Method for manufacturing hollow screw
阅读说明:本技术 制造中空螺钉的方法 (Method for manufacturing hollow screw ) 是由 C·G·哈特 于 2015-07-07 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明涉及制造中空螺钉的方法,其包括以下步骤:从大致平坦的金属材料形成浅杯,浅杯在其一端具有径向向外延伸的粗切凸缘;从浅杯挤出长形中空本体;将大致径向向外延伸的粗切凸缘夹持并弄平成螺钉头部的所需的尺寸和形状;退火以软化至少长形中空本体;将多个螺纹滚压至软化的长形中空本体的外部的至少一部分,由此将长形中空本体形成为大致平滑的杆部分和螺纹部分;和硬化中空螺钉。(The invention relates to a method for producing a hollow screw, comprising the following steps: forming a shallow cup from a generally planar metallic material, the shallow cup having a rough cut flange extending radially outwardly at one end thereof; extruding an elongated hollow body from a shallow cup; clamping and flattening the substantially radially outwardly extending rough cut flange to a desired size and shape of the screw head; annealing to soften at least the elongated hollow body; rolling the plurality of threads to at least a portion of the exterior of the softened elongated hollow body, thereby forming the elongated hollow body into a substantially smooth stem portion and a threaded portion; and hardening the hollow screw.)
1. A method of manufacturing a hollow screw comprising the steps of:
forming a shallow cup from a generally planar metallic material, the shallow cup having a rough cut flange extending radially outwardly at one end thereof;
extruding an elongated hollow body from a shallow cup;
clamping and flattening the substantially radially outwardly extending rough cut flange to a desired size and shape of the screw head;
annealing to soften at least the elongated hollow body;
rolling the plurality of threads to at least a portion of the exterior of the softened elongated hollow body, thereby forming the elongated hollow body into a substantially smooth stem portion and a threaded portion; and
the hollow screw is hardened.
2. The method of claim 1 including the step of stamping a generally circular blank from a flat coil of metal material including corrosion resistant a286 steel.
3. A method according to claim 1, including the step of redrawing the elongate hollow body into a stem portion and a redrawing portion, the redrawing portion having an outer diameter which is relatively narrower than the outer diameter of the stem portion.
4. The method of claim 1, including the step of applying internal splines or cross recesses to the screw head.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the annealing step comprises: a step of heating the hollow screw at an elevated temperature of about 950-.
6. The method of claim 1 including the step of inserting a stabilizing pin into the elongated hollow body during the rolling step, the stabilizing pin having an outer diameter approximately the size of the inner diameter of the threaded portion of the elongated hollow body, the stabilizing pin supporting the peripheral wall thereof to prevent collapse during the rolling step.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hardening step includes the step of heat treating the hollow screw by precipitation hardening at a temperature of about 690-720 degrees celsius for about 16 hours.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the hollow screw comprises a hardness of about 42 rockwell C and the thread comprises a strength of about 1200 and 1400MPa after the hardening step.
9. The method of claim 1, including the step of forming a rounded nose from one end of the elongated hollow body.
10. The method of claim 1, including the step of keying a recess formed in the bottom to the closed end of the elongated hollow body.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight of the hollow screw is about 1/2 of the weight of a solid screw of sufficient thread strength.
12. A method of manufacturing a hollow screw comprising the steps of:
forming an elongated hollow body having a wall thickness of about 0.2 to about 0.7 millimeters from a substantially flat metallic material;
clamping and flattening one end of the elongated hollow body to the desired size and shape of the screw head;
annealing at a high temperature of about 950-;
rolling a plurality of threads to at least a portion of an exterior of the softened elongated hollow body; and
the hollow screw is hardened to a hardness of 42 rockwell C, wherein the threads comprise a strength of about 1200 and 1400 MPa.
13. The method of claim 12 including the step of stamping a generally circular blank from a flat coil of metal material including a corrosion resistant material, a286 steel.
