阅读说明：本技术 一种非接触式水文多相态测量一体化雷达系统 (Non-contact hydrology heterogeneous attitude measurement integration radar system ) 是由 周树道 王敏 姬文明 龙智勇 杜华栋 彭正辉 王成浩 张阳春 姚韬 于 2020-06-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种非接触式水文多相态测量一体化雷达系统,包括雷达主机单元、收发单元和地面控制端单元,其中：所述雷达主机单元用于完成双路雷达回波信号的采集、处理和传输,还包括时基控制、高压快脉冲形成和电源控制功能,且所述雷达主机单元包括ARM控制模块、数字控制模块、通信电路模块、电源管理模块；所述收发单元用于对水文相态的要素进行测量,包括双频天线模块、发射机模块和接收机模块,并固定在屏蔽体内作为一个整体；所述地面控制站单元用于接收和显示接收到的数据,包括计算机。通过本发明实现无人化平台搭载对冰厚和水深进行远程、非接触式实时测量,为水上作业提供精确的水文探测信息,具有广阔的市场应用前景与经济价值。(The invention discloses a non-contact hydrology multiphase state measurement integrated radar system, which comprises a radar host unit, a receiving and transmitting unit and a ground control end unit, wherein: the radar host unit is used for completing the acquisition, processing and transmission of two-way radar echo signals, and also has the functions of time base control, high-voltage fast pulse formation and power supply control, and the radar host unit comprises an ARM control module, a digital control module, a communication circuit module and a power supply management module; the receiving and transmitting unit is used for measuring hydrologic phase state elements, comprises a dual-frequency antenna module, a transmitter module and a receiver module, and is fixed in the shielding body as a whole; the ground control station unit is used for receiving and displaying the received data and comprises a computer. The invention realizes the remote and non-contact real-time measurement of ice thickness and water depth carried by the unmanned platform, provides accurate hydrological detection information for water operation, and has wide market application prospect and economic value.)

1. The utility model provides a heterogeneous attitude measurement integration radar system of non-contact hydrology which characterized in that: including radar host computer unit, transceiver unit and ground control end unit, wherein:

the radar host unit is used for completing the acquisition, processing and transmission of two-way radar echo signals, and also has the functions of time base control, high-voltage fast pulse formation and power supply control, and the radar host unit comprises an ARM control module, a digital control module, a communication circuit module and a power supply management module;

the receiving and transmitting unit is used for measuring hydrologic phase state elements, comprises a dual-frequency antenna module, a transmitter module and a receiver module, and is fixed in the shielding body as a whole;

the ground control station unit is used for receiving and displaying the received data and comprises a computer.

2. The non-contact hydrological multi-phase measurement integrated radar system according to claim 1, wherein: the ARM control module is used for realizing human-computer interaction and data storage and transmission functions and comprises an ARM development board, and the ARM control module and the communication circuit module realize data transmission through a network interface.

3. The non-contact hydrological multi-phase measurement integrated radar system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the digital control module is used for collecting, processing and controlling signals and comprises a DSP signal collecting and processing circuit and a time sequence control circuit, the DSP signal collecting and processing circuit can calculate hydrologic phase state result data, and the time sequence control circuit is used for controlling the transceiving unit.

4. The non-contact hydrological multi-phase measurement integrated radar system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the communication circuit module is used for realizing wired and wireless remote transmission functions of data, USB and Ethernet LAN transmission are provided through an ARM development board integrated network port and a USB serial port, and WIFI wireless transmission is realized through an external WIFI module.

5. The non-contact hydrological multi-phase measurement integrated radar system according to claim 4, wherein: the power management module provides power supply output and power management of the system and comprises a built-in pluggable lithium ion battery and an external charging interface.

6. The non-contact hydrological multi-phase measurement integrated radar system according to claim 4, wherein: the dual-frequency antenna module is used for measuring hydrological phase state data and comprises 200MHz and 900MHz bow-tie antennas, wherein the 900MHz antenna is arranged on the inner side, the 200MHz antenna is arranged on the outer side, and the center lines of the antennas are overlapped.

7. The non-contact hydrological multi-phase measurement integrated radar system according to claim 4, wherein: the transmitter module is used for generating a sub-nanosecond pulse signal and comprises a nanosecond pulse source and a step recovery diode shaping circuit.

8. The non-contact hydrological multi-phase measurement integrated radar system according to claim 4, wherein: the receiver module comprises a sampling receiver and can convert the radio frequency signals transmitted by the dual-frequency antenna module into intermediate frequency signals with the same shape as the original signals through an equivalent sampling technology.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological measurement unmanned airborne radars, in particular to a non-contact hydrological multi-phase measurement integrated radar system.

Background

The ice on the water surface in the cold area is a general physical phenomenon in winter, and the ice surface can be used as an important auxiliary transportation channel, can also provide a transportation path for emergency rescue and disaster relief, and provides a winter fishing means for fishermen. However, if the thickness and the bearing capacity of the ice layers at different positions are not known in advance, the ice layer freezes to bring convenience to people, and meanwhile, the people are always in danger, for example, vehicles normally running on the ice surface can fall into rivers due to sudden ice surface bursting, fishermen and recreational pedestrians on the ice can also fall into the ice, and safety threats and social influences are brought to the lives and properties of people.

