阅读说明：本技术 一种秸秆粉碎清理机组 (Straw smashing and cleaning unit ) 是由 孙东宝 王庆锁 孙大兴 于 2020-07-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种秸秆粉碎清理机组,包括连接在安装架上的清理机构、传动机构和位于清理机构前端的粉碎机构,传动机构包括连接在安装架上的发动机输出轴、第一传动轴和第二传动轴,第二传动轴与发动机输出轴通过相交轴齿轮副相连,第一传动轴与第二传动轴皮带传动连接；清理机构包括粉碎耙杆和粉碎耙,粉碎耙杆连接在安装架的横梁上,清理爬杆的一端通过与第二传动轴通过相交轴齿轮副连接；粉碎机构粉碎轮片和锤片,粉碎轮片倾斜的固定连接在第二传动轴上,锤片固定连接在第二传动轴上。在秸秆清理之前将其粉碎,加快清理速度,减轻清理车辆负担,加速秸秆分解又不影响播种出苗。(The invention provides a straw crushing and cleaning unit which comprises a cleaning mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a crushing mechanism, wherein the cleaning mechanism is connected to a mounting frame, the crushing mechanism is positioned at the front end of the cleaning mechanism, the transmission mechanism comprises an engine output shaft, a first transmission shaft and a second transmission shaft, the engine output shaft, the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft are connected to each other through a crossed shaft gear pair, and the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft are in belt transmission connection; the cleaning mechanism comprises a crushing rake rod and a crushing rake, the crushing rake rod is connected to a cross beam of the mounting frame, and one end of the cleaning climbing rod is connected with the second transmission shaft through a gear pair with a crossed shaft; the crushing mechanism comprises a crushing wheel piece and a hammer piece, wherein the crushing wheel piece is obliquely and fixedly connected to the second transmission shaft, and the hammer piece is fixedly connected to the second transmission shaft. The straw is crushed before being cleaned, so that the cleaning speed is accelerated, the burden of a cleaning vehicle is reduced, the straw decomposition is accelerated, and the seeding emergence is not influenced.)

1. The utility model provides a clearance unit is smashed to straw which characterized in that: the vehicle-mounted crushing device comprises a mounting rack (7) connected to a suspension mechanism in front of a matched vehicle, wherein a cleaning mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a crushing mechanism are mounted on the mounting rack (7), and the crushing mechanism is positioned at the front end of the cleaning mechanism;

the transmission mechanism comprises an engine output shaft (8), a first transmission shaft (2) and a second transmission shaft (9) of a matched tractor, wherein the engine output shaft (8), the first transmission shaft (2) and the second transmission shaft (9) are connected to the mounting frame (7) through bearings, the second transmission shaft (9) is connected with the engine output shaft (8) through a crossed shaft gear pair, and the first transmission shaft (2) is in belt transmission connection with the second transmission shaft (9);

the cleaning mechanism comprises a crushing rake rod (14), a crushing rake (5) fixedly connected to the crushing rake rod (14) and cleaning teeth (15) fixed to the mounting frame (7), the cleaning teeth (15) are located behind the cleaning teeth (5), the crushing rake rod (14) is connected to a cross beam of the mounting frame (7) through a bearing, and one end of the cleaning climbing rod (14) is connected with the second transmission shaft (9) through a crossed shaft gear pair;

crushing mechanism include crushing round piece (4) and hammer leaf (1), the fixed connection of crushing round piece (4) slope is on second transmission shaft (2), hammer leaf (1) fixed connection is on second transmission shaft (2) of the both sides of crushing round piece (4), crushing round piece (4) on fixedly connected with smash tooth (3).

2. The straw crushing and cleaning unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the center of crushing wheel piece (4) seted up the inclined hole, the edge of inclined hole extend ring shape protruding edge (12), second transmission shaft (2) pass inclined hole and ring shape protruding edge (12), the ring shape protruding edge (12) and second transmission shaft (2) and last seted up the through-hole, crushing wheel piece (4) pass through-hole fixed connection through the bolt with second transmission shaft (2).

3. The straw crushing and cleaning unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the hammer pieces (1) are distributed on two sides of the crushing wheel piece.

4. The straw crushing and cleaning unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the acute angle between the diameter of the crushing wheel sheet (4) and the axis of the second transmission shaft (2) is (15) - (85) degrees.

5. The straw crushing and cleaning unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the crushing harrow (5) is Y-shaped.

6. The straw crushing and cleaning unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the edge of the hammer piece (1) is in a sawtooth shape.

7. The straw crushing and cleaning unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the output shaft (8) is provided with a universal connecting shaft device, and the mounting frame (7) is connected with a hydraulic lifting mechanism.