14. A method according to claim 12, including the step of redrawing the elongate hollow body into a stem portion and a redrawing portion, the redrawing portion having an outer diameter which is relatively narrower than the outer diameter of the stem portion.
15. The method of claim 12 including the step of inserting a stabilizing pin into the elongated hollow body during the rolling step, the stabilizing pin having an outer diameter approximately the size of the inner diameter of the threaded portion of the elongated hollow body, the stabilizing pin supporting the peripheral wall to prevent collapse during the rolling step.
16. The method of claim 12, including the step of forming a nose rounded from one end of the elongated hollow body and keying a recess formed in the bottom into the nose.
17. A method of manufacturing a hollow screw comprising the steps of:
forming a shallow cup and a radially outwardly extending rough cut flange from a generally circular flat metallic material;
extruding an elongated hollow body from a shallow cup;
clamping and flattening the substantially radially outwardly extending rough cut flange to a desired size and shape of the screw head;
turning the screw head into a central curved dome with an outwardly extending skirt;
the center bending round top is reconstructed into a polygonal shape;
stamping the skirt into an integral gasket;
annealing to soften at least the elongated hollow body;
inserting a stabilizing pin into the elongated hollow body, the stabilizing pin having an outer diameter approximately the size of the inner diameter of the elongated hollow body, the stabilizing pin supporting the peripheral wall therein;
rolling a plurality of threads to at least a portion of an exterior of the softened elongated hollow body;
stamping the spline recess to the screw head; and
the hollow screw is hardened.
18. A method according to claim 17, including the step of redrawing the elongate hollow body into a stem portion and a redrawing portion, the redrawing portion having an outer diameter which is relatively narrower than the outer diameter of the stem portion.
19. The method of claim 17, comprising the steps of:
stamping a generally circular blank from a flat coil of corrosion resistant material comprising a286 steel, wherein the elongated hollow body comprises a wall thickness of about 0.2 to about 0.7 millimeters;
heating the hollow screw at a high temperature of about 950-; and
precipitation hardening the hollow screw at a temperature of about 690-720 degrees Celsius for about 16 hours, wherein after precipitation hardening the hollow screw comprises a hardness of about 42 Rockwell C and the thread comprises a strength of about 1200-1400 MPa.
20. The method of claim 17, including the step of inserting a washer on the elongated hollow body prior to the rolling step, the washer configured to float freely between the integral washer and the threads.
21. The method of claim 20, including the step of forming a rounded nose from one end of the elongated hollow body and keying the bottom-formed recess into the nose.
22. A method of manufacturing a hollow screw comprising the steps of:
forming a shallow cup from a generally planar metallic material, the shallow cup having a rough cut flange extending radially outwardly at one end thereof;
extruding an elongated hollow body from a shallow cup;
clamping and flattening the substantially radially outwardly extending rough cut flange to a desired size and shape of the screw head;
annealing to soften at least the elongated hollow body;
rolling the plurality of threads to at least a portion of the exterior of the softened elongated hollow body, thereby forming the elongated hollow body into a substantially smooth stem portion and a threaded portion;
inverting the screw head into a generally central curved dome having an outwardly extending skirt;
the center bending round top is reformed into an outer polygonal shape;
stamping the skirt into an integral gasket; and
the hollow screw is hardened.
23. The method of claim 22 including the step of stamping a generally circular blank from a flat coil of metal material including corrosion resistant a286 steel.
24. A method according to claim 22, including the step of redrawing the elongate hollow body into a stem portion and a redrawing portion, the redrawing portion having an outer diameter which is relatively narrower than the outer diameter of the stem portion.
25. The method of claim 22 including the step of forming the lock washer on the unitary washer in rotational relationship therewith.
26. The method of claim 22, including the step of applying internal splines or cross recesses to the screw head.
27. The method of claim 22, wherein the annealing step comprises: a step of heating the hollow screw at an elevated temperature of about 950-.
28. The method of claim 22 including the step of inserting a stabilizing pin into the elongated hollow body during the rolling step, the stabilizing pin having an outer diameter approximately the size of the inner diameter of the threaded portion of the elongated hollow body, the stabilizing pin supporting the peripheral wall thereof to prevent collapse during the rolling step.
