阅读说明：本技术 一种用于甘薯种植的栽插式起垄植苗机 (Planting type ridging seedling planting machine for sweet potato planting ) 是由 严伟 张文毅 孙星钊 刘军 祁兵 纪要 李坤 胡敏娟 于 2020-07-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于甘薯种植的栽插式起垄植苗机,其包括拖拉机,所述拖拉机后通过三点悬挂装置连接机架；机架上从前至后依次安装有旋耕起垄组件、植苗组件以及垄形整饰组件；植苗组件包括开沟器、植苗机构以及覆土镇压装置；植苗机构包括转动安装在机架上的转盘,转盘上转动安装有多个呈圆周阵列排布的苗夹；转盘边设置有单向棘轮机构,具有正向作业、反向空转特点；转盘旁设置有薯苗上料位,薯苗上料位具备用于存储甘薯苗的苗仓。本发明的农业机械可一次性完成甘薯种植过程所需进行的旋耕、起垄、开沟、栽苗、覆土镇压以及垄体整形这些作业,无需分步执行,整体机械化程度高,效率高。(The invention discloses a planting type ridging seedling planting machine for sweet potato planting, which comprises a tractor, wherein the rear part of the tractor is connected with a rack through a three-point suspension device; the rotary tillage ridging component, the seedling planting component and the ridge-shaped finishing component are sequentially arranged on the rack from front to back; the seedling planting assembly comprises a furrow opener, a seedling planting mechanism and an earthing and pressing device; the seedling planting mechanism comprises a rotary table which is rotatably arranged on the rack, and a plurality of seedling clamps which are arranged in a circumferential array are rotatably arranged on the rotary table; a one-way ratchet mechanism is arranged at the edge of the turntable, and the turntable has the characteristics of forward operation and reverse idling; the other potato seedling material loading level that is provided with of carousel, potato seedling material loading level possess the seedling storehouse that is used for saving the sweet potato seedling. The agricultural machine can complete operations of rotary tillage, ridging, ditching, seedling planting, soil covering and pressing and ridge body shaping required in the sweet potato planting process at one time, does not need to be executed step by step, and is high in overall mechanization degree and efficiency.)

1. A planting type ridging seedling planting machine for sweet potato planting is characterized by comprising a tractor (10), wherein the rear part of the tractor (10) is connected with a rack (1) through a three-point suspension device (11);

a rotary tillage ridging component, a seedling planting component and a ridge-shaped finishing component (7) are sequentially arranged on the rack (1) from front to back;

the seedling planting assembly comprises a furrow opener (4), a seedling planting mechanism (5) and a soil covering and pressing device (6);

the seedling planting mechanism (5) comprises a rotary table (51) rotatably mounted on the rack (1), and a plurality of seedling clamps (52) arranged in a circumferential array are rotatably mounted on the rotary table (51); the seedling clamp (52) can clamp the sweet potato seedlings in a closed state and switch to an open state at a release position to release the sweet potato seedlings;

the other potato seedling material loading level that is provided with of carousel (51), potato seedling material loading level possesses seedling storehouse (81) that are used for storing sweet potato seedling.

2. The planting-type ridging and seedling-planting machine for sweet potato planting according to claim 1, wherein the front end of the furrow opener (4) is provided with a furrow opening knife edge (41), and a through groove (42) extending from the middle part to the rear side of the furrow opener is formed on the furrow opener; one end of the seedling clamp (52) far away from the rotary disc (51) can move in the through groove (42).

3. The plant-type ridging and seedling-planting machine for sweet potato planting as claimed in claim 2, wherein the seedling clamp (52) is placed between the rear end of the furrow opener (4) and the soil covering and pressing device (6) when in the release position.

4. A planting-type ridging and seedling-planting machine for sweet potato planting according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the soil covering and pressing device (6) comprises two wheels (61) which are arranged in bilateral symmetry, and the rotating shaft of each wheel (61) is obliquely arranged, so that the wheels are arranged in a V-shaped arrangement in the front-back direction.