8. The straw crushing and cleaning unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the engine output shaft (8) is connected with a third transmission shaft (13) through a crossed shaft gear pair, and the second transmission shaft (9) is connected with the third transmission shaft (13) through a parallel shaft gear pair.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a straw smashing and cleaning unit.

Background

The straw returning can fertilize the land capability, and can also reduce the atmospheric pollution caused by straw burning and increase the fertilizer and the yield. The crop straw contains certain nutrients, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein and ash elements, has more organic matters and also has nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like. If the straw is transported away from the field, the organic matter remained in the soil is only about 10 percent, which causes the soil fertility to be reduced. Then, the fertilizer can be supplemented only by fertilizing or returning the straws to the field. The straw returning promotes the activity of microorganisms. Soil microorganisms have important functions of decomposing soil organic matters and purifying soil in the whole agricultural ecological system. The straw returning increases a large amount of energy substances for soil microorganisms, the number of various microorganisms and the enzyme activity are correspondingly increased, so that the decomposition of organic substances and the conversion of mineral nutrients are accelerated, the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the soil are increased, and the effectiveness of the soil nutrients is also improved. The black colloid substances such as cellulose, lignin, polysaccharide, humic acid and the like generated after the decomposition and conversion of the microorganisms have the capability of binding soil particles, form an organic and inorganic complex with clay minerals, promote the soil to form a granular structure, reduce the soil capacity, increase the coordination capability of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil, improve the water retention, fertilizer retention and fertilizer supply capability of the soil and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The straw returning can reduce the usage amount of chemical fertilizer. The nitrogen absorbed by the crops is mainly from the original nitrogen in the soil. Only 23% -24% from the fertilizer, soil organics are still the most important for crop growth. Therefore, returning the straws to the field is an excellent method for making up the defects of long-term use of the fertilizer. The agricultural ecological environment can be improved by returning the straws to the field. 80% of straws in rural areas are mainly subjected to combustion treatment, so that air pollution, traffic influence, soil surface layer coking and the like are caused, and sometimes fire disasters are caused. In addition, the agricultural ecological environment is also influenced by the random disposal of the straws. Therefore, the straw returning is beneficial to realizing the comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes.

During the process of returning the straws to the field, various straws are harvested and then preferably immediately ploughed into the soil to avoid water loss and be difficult to decompose, attention is paid to the field, and the straws are cut up by a machine with enough horsepower, so that the decomposition of the straws can be accelerated, and the seeding and seedling emergence are not influenced.

The existing straw cleaning machine is used for cutting corn straws together in a ridge mode, so that the corn straws cannot be completely returned to the field, air pollution is caused, or a large amount of labor is consumed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to relate to a straw crushing and cleaning unit, which is used for crushing straws for three times before cleaning, accelerating the cleaning speed, reducing the burden of a matched vehicle, accelerating the decomposition of the straws and not influencing the seeding and seedling emergence.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a straw crushing and cleaning unit comprises a mounting frame 7 connected to a suspension mechanism in front of a matched vehicle, wherein a cleaning mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a crushing mechanism are mounted on the mounting frame 7, and the crushing mechanism is positioned at the front end of the cleaning mechanism; the transmission mechanism comprises an engine output shaft 8, a first transmission shaft 2 and a second transmission shaft 9 of a matched tractor, which are connected to the mounting frame 7 through bearings, the second transmission shaft 9 is connected with the engine output shaft 8 through a crossed shaft gear pair, and the first transmission shaft 2 is in belt transmission connection with the second transmission shaft 9; the cleaning mechanism comprises a crushing rake rod 14, a crushing rake 5 fixedly connected to the crushing rake rod 14 and cleaning teeth 15 fixed on the mounting frame 7, the cleaning teeth 15 are positioned behind the cleaning teeth 5, the crushing rake rod 14 is connected to a cross beam of the mounting frame 7 through a bearing, and one end of the cleaning climbing rod 14 is connected with the second transmission shaft 9 through a crossed shaft gear pair; crushing mechanism include crushing round piece 4 and hammer leaf 1, the fixed connection of 4 slopes of crushing round piece is on second transmission shaft 2, hammer leaf 1 fixed connection is on the second transmission shaft 2 of 4 both sides of crushing round piece, crushing round piece 4 on fixedly connected with smash tooth 3.

As a more excellent technical scheme of the invention: the engine output shaft 8 is connected with a third transmission shaft 13 through a crossed shaft gear pair, and the second transmission shaft 9 and the third transmission shaft 13 are connected through a parallel shaft gear pair.

As a more excellent technical scheme of the invention: the center of the crushing wheel piece 4 is provided with an inclined hole, the edge of the inclined hole extends out of a circular convex edge 12, the second transmission shaft 2 penetrates through the inclined hole and the circular convex edge 12, the circular convex edge 12 and the second transmission shaft 2 are provided with through holes, and the crushing wheel piece 4 and the second transmission shaft 2 penetrate through the through holes through bolts to be fixedly connected.