29. The method as claimed in claim 22 wherein the hardening step includes the step of heat treating the hollow screw by precipitation hardening at a temperature of about 690-720 degrees celsius for about 16 hours.
30. The method of claim 22 wherein the hollow screw comprises a hardness of about 42 rockwell C and the thread comprises a strength of about 1200 and 1400MPa after the hardening step.
31. The method of claim 22, including the step of forming a rounded nose from one end of the elongated hollow body.
32. The method of claim 22, including the step of keying a recess formed in the bottom to the closed end of the elongated hollow body.
33. The method of claim 22, wherein the weight of the hollow screw is about 1/2 of the weight of a solid screw of sufficient thread strength.
34. A method of manufacturing a hollow screw comprising the steps of:
forming an elongated hollow body having a wall thickness of about 0.2 to about 0.7 millimeters from a substantially flat metallic material;
clamping and flattening one end of the elongated hollow body to the desired size and shape of the screw head;
inverting the screw head into a generally central curved dome having an outwardly extending skirt;
the center bending round top is reformed into an outer polygonal shape;
stamping the skirt into an integral gasket;
annealing at a high temperature of about 950-;
rolling a plurality of threads to at least a portion of an exterior of the softened elongated hollow body; and
the hollow screw is hardened to a hardness of 42 rockwell C, wherein the threads comprise a strength of about 1200 and 1400 MPa.
35. The method of claim 34 including the step of stamping a generally circular blank from a flat coil of metal material including the corrosion resistant material a286 steel.
36. A method according to claim 34, including the step of redrawing the elongate hollow body into a stem portion and a redrawing portion, the redrawing portion having an outer diameter which is relatively narrower than the outer diameter of the stem portion.
37. The method of claim 34 including the step of inserting a free formed washer over the elongated hollow body and bending its outer edge over the outer periphery of the unitary washer to at least partially clamp the unitary washer therein.
38. The method of claim 37, including the step of stamping the spline recess into the screw head.
39. The method of claim 34 including the step of inserting a stabilizing pin into the elongated hollow body during the rolling step, the stabilizing pin having an outer diameter approximately the size of the inner diameter of the threaded portion of the elongated hollow body, the stabilizing pin supporting the peripheral wall to prevent collapse during the rolling step.
40. The method of claim 34, including the step of forming a nose rounded from one end of the elongated hollow body and keying a recess formed in the bottom into the nose.
Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to a lightweight hollow metal stainless steel screw design, particularly for aerospace applications, and an associated method of manufacturing a hollow metal screw. The hollow metal screw is made by stamping from a generally circular sheet metal disc in one or more steps to form a hollow tubular head and screw shaft having a wall thickness of 0.2 to 0.7 mm. The shank is then annealed to soften the shank for thread rolling, after which the hollow metal screw is sufficiently hardened to meet aerospace thread strength requirements in a screw that is lighter than a similarly sized solid screw, and thus contributes to aircraft fuel economy.
Background
Screws are generally known in the art and tend to include a solid core over which is rolled to form a set of threads having a specified pitch and length. Generally, high strength corrosion resistant steel (CRES) material is preferred as the screw material because the threads of the hardened CRES can be repeatedly reinstalled into the threaded hole socket without thread damage. However, CRES constitutes a heavier metal material and therefore does not contribute to aircraft fuel economy, particularly when a typical aircraft includes thousands of such screws. Attempts to use lighter weight metals, such as solid core aluminum or titanium screws, have been limited in the ability of the machinist to repeatedly install and remove the same screws without damaging the threads due to thread wear.
In the past, threaded screws included solid cores or hollow screws supported by a core insert of plastic or the like. Unfortunately, the plastic core insert adds at least some weight, whereby the screw still limits its contribution to aircraft fuel economy.
