The plant (100, 100') according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the treatment vessel (1) further comprises at least one heating element (5, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) arranged in the region of the vessel wall (1b) and established to dissipate heat to the treatment solution (2) in the direction of at least one heating column (4).
6. The installation (100, 100') according to claim 5, wherein the at least one heating element (5) is annularly configured.
7. The plant (100, 100') according to claim 5, wherein the at least one heating element (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) is rod-shaped or plate-shaped and at least four heating elements (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) are arranged on the vessel wall (1b) at the same distance from each other around the at least one heating column (4).
8. The plant (100, 100') according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the treatment vessel (1) is configured with a circular or square or hexagonal vessel periphery (1c) as seen in top view.
9. The system (100, 100') according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least one cover (3) comprises at least two cover sections (3a, 3b) movable independently of each other.
10. Method for treating the surface of at least one large format component (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) having a diameter or size in the range of 0.5m to 12m in a plant (100, 100') according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising the following steps performed in succession:
providing at least one treatment vessel (1) filled with a treatment solution (2);
heating the treatment solution (2) to a treatment temperature by means of at least one heating column (4) and also at least one heating element (5, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5 d);
introducing at least one component (10) into the heated treatment solution (2);
heating the treatment solution (2) and the at least one component (10) to a treatment temperature and maintaining the treatment temperature over a treatment period; and is
Removing the at least one treated component (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) from the at least one treatment container (1).
Technical Field
The invention relates to a facility for treating the surface of at least one large-format component having a diameter or size in the range of 0.5m to 12 m. The plant comprises at least one heatable treatment vessel for receiving a treatment solution and at least one component of the treatment solution, wherein the treatment vessel has a vessel bottom and a vessel wall adjoining the vessel bottom. The processing container also has at least one removable lid. The invention also relates to a method for treating the surface of at least one large format component having a diameter or size in the range of 0.5m to 12 m.
Background
Methods for surface treatment are often provided in the manufacture of components. In particular, surface treatments are used to prevent corrosion and in particular to increase the service life of the components. Depending on the material used, different surface treatment methods can be used here, for example galvanic, wet-chemical or evaporative coating. The chemicals used are generally harmful to the environment, and therefore different methods for surface treatment in reactors have been developed and implemented.
DE 102007061193 a1 discloses a method for the surface treatment of components subjected to rolling in the form of an oxidation treatment.
DE 102015222902 a1 discloses a method for the surface treatment of components, wherein a device is used which comprises only one reactor or treatment vessel, which is equipped with components. In the surface treatment of the component, the reactor is filled successively with different media.
DE 102017112736 a1 relates to a plant concept with at least two treatment vessels in order to extend the service life of the treatment media used.
GB 2280123 a describes a container for cleaning and phosphating iron-containing workpieces. A rotating impeller for tumbling the liquid is provided in the vessel, and a heating element is provided which is arranged on the vessel wall.
In the treatment of large-format components in a treatment vessel, in particular oxidation treatment or phosphating to form conversion layers, it has been shown that, when conventional treatment installations are used, a non-uniform treatment result appears on the surface of such components. These different treatment results are manifested in different thicknesses of the conversion layer produced on the surface of the component.
It has been shown that these differences are due to the fact that large format components having a diameter or size in the range of 0.5m to 12m, when introduced into the preheated treatment solution, strongly cool the treatment solution. Due to the volumes of the member and the treatment solution, the time period required until the treatment solution is heated again to the initial temperature is much longer than in the case of surface treatment of a small-sized member having a diameter or size in the range of less than 0.5 m. The different temperatures of the treatment solution in the region of the component surface result in the component surface being converted more quickly in the region of higher temperatures than in the region of lower temperatures. This results in differences in the thickness of the conversion layers of the component, which cannot be completely compensated for even by prolonged treatment times.
Applications in wind power installations, for example, require such large-format components, in particular in the form of bearing components, such as bearing rings or rolling bodies.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the invention is to provide a device and a method for treating the surface of at least one large-format component having a diameter or size in the range from 0.5m to 12m, with which the surface treatment can be carried out as uniformly as possible.