As a more excellent technical scheme of the invention: the end face of the crushing wheel piece 4 is provided with more than two grooves 11 along the diameter, and the crushing teeth 3 are arranged in the grooves 11 and connected through fixing bolts 10.

As a more excellent technical scheme of the invention: the hammer pieces 1 are arranged on two sides of the crushing wheel piece 4.

As a more excellent technical scheme of the invention: the acute angle between the diameter of the crushing wheel sheet 4 and the axis of the second transmission shaft 2 is 15-85 degrees.

As a more excellent technical scheme of the invention: the grinding harrow 5 is Y-shaped.

As a more excellent technical scheme of the invention: the edge of the hammer sheet 1 is in a sawtooth shape.

As a more excellent technical scheme of the invention: the output shaft 8 on install universal coupling, mounting bracket 7 be connected with hydraulic pressure elevating system.

The beneficial effects are as follows:

the straw crushing and cleaning unit provided by the invention realizes fine crushing, wherein the crushing round sheets crush straws at the ridge bottom firstly and clean the straws to an adjacent ridge, the hammer sheets which are right above the ridge correspondingly crush the straws again, the crushing harrow is driven by the crushing harrow rods to crush for the third time, uncrushed straws at the ridge are driven to the ridge bottom, and the cleaning rods concentrate the uncrushed straws at the ridge bottom to one place. The straw is crushed for three times before being cleaned, so that the technical effect of complete crushing is realized, the covering width of the crushing mechanism is the same as that of the cleaning mechanism, the cleaning speed is accelerated, the burden of a cleaning vehicle is reduced, the decomposition of the straw is accelerated, and the seeding and seedling emergence are not influenced.

The invention solves the problems that the rotting of the straws after returning to the field does not thoroughly affect the next year cultivation and the like due to the phenomena of fertilizer competition with seedlings, low ground temperature, water leakage, weed cluster or straw rotting caused by insufficient rainfall and the like, and the yield of the crops is obviously increased.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a shredder wheel blade according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a straw crushing and cleaning unit, which comprises an installation frame 7 connected to a suspension mechanism in front of a matched vehicle, wherein a cleaning mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a crushing mechanism are installed on the installation frame 7, and the crushing mechanism is positioned at the front end of the cleaning mechanism; the transmission mechanism comprises an engine output shaft 8, a first transmission shaft 2, a second transmission shaft 9 and a third transmission shaft 13 of a matched tractor, which are connected on the mounting frame 7 through bearings, the third transmission shaft 13 is connected with the engine output shaft 8 through a crossed shaft gear pair, the second transmission shaft 9 is connected with the third transmission shaft 13 through a parallel shaft gear pair, and the first transmission shaft 2 is in belt transmission connection with the second transmission shaft 9; the cleaning mechanism comprises a crushing rake rod 14, a crushing rake 5 fixedly connected to the crushing rake rod 14 and cleaning teeth 15 fixed on the mounting frame 7, the cleaning teeth 15 are positioned behind the cleaning teeth 5, the crushing rake rod 14 is connected to a cross beam of the mounting frame 7 through a bearing, and one end of the cleaning climbing rod 14 is connected with the second transmission shaft 9 through a crossed shaft gear pair; crushing mechanism include crushing round piece 4 and hammer leaf 1, the fixed connection of 4 slopes of crushing round piece is on second transmission shaft 2, hammer leaf 1 fixed connection is on the second transmission shaft 2 of 4 both sides of crushing round piece, crushing round piece 4 on fixedly connected with smash tooth 3.

In some embodiments, an inclined hole is formed in the center of the crushing wheel piece 4, an annular convex edge 12 extends from the edge of the inclined hole, the second transmission shaft 2 penetrates through the inclined hole and the annular convex edge 12, the annular convex edge 12 and the second transmission shaft 2 are provided with through holes, and the crushing wheel piece 4 and the second transmission shaft 2 penetrate through the through holes through bolts to be fixedly connected.

In some embodiments, the crushing wheel piece 4 is provided with more than two grooves 11 along the diameter on the end surface, and the crushing teeth 3 are arranged in the grooves 11 and connected through fixing bolts 10. The height of the crushing teeth 3 is adjusted according to the depth of the ridge bottom, and the crushing teeth are used for adapting to different planting conditions.

In some embodiments, the hammer blades 1 are arranged on two sides of the crushing wheel blade 4.

In some embodiments, the acute angle between the diameter of the crushing wheel sheet 4 and the axis of the second transmission shaft 2 is 15-85 degrees.

In some embodiments, the grating rake 5 is Y-shaped.

In some embodiments, the edge of the hammer 1 is serrated.