The present invention comprises an improved hollow corrosion resistant metal screw wherein the screw is stamped from a generally circular disk of selected corrosion resistant metal material to provide a shaft wall thickness of 0.2 to 0.7 millimeters, then annealed to soften the metal material, then subsequently rolled by threads and then through a hardening step to provide a hollow metal screw having thread strength sufficient to withstand most aerospace applications, and to facilitate aircraft fuel economy by providing a hollow screw having corrosion resistant metal threads, wherein the hollow screw is about 50% of the weight of a solid core screw made of the same material. The present invention fulfills these needs and provides further advantages.
Disclosure of Invention
One embodiment of the hollow screw disclosed herein includes a head and an elongated hollow shaft extending integrally therefrom and formed from a flat blank of metallic material. The elongate hollow shaft includes a shaft portion and a threaded portion having a plurality of threads thereon. The rotary drive mechanism may be integrally formed from a flat blank of metal material and coupled with the head or elongated hollow shaft and configured to facilitate the fastening of the hollow screw by threads. In one embodiment, the rotary drive mechanism is a polygonal shape formed from a flat blank of metal material, wherein the polygonal shape may include an outer polygonal shape (e.g., a hexagon). Alternatively, the rotary drive mechanism may include an internal recess (e.g., a spline or cross-shaped recess) formed by the head. Such a recess may be formed as a flat head or a round head.
In another aspect of this embodiment, the unitary gasket may be formed from a flat blank of metal material and extending outwardly from the head. A lockwasher (captive washer) may be formed at least partially around the solid washer in a manner that allows the lockwasher to rotate freely relative to the solid washer, the head and the elongate hollow shaft. More specifically, the outer edge of the lockwasher may be directed upwardly and around the outer periphery of the unitary washer to attach the lockwasher adjacently around the unitary washer for clamping the unitary washer therein. In one embodiment, the lock washer may include a conductive material and have a thickness of about 0.15 to 0.30 millimeters.
In other aspects of this embodiment, the hollow screw may comprise an elongated hollow body having a constant diameter. In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the threads is greater than the outer diameter of the smoother shank portion. Here, the free floating washer may slide along the stem portion and be captured between the integral washer and the threaded portion when added prior to rolling the threads. Alternatively, the elongate hollow body may be formed from a stem portion having a first diameter that is relatively larger than a redrawn portion having a second smaller diameter, wherein threads are imparted to the redrawn portion during the rolling step.
In one embodiment, the resulting hollow screw may be made from a flat stock of metallic material including a corrosion resistant metallic material (e.g., a286 steel), wherein the elongated hollow shaft includes a wall thickness of about 0.2 to about 0.7 millimeters, while the threads have a strength of about 1200MPa to 1400MPa, and the weight of the hollow screw is about 1/2 of the weight of a solid screw of similar size and shape. Further, a nose may be formed at an end of the elongate hollow shaft opposite the head. In another aspect, the elongate hollow shaft may further include a cap on an end opposite the head, the cap configured to prevent fluid flow through the body of the hollow screw.
In another embodiment, a hollow screw as disclosed herein may include a head formed from a flat blank of metal material and an elongated hollow shaft formed from the flat blank of metal material and extending integrally from the head. In one embodiment, the elongate hollow shaft may include a shaft portion and a threaded portion having a plurality of threads thereon. Preferably, the thread has a strength of about 1200 to 1400 MPa. The threaded portion may be longer than the shank portion and the major diameter of the threads is greater than the diameter of the shank portion. Alternatively, the unitary gasket may be formed from a flat blank of metal material and have an increased horizontal surface area extending radially outwardly from the head. The lock washer may be positioned below the increased horizontal surface area and (optionally) have an outer rim that curves generally around the periphery of the unitary washer at least partially sandwiching the unitary washer therebetween. In another aspect of this embodiment, the wave washer can be sandwiched between the lockwasher and the enlarged horizontal surface area of the unitary washer. In either embodiment, the lock washer is free to rotate relative to the solid washer. To this end, a rotary drive mechanism, which is integrally formed from a flat blank of metal material and is connected to the head or the elongated hollow shaft, may be configured to facilitate fastening of the hollow screw by means of a thread and around the lock washer.