5. A planting-type ridging planter for sweet potato planting according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the planting mechanism (5) further comprises two holding plates (53) arranged in bilateral symmetry, and a gap for the seedling clamp (52) to pass through is arranged between the two holding plates (53); when the seedling clamp (52) passes through the gap, it is in a closed state, and when the seedling clamp (52) is placed outside the gap, it is in an open state.

6. A planting-type ridging and seedling-planting machine for sweet potato planting according to claim 1, wherein the rotary tillage ridging component comprises a rotary tillage knife roller (2) and a ridging mechanism (3) which are arranged in sequence from front to back.

7. The planting type ridging and seedling planting machine for sweet potato planting according to claim 6, wherein the ridging mechanism (3) comprises a partition plate (31), a trapezoidal opening with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part is formed in the partition plate (31), and a bending plate (32) extending along the contour line of the trapezoidal opening is fixed at the edge of the trapezoidal opening.

8. The planting-type ridging and seedling-planting machine for sweet potato planting according to claim 1, wherein a seat (82) is further installed at the potato seedling loading position.

9. A planting-type ridging and seedling-planting machine for sweet potato planting according to claim 1, wherein the ridge-shaped finishing assembly (7) comprises a ridging shovel (71) and a pressing roller (72) which are arranged in sequence from front to back.

10. A planting type ridging and seedling planting machine for sweet potato planting according to claim 1, wherein a land wheel (91) is further mounted on the machine frame (1), and the land wheel (91) is connected with the rotary table (51) through a speed regulating box (92); the input-output speed ratio of the speed regulating box (92) is adjustable.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a planting type ridging seedling planting machine for planting sweet potatoes.

Background

The sweet potato is an important economic crop, grain crop, feed, industrial raw material and novel energy application raw material. The sweet potato originates from south America, China is the largest sweet potato planting country at present, and the total sweet potato production amount of China is only inferior to grain crops of rice, wheat and corn at present.

The sweet potato planting industry is labor-intensive, the mechanization degree of the sweet potato planting industry is low, each link generally needs independent machinery to operate or completely depends on manual operation, the planting efficiency is low, and the situations of large labor amount, high labor intensity, high labor cost and low comprehensive income along with continuous transfer of rural labor force seriously affect the planting enthusiasm of farmers and restrict the healthy and rapid development of the industry.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the planting type ridging seedling planting machine for planting the sweet potatoes, which can complete all the links of sweet potato planting at one time, has high degree of mechanization and high efficiency.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the planting type ridging seedling planting machine for sweet potato planting comprises a tractor, wherein the rear part of the tractor is connected with a rack through a three-point suspension device;

the rotary tillage ridging assembly, the seedling planting assembly and the ridge-shaped finishing assembly are sequentially arranged on the rack from front to back;

the seedling planting assembly comprises a furrow opener, a seedling planting mechanism and an earthing and pressing device;

the seedling planting mechanism comprises a rotary table which is rotatably arranged on the rack, and a plurality of seedling clamps which are arranged in a circumferential array are rotatably arranged on the rotary table; the seedling clamp can clamp sweet potato seedlings in a closed state and switch to an open state at a release position so as to release the sweet potato seedlings;

a one-way ratchet mechanism is arranged at the edge of the turntable, and the turntable has the characteristics of forward operation and reverse idling;

the other potato seedling material loading level that is provided with of carousel, potato seedling material loading level possesses the seedling storehouse that is used for saving sweet potato seedling.

Furthermore, the front end of the furrow opener is provided with a furrow opening knife edge, and a through groove extending from the middle part to the rear side of the furrow opener is formed on the furrow opening knife edge; one end of the seedling clamp, which is far away from the rotary disc, can move in the through groove.

Further, when the seedling clamp is in a release position, the seedling clamp is arranged between the rear end of the furrow opener and the soil covering and pressing device.

Further, earthing suppression device includes the wheel that two bilateral symmetry set up, every the pivot of wheel all inclines to set up for it is the overall arrangement of V font to look both in the front and back orientation.