The object is achieved for a facility for treating the surface of at least one large-format component having a diameter or dimension in the range from 0.5m to 12m, comprising at least one heatable treatment vessel for receiving a treatment solution and at least one component of the treatment solution, wherein the treatment vessel has a vessel bottom and a vessel wall adjoining the vessel bottom, wherein the treatment vessel also has at least one removable lid by the heatable treatment vessel having, centrally in a top view, at least one heating column which extends from the vessel bottom in the direction of the lid and/or from the lid toward the vessel bottom.
It has been shown that conventional installations in which the treatment vessel has heating elements only in the region of the vessel wall do not achieve a uniform warming of such large-format components via the treatment solution in a short time. This effect is particularly noticeable when large-format bearing rings are handled. The temperature rise in the region of the center of the treatment solution and thus in the region of the inner diameter of the bearing ring proceeds more slowly than in the region of the container wall and the outer diameter of the bearing ring. As a result, conversion layers of different thicknesses appear on the inner and outer diameters of the bearing ring, which is undesirable. The lid should largely prevent evaporation of the treatment solution from the treatment vessel and heat loss.
If at least one heating column is now arranged centrally in the heatable treatment container, which accelerates the heating process of the treatment solution after the introduction of the at least one large format component into the treatment solution, starting from the center of the treatment solution, the heating of the component as a whole can be accelerated and the treatment of the component can be homogenized. When the surface treatment is carried out, in particular, by oxidation treatment or phosphating, a conversion layer having a uniform thickness can be produced.
It has proven particularly suitable to design the heating of the treatment solution symmetrically with respect to the component and at a distance from the component such that a uniform heat distribution is present in the treatment solution and is maintained after the (possibly preheated) component has been introduced into the treatment solution, or is established again at least within 5 minutes, in particular within 3 minutes. Here, when there is a temperature difference of ± 0.5 ℃ at maximum in the volume of the treatment solution, the heat distribution is considered to be uniform.
The heating column can be designed in particular as a solid or hollow cylinder. If the heating column is of hollow-cylindrical design, the treatment container can have an opening centrally in the container bottom, wherein the heating column forms a seal between the treatment solution and the outside of the treatment container. Alternatively, a further container wall can be arranged on the opening of the container bottom, and the hollow heating column can be arranged surrounding the further container wall.
In particular, the at least one heating column may have a surface profile in contact with the treatment solution, which follows the profile of the opening in the large-format component into which the heating column projects. If the component has a conical or barrel-shaped contour in the region of the openings or through-openings, for example, it is advantageous for the heat distribution in the treatment solution if the heating column forms a conical or barrel-shaped inner contour in a spaced-apart manner. Thereby making the distance between the member and the at least one heating column uniform.
Preferably, the treatment container is closed after the introduction of the at least one component until the end of the treatment duration. For this purpose, at least one lid is provided for the respective treatment container. The cover enables rapid temperature compensation between the treatment solution in the treatment container and the at least one component, and possibly also a separately inserted support device for accommodating the at least one component and the like. Furthermore, the process solution is prevented from evaporating from the respective process containers, and heat loss is minimized, so that heating of the process containers can be minimized. Alternatively, only a hood or the like can be provided, which reduces heat and evaporation losses.
In order to reduce the heating costs for the operation of the treatment container, pressure loading is also carried out, wherein the treatment container and the lid closing the treatment container are operated in a pressurized manner, similar to a pressure cooker.
In the treatment container, a receiving device can be provided, which is suitable for maintaining the at least one component in the treatment medium for a predetermined treatment time. The receiving device can thus be a cradle which is firmly attached to the respective processing container or, like a separate cradle or the like, is introduced into or mounted on the processing container only temporarily. Furthermore, such a bracketing or carrier may simultaneously accommodate a plurality of components, so that a plurality of components may be simultaneously processed in one processing container. Furthermore, the receiving device may be provided by a crane which transfers at least one component (possibly including also the carrier frame internally) to the respective processing container for processing and holds it in the respective processing container during the predetermined processing.
In order to achieve a more uniform formation of the conversion layer on the component surface, the component can be moved in the treatment medium. In the case of bearing rings, it has proven to be suitable to rotate them about the bearing ring axis at a rotational speed of 0 to 3 m/s.
The at least one heating column preferably extends over at least 50% of the height H of the container wall, starting from the container bottom in the direction of the at least one lid. Alternatively or in combination therewith, the at least one heating column extends from the at least one lid in the direction of the container bottom over at least 50% of the height H of the container wall. If only one heating column is provided, it should extend over at least 80% of the height of the vessel wall. It is also possible to have two heating columns of different lengths, which are designed to point toward one another starting from the bottom and the lid of the container.