In one embodiment, the stem portion and the threaded portion of the elongate hollow shaft have a wall thickness of between about 0.2 to about 0.7 millimeters, and the lockwasher is made of an electrically conductive material having a thickness of about 0.15 to 0.30 millimeters. In another embodiment, the rotary drive mechanism may include an outer polygonal shape or an inner recess formed in the head from a flat blank of metal material, wherein the outer polygonal shape is hexagonal and the inner recess is a splined recess.
Alternatively, the rotary drive mechanism may include an internal recess stamped into the bottom of the elongate hollow shaft and stamped from a flat blank of metal material. In this embodiment, a nose may be formed at the end, particularly when the head is rounded or flat. Here, the elongated hollow shaft has a cap to prevent flow through the body of the hollow screw. Preferably, the flat stock of metal material is a corrosion resistant metal material, such as a286 steel.
In another embodiment, a hollow screw as disclosed herein may include a head formed of a corrosion resistant flat stock metal material, such as a286 steel. An elongated hollow shaft having a wall thickness of about 0.2 to about 0.7 millimeters may also be formed from a corrosion resistant flat stock metal material and extend from the head. The elongate hollow shaft preferably includes a shaft portion and a threaded portion having a plurality of threads thereon, wherein the threads have a strength of between about 1200MPa and 1400 MPa. The hollow screw may further comprise a rotational engagement mechanism, such as a polygonal shape or recess formed by the head or the elongated hollow shaft, and configured to allow fastening of the hollow screw by threading. Preferably, the rotary engagement mechanism is also formed from a corrosion resistant flat stock metal material and may include a hexagonal head or a splined recess.
In another aspect of this embodiment, the hollow screw may further include an integral washer formed by the head and having an enlarged horizontal and generally rounded surface area extending radially outward from the head. The lock washer is then positioned adjacent the increased horizontal surface area with the outer rim bent generally about the outer periphery of the unitary washer to at least partially sandwich the unitary washer therein. The lock washer is free to rotate relative to the integral washer and screw body. In one embodiment, the lock washer may have a thickness of 0.15 to 0.30 mm and be made of a conductive material. Further, the elongate hollow shaft may include a capped and tapered nose portion having a splined recess therein and positioned at an end opposite the head portion. In this aspect, the head preferably comprises a rounded, flat or tapered head, rather than a polygonal head similar to the hexagonal head described above.
A method for manufacturing a hollow screw as disclosed herein includes a step for forming a shallow cup having a radially outwardly extending rough cut flange at one end thereof, the shallow cup being formed from a generally flat metallic material, such as a generally circular blank stamped from a flat coil of corrosion resistant material such as a286 steel. An elongated and hollow body having a wall thickness of about 0.2 to about 0.7 millimeters can be extruded from a shallow cup. The rough cut flange, which extends generally radially outward, may then be trimmed and flattened to the desired size and shape of the screw head (e.g., flat or round head) as part of the clamping and flattening step. Next, the hollow screw may be annealed by heating the hollow screw at an elevated temperature of about 950-. Thereafter, the plurality of threads may be rolled onto at least a portion of the exterior of the softened elongated and hollow bodies to form the elongated and hollow bodies into substantially smooth shank and threaded portions, and then finally hardening the hollow screw in a final step by precipitation hardening at a temperature of about 690 and 720 degrees Celsius for about 16 hours. In one embodiment, the hollow screw may have a final hardness of about 42 Rockwell C, and the thread may have a strength of about 1200 and 1400MPa, and is about 1/2 of the weight of a solid core screw with sufficient thread strength.