Furthermore, the seedling planting mechanism also comprises two holding plates which are arranged in a bilateral symmetry manner, and a gap for the seedling clamp to pass through is formed between the two holding plates; when the seedling clamp passes through the gap, the seedling clamp is in a closed state, and when the seedling clamp is arranged outside the gap, the seedling clamp is in an open state.

Furthermore, the rotary tillage ridging component comprises a rotary tillage knife roller and a ridging mechanism which are sequentially arranged from front to back.

Further, ridging mechanism includes the baffle, be formed with narrow trapezoidal opening wide down on the baffle, the edge of trapezoidal opening is fixed with the board of bending that extends along its contour line.

Further, a seat is further installed at the potato seedling loading position.

Further, the ridge-shaped finishing assembly comprises a ridging shovel and a press roller which are sequentially arranged from front to back.

Furthermore, a land wheel is also arranged on the frame and is connected with the turntable through a speed regulating box; the input and output speed ratio of the speed regulating box is adjustable.

Has the advantages that: the planting-type ridging and seedling planting machine for sweet potato planting can complete operations of rotary tillage, ridging, ditching, seedling planting, soil covering and pressing and ridge body shaping which are required in the sweet potato planting process at one time, does not need to be executed step by step, is high in overall mechanization degree, high in efficiency, convenient to adjust plant spacing, wide in seedling placing area and high in structural strength, can be used for manually loading the sweet potato seedlings only by loading materials on the sweet potato seedlings, and is low in working strength and labor cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a planting-type ridging and seedling planting machine for sweet potato planting;

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a planting-type ridging and seedling planting machine for sweet potato planting, which does not include a tractor;

FIG. 3 is a structural view of the ridging mechanism;

FIG. 4 is a view showing the structure of the seedling clamp;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of two symmetrically disposed retaining plates;

FIG. 6 is a view showing the construction of the soil covering and compacting apparatus;

FIG. 7 is a transmission structure diagram of the land wheel and the seedling planting mechanism in the first embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a transmission structure diagram of a land wheel and a seedling planting mechanism in a second embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a structural view of a seedling planting mechanism according to another embodiment.

In the figure: 1-a frame; 11-a three-point suspension arrangement; 2-rotary tillage knife roll; 3-a ridging mechanism; 31-a separator; 32-bending a plate; 4-a furrow opener; 41-ditching knife edge; 42-a through groove; 5-a seedling planting mechanism; 51-a turntable; 52-seedling clamp; 521-a seedling clamp base; 522-a clamping portion; 53-a holding plate; 54-everting portion; 6-a soil covering and compacting device; 61-wheels; 7-ridge-shaped finishing components; 71-ridging and shoveling; 72-press rolls; 81-seedling storehouse; 82-a seat; 91-a land wheel; 92-a speed-regulating box; 93-intermediate shaft; 94-a transmission case; 95-a first chain drive assembly; 96-a second chain drive assembly; 10-a tractor; 201-a spring; 202-a lifting wheel; 203-lifting the actuator; 204-a cage; 205-trigger switch; 206-trigger lever.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The planting type ridging seedling planting machine for sweet potato planting shown in the attached figures 1 and 2 comprises a tractor 10, wherein the rear part of the tractor 10 is connected with a frame 1 through a three-point suspension device 11; the rotary tillage ridging assembly, the seedling planting assembly and the ridge-shaped finishing assembly 7 are sequentially arranged on the rack 1 from front to back.