In respect of uniform radial heat dissipation, it has proven to be suitable for the at least one heating column to have a circular outer circumference in plan view. In this case, at least one heating column is set up to dissipate heat radially to the treatment solution. In particular, at least one heating column is electrically heated.
The treatment container preferably also has at least one heating element which is arranged in the region of the container wall and is set up to dissipate heat to the treatment solution in the direction of the at least one heating column. In this case, the at least one heating element may be formed annularly. In particular, such an annular heating element extends over at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, of the height H of the container wall.
Alternatively, the at least one heating element can be of rod-shaped or plate-shaped design. It is possible to arrange the heating element in the form of one or more serpentine tubes in the region of the vessel wall. In particular, at least four heating elements are arranged on the container wall at the same distance from one another around at least one heating column. However, more than four heating elements may be provided to further improve heat distribution and thermal uniformity. The rod-shaped heating element is arranged in particular upright on the vessel wall. The at least one heating element preferably extends over at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, of the height H of the container wall.
In particular, the at least one heating element can have a surface profile in contact with the process solution, which follows the outer contour of the large-format component. If the component has an outer contour, for example a conical or barrel-shaped outer contour, it is advantageous for the heat distribution in the treatment solution if the heating element forms the conical or barrel-shaped outer contour in a spaced-apart manner. Thereby, the distance between the member and the at least one heating element is made uniform.
It has proven particularly effective for the at least one heating element to be flowed through and heated by hot heat transfer oil.
In particular, a plurality of heating elements is arranged in the treatment vessel in such a way that each heating element is arranged equidistantly to at least one heating column.
It is particularly noted that the heating elements are arranged as symmetrically as possible in the treatment vessel, wherein at least one heating column is arranged centrally in the middle of the treatment vessel (in top view) and one or more heating elements are arranged in the region of the wall of the treatment vessel (preferably equidistant from the one or more heating columns). The formation of as uniform a distance as possible between the surface of the component and the at least one heating column on the one hand and the heating element on the other hand is essential here for achieving a uniform heat distribution in the treatment solution and thus a uniform conversion layer thickness.
The distance between the surface of the component and the heating device, that is to say the heating column or the heating element, is preferably less than 50 cm. This ensures a particularly rapid and uniform distribution of heat in the treatment solution.
The treatment container is preferably configured with a circular, square or hexagonal container circumference as seen in top view. This simplifies the uniform distribution of the heating elements and thus the distribution of heat in the treatment vessel. A circular treatment vessel is particularly preferred in order to minimize the amount of treatment solution required when treating the bearing ring. In this case, the heating column(s) and the heating elements can also be arranged in a particularly simple manner at a uniform distance from the large-format component. Circular treatment vessels with diameters in the range of 3.2m to 5m are particularly preferred. The height of the treatment solution is in particular at most 1m in order to limit the volume to be heated and also to be able to apply the heating power required for uniform heating of the treatment solution.
The at least one cover may comprise at least two cover sections, the cover sections being movable independently of each other. In this case, the at least one cover or the at least one cover section can be mounted in a horizontally translatory manner or in a rotatable manner about an axis of rotation. Vertical lifting of the lid (lifting movement), for example by means of a crane, is also possible. It has furthermore proven to be suitable for at least one cover itself or the cover section to be heatable. The free surface of the treatment solution can thus also be protected against thermal losses.
It has generally proven to be suitable for the treatment container, in particular the lid, to be designed to be thermally insulated from the surroundings. This reduces the heat radiation and thus the heating energy required in the treatment solution to maintain a uniform heat distribution.
In particular, the installation according to the invention comprises at least two treatment vessels. Such a treatment container can be filled with a liquid medium in the form of a degreasing medium, a rinsing medium, an oxidation treatment medium, a phosphating medium, oil or the like for forming the treatment solution.
This task is solved for a method for treating the surface of at least one large format component having a diameter or size in the range of 0.5m to 12m in a plant according to the invention, comprising the following steps performed in succession:
providing at least one treatment vessel filled with a treatment solution;
heating the treatment solution to a treatment temperature by means of at least one heating column and also at least one heating element;
introducing at least one component into the heated treatment solution;
heating the treatment solution and the at least one component to a treatment temperature and maintaining the treatment temperature over a treatment period; and is
Removing the at least one treated component from the at least one treatment vessel.