Additionally, the method may include redrawing the elongated hollow body into a stem portion and a redrawing portion having an outer diameter narrower than the outer diameter of the stem portion. Further, the screw head may be inverted into a generally central curved dome with an outwardly extending skirt, then reconfigured into an outer polygonal shape, and the skirt stamped into an integral washer. In addition, the free formed washer may be formed as a lock washer on a unitary washer. A spline or cross-shaped recess may be further stamped into the screw head as a rotational drive mechanism. During the rolling step, the stabilizing pin may be inserted into the elongated hollow body. The outer diameter of the stabilizing pin is preferably approximately the size of the inner diameter of the threaded portion of the elongated hollow body. Thus, the stabilizing pins provide support to the inner circumferential wall to prevent inward collapse during the rolling step. In other aspects of the method, a rounded nose may be formed from one end of the elongated hollow body and a recess formed in the bottom may be stamped into the closed end of the elongated hollow body.
In another embodiment of the method of manufacturing a hollow screw disclosed herein, the method steps may include forming an elongated hollow body having a wall thickness of about 0.2 to about 0.7 millimeters from a substantially flat metallic material. One end of the elongated hollow body is then clamped and flattened to the desired size and shape of the screw head. The hollow screw is then annealed at a high temperature of about 950-. Next, a plurality of threads are rolled onto at least a portion of the exterior of the softened elongated hollow body and the hollow screw is finally hardened to a rockwell C hardness of about 42, wherein the threads have a strength of about 1200 and 1400 MPa.
The method may further comprise the steps of: stamping a generally circular blank from a flat roll blank of corrosion resistant material (e.g., a286 steel); the elongated hollow body is pulled into a rod part and a heavy-pulling part, and the outer diameter of the heavy-pulling part is narrower than the outer diameter of the rod part; inserting a stabilizing pin into the elongated hollow body; the threads are then rolled onto the exterior or outer surface of the elongated hollow body. As described above, the outer diameter of the stabilizing pin may be about the size of the inner diameter of the threaded portion of the elongated hollow body, so that the stabilizing pin may support its peripheral wall to prevent collapse when the threads are rolled.
In other aspects of the method, the screw head may be inverted into a generally central curved dome having an outwardly extending skirt. Next, the substantially central curved dome may be reconfigured into an outer polygonal shape (e.g., a hexagon). Thereafter, the skirt may be stamped into a unitary washer, wherein the freely formed washer inserted over the elongated hollow body may have an outer rim that is bent over an outer periphery of the unitary washer to at least partially sandwich the unitary washer therein. Furthermore, a rotary drive mechanism may be imparted to the hollow screw, for example by punching a threaded recess or a cross-shaped recess into the screw head or keying a recess formed in the bottom into the nose. In another aspect of the method, a rounded nose can be formed from one end of the elongated hollow body.
Another method for manufacturing a hollow screw may include: forming a shallow cup from a generally circular flat metal material and having a rough cutting flange extending radially outward at one end thereof, extruding an elongated and hollow body from the shallow cup, clamping and flattening the rough cutting flange extending radially outward to the desired size and shape of the screw head, inverting the screw head into a central curved dome having an outwardly extending skirt, reconfiguring the central curved dome into a polygonal shape, stamping the skirt into a unitary washer, annealing to soften at least the elongated hollow body, inserting a stabilizing pin into the elongated hollow body, the stabilizing pin having an outer diameter generally sized to the inner diameter of the elongated hollow body to support the peripheral wall therein, rolling a plurality of threads to at least a portion of the exterior of the softened elongated hollow body after the inserting step, stamping a spline recess into the screw head, and hardening the hollow screw.
Additionally, the method may include redrawing the elongated hollow body into a stem portion and a redrawn portion having an outer diameter narrower than an outer diameter of the stem portion, stamping a generally circular blank from a flat roll of corrosion resistant material comprising a286 steel, wherein the elongated hollow body comprises a wall thickness of about 0.2 to about 0.7 millimeters. Further, the hollow screw may be heated at an elevated temperature of about 950-. Furthermore, a washer may be inserted over the elongated hollow body prior to the rolling step, which allows the washer to float freely between the integral washer and the threads. In addition, a circular nose may be formed from one end of the elongated hollow body and formed with a bottom-mounted recess as a rotational drive mechanism.