The rotary tillage ridging component comprises a rotary tillage knife roller 2 and a ridging mechanism 3 which are sequentially arranged from front to back. Rotary tillage rotor 2 is used for stirring garrulous soil, and ridging mechanism 3 is used for carrying out the ridging operation to the earth of being stirred garrulous by rotary tillage rotor 2 for form the ridge that suitable sweet potato seedling planted on the soil. The rotary tillage knife roller 2 is provided with rotary power by a power output shaft of a tractor to perform a soil crushing task. As shown in fig. 3, the ridging mechanism 3 includes a partition plate 31, a trapezoidal opening with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part is formed on the partition plate 31, and a bending plate 32 extending along the contour line of the trapezoidal opening is fixed at the edge of the trapezoidal opening. The width direction of the bending plate 32 is perpendicular to the plane of the partition plate 31, the bending plate 32 increases the area of the contact part with soil, the forming of ridges is facilitated, and the strength reinforcing effect is achieved on the partition plate 31.

The seedling planting assembly comprises a furrow opener 4, a seedling planting mechanism 5 and a soil covering and pressing device 6.

The seedling planting mechanism 5 comprises a rotary table 51 rotatably mounted on the rack 1, and a plurality of seedling clamps 52 arranged in a circumferential array are rotatably mounted on the rotary table 51; the seedling clamp 52 can clamp the sweet potato seedlings in a closed state and switch to an open state at a release position to release the sweet potato seedlings; the other material level of going up that is provided with the sweet potato seedling of carousel 51, the material level possesses the seedling storehouse 81 that is used for saving the sweet potato seedling on the sweet potato seedling, just seat 82 is still installed to the material level on the sweet potato seedling, and the staff can sit on seat 82 and take the sweet potato seedling in seedling storehouse 81 and throw the sweet potato seedling one by one and feed to seedling clamp 52, throws a sweet potato seedling on every seedling clamp 52.

The front end of the furrow opener 4 is provided with a furrow opening knife edge 41, and a through groove 42 extending from the middle part to the rear side of the furrow opener is formed on the furrow opener; the end of the seedling clamp 52 far away from the rotating disc 51 can move in the through groove 42.

As shown in fig. 6, the casing press 6 includes two wheels 61 symmetrically disposed at left and right sides, and each of the wheels 61 has a rotation shaft inclined so that the two wheels are arranged in a V-shape when viewed from the front and rear direction.

When the seedling clamp 52 is in the release position, it is disposed between the rear end of the furrow opener 4 and the soil covering and compacting device 6.

Furrow opener 4 can ditch at the top of the ridge that ridging mechanism 3 played, and seedling clamp 52 portability sweet potato seedling moves, because the tip of seedling clamp 52 can pass through groove 42, consequently the seedling clamp 52 goes up the root of the sweet potato seedling of centre gripping and gets into the in-process in the ditch that furrow opener 4 opened, and the root of sweet potato seedling can not contact soil, and soil can not lead to damaging its root to the root friction of sweet potato seedling. When the end part of the seedling clamp 52 is separated from the through groove 42, the seedling clamp 52 can be opened immediately to release the sweet potato seedlings due to the fact that the seedling clamp reaches the release position, then the earthing and pressing device 6 covers and presses the ditches formed by the furrow opener 4, and the root parts of the sweet potato seedlings are fixed. Because two wheels 61 are the V font overall arrangement, narrow width from top to bottom in the space between two wheels 61, the part interval of both and soil contact is nearer, can effectively compress tightly the soil of sweet potato seedling root annex, and the interval of both upper ends is far away, can not influence the part that the sweet potato seedling exposes outside soil.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the seedling clamp 52 includes a seedling clamp base 521, the seedling clamp base 521 has two clamping portions 522 capable of being opened and closed relatively elastically, and when the two clamping portions 522 are not subjected to other external forces, the two clamping portions 522 are opened relatively under the elastic force (an elastic element may be disposed between the two clamping portions 522, or an elastic element may be disposed between each clamping portion 522 and the seedling clamp base 521).