By using the installation according to the invention, large-format components can be treated particularly uniformly in the region of their surface. In particular, when carrying out an oxidation treatment or phosphating process, large-format components can be provided with a uniform conversion layer.
It is more difficult to maintain a uniform temperature for the processing containers required for processing large format components and correspondingly also very large format processing tanks than for smaller processing tanks. Therefore, during the oxidation treatment, the temperature of the treatment solution must be kept below the boiling temperature in order to form a conversion layer of iron (II, III) oxide, which adheres strongly to the component and is accordingly wear-resistant. If the temperature of the treatment solution drops too far below the boiling temperature, not iron (II, III) oxide but only red rust (Fe) is formed2O3) The red rust is more bulky and is not sufficiently adhered to the member. Therefore, not only are areas of the conversion layer of different thicknesses (thickness difference between about 0.5 and 2 μm) of different colors created on the member, but the wear resistance of the conversion layer is locally different due to the different adhesion to the metal substrate.
It has also proven to be suitable for the method to process at least two components simultaneously in one processing vessel. It has furthermore proven to be suitable to process a plurality of components simultaneously in a plurality of processing containers of a plant. Thereby, the utilization of the facility and the yield of the finished processed components can be improved.
Furthermore, it has also proven suitable for the method to preheat the component to be treated before it is introduced into the first treatment solution of the installation. This significantly reduces the processing time in the first processing vessel and enables a faster heat compensation with the processing solution.
Large-format components are in particular metallic bearing components for rolling bearings or plain bearings, metallic motor vehicle components and the like. Such large-format components, in particular in the form of metallic bearing components such as bearing rings or rolling bodies, are necessary for example for use in wind power installations. In the case of the treatment of the bearing rings, it has also proven to be suitable to carry out the treatment in a flat position in a treatment vessel.
Drawings
Fig. 1 to 7 are intended to illustrate an installation and a method according to the invention. Thus wherein:
fig. 1 schematically shows a first installation with square treatment vessels in a section I-I (see fig. 2) in a top view;
fig. 2 shows a first installation according to fig. 1 in a side view in section II-II;
fig. 3 schematically shows a first installation in top view, equipped with three components;
fig. 4 schematically shows a first installation, equipped with five components, in top view;
fig. 5 shows schematically, in side view and in section, a first installation equipped with three members;
fig. 6 schematically shows a second installation with a round treatment vessel in a section VI-VI (see fig. 7) in top view; and is
Fig. 7 shows the second installation in a side view in section VII-VII according to fig. 6.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 schematically shows a
Fig. 2 shows the
Fig. 3 schematically shows the
Fig. 4 schematically shows a
Fig. 5 schematically shows in side view and in section a
Fig. 6 schematically shows a second installation 100' for treating the surface of a large-
Fig. 7 shows a second installation 100' according to fig. 6 in a side view in a section VII-VII. The same reference numerals as in fig. 6 denote the same elements. In this case, it can be seen that the treatment container 1' has a container bottom 1a and a
Fig. 1 to 7 show only embodiments of the installation according to the invention. The installation can therefore also have a first heating column proceeding from the container bottom 1a and a second heating column proceeding from the lid 3, which are dimensioned in terms of their length such that they do not touch. Furthermore, the cover 3 or the
A method according to the invention for treating the surface of a large-format metal component 10 (bearing ring) having a diameter of 10m will now be described in an exemplary manner below with reference to fig. 6 and 7. Five treatment vessels 1' according to fig. 6 are provided side by side, wherein a first treatment vessel is filled with a degreasing medium, a second treatment vessel is filled with a rinsing medium, a third treatment vessel is filled with an oxidizing treatment solution, a fourth treatment vessel is filled with a further rinsing medium, and the fifth treatment solution is filled with oil. The respective treatment medium or
List of reference numerals
1. 1' treatment vessel
1a bottom of container
1b container wall
1c outer periphery of container
2 treatment solution
3 cover
3a, 3b cover sections
4. 4' heating column
5. 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d heating element
6 opening
10. 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d member
100. 100' facility
H height of the
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