In some embodiments, the output shaft 8 is provided with a universal coupling, and the mounting frame 7 is connected with a hydraulic lifting mechanism.

The specific working process of the invention is as follows:

the invention is hung in front of a matching vehicle, the matching vehicle pushes a crushing mechanism and a cleaning mechanism to move forward, an engine output shaft 8 of a tractor rotates and drives a third transmission shaft 13 to rotate through a bevel gear, the third transmission shaft 13 drives a second transmission shaft 9 to rotate through a flat gear, the second transmission shaft 9 drives a crushing harrow rod 14 to rotate through the bevel gear, meanwhile, a belt of the second transmission shaft 9 drives a belt pulley in the middle of the first transmission shaft 9 to rotate, belt pulleys at two ends of the first transmission shaft 9 drive belt pulleys fixed at two ends of the second transmission shaft 2 to rotate through a belt 6, further, the second transmission shaft 2 rotates and drives a hammer sheet 1 and a crushing wheel sheet 4 to rotate, crushing teeth 3 on the crushing wheel sheet 4 crush or turn the straws out to the range covered by the hammer sheet 1, the saw-toothed hammer sheet 1 crushes the straws more thoroughly, and then the crushing harrow rod 14 of the cleaning mechanism, the quantity of smashing the rake pole 14 be 4, two adjacent smashing rake poles 14 are a set of, two smashing rake pole direction of rotation of every group are the same, two sets of rotation direction of smashing the rake pole 14 are opposite, simultaneously inwards rotate, and the intermediate position corresponds in two adjacent smashing rake poles 14 is the ridge platform, Y-shaped smashing rake 5 is further smashing the straw and will smashing the straw after along with smashing the rotation of rake pole 14 and remove to between two ridge platforms, smash remaining straw after 5 handles and clear up the fallow area together with the field straw through clearance tooth 15, guarantee that the fallow area does not have the straw, or only a small amount of straw, reach high quality cultivation standard.

The straw smashing and cleaning unit provided by the invention realizes fine smashing, wherein the smashing circular sheets smash straws at the bottom of the ridge firstly and clean the straws to the ridge, the hammer sheets which are right above the ridge correspondingly smash the straws again, the smashing rakes smash the straws for the third time under the driving of the smashing rakes, the unpulverized straws at the ridge are driven to the bottom of the ridge, and the cleaning bars concentrate the unpulverized straws at the bottom of the ridge to one place.

The crushing roller 4 of the present invention is located right above the ridge bottom, the hammer is located right above two adjacent ridges, two crushing raker 14 are arranged above each ridge, the rotation directions of the two crushing raker 14 are the same, the two crushing raker rotate towards the ridge bottom between the two adjacent ridges, one of the two crushing raker 14 on each ridge is located above the center of the ridge, and the other crushing raker is located above the edges of the ridge.

The crushing harrow 5 is arranged on the same circumference of each crushing harrow bar 14 of the invention and is arranged on two same straight lines. The Y-shaped branches of two crushing rakes 5 on adjacent crushing rake rods 14 are close to each other in branching distance, and the two crushing rakes 5 form a crushing and crushing rake group.

The crushing wheel piece 4 and the hammer piece 1 are positioned at the forefront, and the straws are firstly crushed and then pass through the crushing harrow 5.

In some working processes, when two ridges or three ridges are worked, the number of the crushing wheel sheets 4 is one, the crushing wheel sheets are arranged in the middle of the second transmission shaft 2, and the hammer sheets 1 are fixedly connected to the second transmission shafts 2 on two sides of the crushing wheel sheets 4.

In some working processes, when the working is carried out in more than four ridges, the number of the crushing wheel sheets 4 is two or three, the crushing wheel sheets are uniformly distributed on the second transmission shaft 2, and the hammer sheets 1 are fixedly connected on the second transmission shaft 2 between two adjacent crushing wheel sheets 4.

In some working processes, when the operation of four ridges, a straw crushing cleaning unit be two, the belt pulley of one side of one of them first transmission shaft 9 and the belt pulley fixed connection of one side of another first transmission shaft 9 are as an organic whole, the belt pulley of one side of one of them second transmission shaft 2 and the belt pulley fixed connection of one side of another second transmission shaft 2 are as an organic whole, the side of the crushing harrow support of cleaning mechanism passes through link fixed connection as an organic whole.

In some working processes, when six ridges work, the straw smashing and cleaning machine set provided by the utility model has three units, and the work above the six ridges can be analogized.

The matching vehicle is in a front driving mode, has small damage degree to soil cultivation layers, and is an ideal soil protective tillage machine.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the description of the present specification, the "front" refers to the direction of the head of the supporting tractor, and the "rear" refers to the direction of the tail of the supporting tractor.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.