The seedling planting mechanism 5 further comprises two symmetrically arranged retaining plates 53, as shown in fig. 5, a gap for the seedling clamp 52 to move in is arranged between the two retaining plates 53; when the seedling clamp 52 starts to enter the gap, the seedling clamp is in a flat state, the two clamping parts 522 of the seedling clamp are opened upwards, sweet potato seedlings are placed between the two clamping parts 522, a part of the seedling clamp 52 gradually enters the gap along with the rotation of the rotary disc 51, the two clamping parts 522 are extruded by the two retaining plates 53, so that the two clamping parts 522 are closed, and when the seedling clamp 52 moves in the gap, the two clamping parts 522 of the seedling clamp are respectively extruded by the two retaining plates 53, so that the two clamping parts 522 are always kept in a clamping state, and the sweet potato seedlings clamped between the two clamping parts cannot fall off; when the seedling clamp 52 leaves the gap, the seedling clamp is in a vertical state, the seedling clamp 52 reaches a release position, the extrusion effect of the holding plates 53 on the holding plates 53 disappears, and under the action of elasticity, the two holding plates 53 are opened to release the sweet potato seedlings, so that the sweet potato seedlings are vertically remained in the soil, and the sweet potato seedling planting and transplanting operation is completed.

In order to facilitate the switching of the two clamping portions 522 from the relatively open state to the relatively closed state, the upper end of the holding plate 53 is provided with an arc-shaped eversion portion 54, so that the entrance of the gap is in a horn shape gradually narrowing from the width, and thus, the seedling clamp 52 can be gradually closed without being stuck at the entrance of the gap in the process of entering the gap.

Ridge shape finishing subassembly 7 includes ridging shovel 71 and the press roll 72 that set gradually around, and press roll 72 has the conical surface, and press roll 72 has two, and two press roll 72 symmetries set up. The ridging shovel 71 can finish ridge shapes of ridges, the compacting roller 72 is used for compacting the outer surfaces of the ridges, and the ridge shape finishing assembly 7 can enable the final ridge shape to be standard and is beneficial to growth and development of sweet potatoes in later period.

The machine frame 1 is further provided with a land wheel 91, the land wheel 91 and the rotary table 51 have a transmission relation, the transmission structure between the land wheel 91 and the rotary table 51 comprises an intermediate shaft 93, the middles of the land wheel 91 and the intermediate shaft 93 are arranged at two ends of a transmission box 94, and a first chain transmission assembly 95 for establishing the transmission relation between the land wheel 91 and the intermediate shaft 93 is arranged in the transmission box 94. With this configuration, since the land wheel 91 is eccentrically disposed with respect to the intermediate shaft 93, the land wheel 91 can always be in contact with the ground by the self-weight of the land wheel 91 and the weight of the transmission case 94, and the land wheel 91 is not suspended. Because the land wheel 91 is always contacted with the ground, the land wheel can passively rotate in the moving process of the rack 1, the rotating angular displacement of the land wheel 91 strictly corresponds to the moving displacement of the rack 1, and when the land wheel 91 transmits power to the turntable 51 through the speed regulating box 92, the rotating angular displacement of the turntable 51 also strictly corresponds to the moving displacement of the rack 1, so that the planting distance of sweet potato seedlings is always a set value and cannot be changed due to the high and low moving speed of the rack 1.

In the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the intermediate shaft 93 is directly connected to the rotary plate 51 via the second chain transmission assembly 96, and in this case, the rotation speed ratio between the land wheel 91 and the rotary plate 51 is fixed, and only one planting distance can be realized.

In a second embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the intermediate shaft 93 is connected to the rotary table 51 through a speed-adjusting box 92, and the input-output speed ratio of the speed-adjusting box 92 is adjustable. Be equipped with driving gear and multiunit driven gear in above-mentioned speed governing case 92, adjust the action wheel and the other driven gear meshing of different groups through dialling the tooth, can change driving gear and driven gear's drive ratio, so can change speed governing case 92's input/output speed ratio, thereby make under the prerequisite of the equal revolution of power supply input, carousel 51 pivoted revolution can change along with the change of input/output speed ratio, so can change sweet potato seedling's planting interval, it is simple to adjust, and current press from both sides 52 with the seedling and install in the scheme on the chain, if will change sweet potato seedling's planting interval, need change the sprocket of chain, the operation degree of difficulty is big.