In another aspect of the embodiments disclosed herein, a hollow nut may include a body having an internally threaded core and a first end having a radially outwardly extending flange. A lockwasher is formed at least partially around the radially outwardly extending flange, generally adjacent the first end, and is permitted to freely rotate relative to the nut when attached thereto, the lockwasher having an inner bore diameter larger than the internally threaded core to permit insertion of the threaded fastener. In this embodiment, the wave washer may also be sandwiched between the lock washer and the first end having the radially outwardly extending flange. Preferably, the body is formed from a flat blank of metal material.
Another embodiment of the hollow nut comprises: a body having an internally threaded core with at least one end having a radially extending flange; a wave washer positioned substantially adjacent the at least one end; and a lockwasher formed at least partially around the radially outwardly extending flange and generally sandwiching the wave washer therebetween, wherein the lockwasher is freely rotatable relative to the wave washer and the radially extending flange.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following more detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
Drawings
Detailed Description
As shown in the exemplary drawings, one embodiment of a hollow screw according to the present disclosure is generally indicated by
The resulting
With respect to the manufacturing process, fig. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a general process (200) for forming one or more variations of
In this regard, the subsequent redraw step (208) is optional. As shown in more detail in fig. 6, step (208) includes redrawing the narrower or redrawn
The next clamping step (210) is compatible with both variants as described above, i.e. the workpiece 46 has an elongated
As shown in the flow chart of fig. 2, the next step (212) is to invert the flat head 54 to form a generally inverted central
The next step (214) is to optionally reconfigure the
In addition to or in lieu of step (214), the
In one embodiment, the next step (218) may be annealing the now formed hollow screw workpiece to soften the corrosion resistant steel for thread rolling. In one embodiment, the annealing step (218) may be performed in a heat treatment at an elevated temperature of about 950-. The
In this regard, as part of step (220), the
After rolling the
Although, in another alternative embodiment, the
Alternatively, the hollow screw 10' and the free formed
Fig. 13 is an alternative embodiment to those shown in fig. 11 and 12 and pertains to steps (220) and (224). Fig. 13 shows the
Alternatively, step (224) may be performed on workpiece 80', whereby
In another aspect of the manufacturing method for making the various hollow screws disclosed herein, fig. 2 shows an additional and optional step (226) of deforming the threaded
In another aspect of the manufacturing method for manufacturing one or more of the hollow screws disclosed herein, fig. 2 illustrates an additional optional step of stamping the bottom-formed recess 92 into, for example, the
Fig. 16-21 illustrate various exemplary embodiments of hollow screws as disclosed herein. For example, fig. 16 shows an embodiment of a
Fig. 17 shows another embodiment of a hollow screw 10' in which the
Fig. 18 shows another alternative embodiment of
Fig. 19 is another alternative embodiment of the hollow screw 10' ″ wherein the threaded
Fig. 20 shows another alternative embodiment of the
Fig. 21 shows yet another variation of the
In addition, the head 20' is shown having an
Each of the features described above, of course, for example, the length of the
Fig. 22-24 more particularly illustrate the above embodiments with respect to the different diameter sizes of the
A slight difference between fig. 22 and 23 is that the
Fig. 25 shows another embodiment in which the
Similarly, the embodiments disclosed herein may be used to manufacture hollow nut 100 from flat stock of metallic or similar material, as shown in fig. 27 and 28. Fig. 27 illustrates an embodiment wherein the hollow nut 100 includes a comparable body 12' as one or more shaped components, as described herein. It is clear that the body 12' is shorter than the above-described
Various further modifications and improvements of the hollow screw and the method of its manufacture will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, either of the inner and outer polygonal shapes may be omitted, or both may be performed in a single stamping step. Alternatively, instead of the internal driving recess as described above, such as a cross or quincunx recess, other forms of standard driving recesses or polygonal recesses may be formed therein. The annealing and hardening steps may also vary. Accordingly, the invention is not limited by the foregoing description and drawings.
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