In addition, above-mentioned carousel 51 passes through ratchet pawl mechanism and connects frame 1, because ratchet pawl mechanism has one-way pivoted attribute, the land wheel can only drive carousel 51 one-way rotation, and when land wheel antiport, carousel 51 can not follow the reversal, can effectively avoid the seedling to press from both sides 52 and damage.

Preferably, the seedling holder body 521 is an elongated shape, and has a fixed end fixed on the rotating disc 51, and the rest parts except the fixed end of the seedling holder body extend out of the rotating disc 51; the length direction of the seedling clamp base 521 is arranged in a radial direction inclined relative to the rotary table 51 at the fixed end mounting position, so that when the seedling clamp base 521 is horizontally arranged and the two clamping parts 32 are opened upwards, the whole seedling clamp 52 is positioned at the upper side of the rotary table 51 in the height direction, and when the seedling clamp base 521 is vertically arranged, the fixed end of the seedling clamp base 521 is positioned at the lower side of the rotary table 51 in the height direction, so that the diameter of the rotary table 51 is as small as possible while the seedling clamp 52 is ensured to have a large longitudinal movement distance, the compactness of the whole structure is maintained, a user can feed sweet potato seedlings onto the seedling clamp 52 at a high position, and the seedling clamp accords with ergonomics. In this embodiment, the included angle between each seedling clamp base 521 and the radial direction of the rotating disc 51 at the position of the fixed end thereof is 30 °, and at this angle, the user can feed the seedling clamp 52 which just rotates the top end of the rotating disc 51, and the utilization rate of the rotating disc 51 in the height direction is the highest.

In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 9, each seedling clamp 52 is slidably mounted with respect to the rotating disc 51, and the sliding direction is the length direction of the seedling clamp seat 521; a spring 201 is arranged between each seedling clamp base 521 and the rotary disc 51, a lifting wheel 202 is arranged on each seedling clamp base 521, a lifting actuator 203 and a retainer 204 are mounted on the machine frame 1, and the retainer 204 is arc-shaped. Through the structure, when one seedling clamp 52 is separated from the holding plate 53 and releases the potato seedlings, the lifting actuator 203 performs lifting operation and acts on the lifting wheel 202 on the seedling clamp base 521, so that the seedling clamp base 521 moves upwards against the pressure of the spring 201, as the turntable 51 rotates, the lifting wheel 202 is separated from the jacking part of the lifting actuator 203 and is hooked on the holding frame 204, so that the seedling clamp base 521 is kept in a lifting state all the time until the lifting wheel 202 moves to the tail part of the holding frame 204 and is separated from the tail part of the holding frame 204 as the turntable 51 rotates, and the elastic force of the spring 201 enables the seedling clamp 52 to reset. The advantages of the above process are: the seedling clamp 52 can be jacked to a higher position immediately after releasing the potato seedlings, the end part of the seedling clamp cannot be left in a groove for planting the potato seedlings, subsequent soil covering operation cannot be influenced, and soil covering operation can be performed immediately after the seedling clamp 52 releases the potato seedlings. In addition, in order to enable the lifting actuator 203 to lift at a proper time, the frame 1 is provided with a trigger switch 205, the turntable 51 is provided with a trigger rod 206 corresponding to each seedling clamp 52, the trigger switch 205 and the lifting actuator 203 are connected with the same controller, when the trigger rod 206 acts on the trigger switch 205, the trigger switch 205 generates a trigger signal, the controller receives the trigger signal and controls the lifting actuator 203 to perform lifting operation, and the lifting actuator 203 can be an electric push rod, a hydraulic cylinder and the like.

The planting-type ridging and seedling planting machine for sweet potato planting can complete operations of rotary tillage, ridging, ditching, seedling planting, soil covering and pressing and ridge body shaping which are required in the sweet potato planting process at one time, does not need to be executed step by step, is high in overall mechanization degree and efficiency, only needs to be manually loaded in an auxiliary mode on the potato seedlings by the potato seedling loading position, and is low in working strength and labor cost.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.