The ice-penetrating radar currently studied most fiercely is the close-to-ground detection radar, and SPRIMARK I developed by scott polar research center, cambridge university, england in the 1960 s was the earliest radar system specifically used for ice thickness detection. Subsequently, units such as the danish technology university (TD), the british south pole office (BAS), the united states military electronic laboratory (USAEL) and the like are also researched, the ice-detecting radars are all of a segment pulse type and have a large size, platforms such as airplanes and automobiles are carried, the working frequency is low, the working frequency is mainly concentrated on 30-600 MHz, and the ice-detecting radars are used for detecting the thicknesses of floating ice, glaciers and ice covers on the sea surface of greenland and the south pole and the underwater topography. In 2001, a wideband ice thickness detection coherent radar (WCORDS) system and a multiband multi-base synthetic aperture radar (pcsar) system were developed by NASA and NSF joint fundation kansas university and are respectively used for high-resolution detection of ice thickness and shallow ice cover, ice layer interior and two-dimensional accurate detection of ice layer and under-ice environment. In 2008, the university of kansase has developed a multichannel deep exploration radar (MCRDS) to perform a large-scale aerial exploration on the south-east inland Dome a area. In addition to large radars for detecting ice covers in polar regions, small radars for sea ice detection have been studied very intensively in foreign countries. Correspondingly, a C-band SAR radar, an X-band SAR radar and a Ku-band scatterometer which are specially used for the lake ice sea ice in the ice-out period and the ablation period are developed.

The national ocean administration builds a first shore-based ground radar observation station in China on east squid rings and Taizi mountains in order to observe offshore thin ice in Bay of Liaodong, provides radar sea ice detection information for a forecasting department in real time, and forecasts the conditions of sea ice flowing, growth ablation and the like. The first radar ice thickness gauge in China is successfully developed by the university of maritime affairs in the large world, and the appearance of the gauge timely solves the problem of monitoring the thickness of the thin ice on the sea surface and other key parameters of the sea ice in the maritime work engineering. Since 2000, China offshore oil company Tianjin division cooperates with Dalian maritime university, and the monitoring and forecasting work of an offshore oil ship channel ice conveyed by an oil platform in the ice region of Bohai Bay is firstly developed domestically.

In the field of hydrological observation, Doppler radars and acoustic radars are mostly adopted to measure the depth of water in rivers and lakes, and the two types of radars need to be placed in water when detecting the depth of water, namely need to be in contact detection with water, and cannot directly penetrate through an ice layer on an iced ice surface to detect the depth of water. Therefore, at present, the detection work of the water depth under ice is directly carried out through the ice layer, and related research work is less developed at home and abroad, and a non-contact radar system integrating the water depth and the ice thickness and having the function of measuring the water depth and the ice thickness simultaneously does not exist.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a non-contact hydrological multi-phase measurement integrated radar system which can simultaneously measure two factors of water depth and ice thickness by using a dual-frequency antenna and can be carried on a mobile transportation platform such as an unmanned aerial vehicle and the like to realize non-contact, safe and mobile and flexible measurement of the hydrological state.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a non-contact hydrological multi-phase measurement integrated radar system, which includes a radar host unit, a transceiver unit and a ground control end unit, wherein: the radar host unit is used for completing the acquisition, processing and transmission of two-way radar echo signals, and also has the functions of time base control, high-voltage fast pulse formation and power supply control, and the radar host unit comprises an ARM control module, a digital control module, a communication circuit module and a power supply management module; the receiving and transmitting unit is used for measuring hydrologic phase state elements, comprises a dual-frequency antenna module, a transmitter module and a receiver module, and is fixed in the shielding body as a whole; the ground control station unit is used for receiving and displaying the received data and comprises a computer.

Further, in the present invention: the ARM control module is used for realizing human-computer interaction and data storage and transmission functions and comprises an ARM development board, and the ARM control module and the communication circuit module realize data transmission through a network interface.

Further, in the present invention: the digital control module is used for collecting, processing and controlling signals and comprises a DSP signal collecting and processing circuit and a time sequence control circuit, the DSP signal collecting and processing circuit can calculate hydrologic phase state result data, and the time sequence control circuit is used for controlling the transceiving unit.

Further, in the present invention: the communication circuit module is used for realizing wired and wireless remote transmission functions of data, USB and Ethernet LAN transmission are provided through an ARM development board integrated network port and a USB serial port, and WIFI wireless transmission is realized through an external WIFI module.

Further, in the present invention: the power management module provides power supply output and power management of the system and comprises a built-in pluggable lithium ion battery and an external charging interface.

Further, in the present invention: the dual-frequency antenna module is used for measuring hydrological phase state data and comprises 200MHz and 900MHz bow-tie antennas, wherein the 900MHz antenna is arranged on the inner side, the 200MHz antenna is arranged on the outer side, and the center lines of the antennas are overlapped.

Further, in the present invention: the transmitter module is used for generating a sub-nanosecond pulse signal and comprises a nanosecond pulse source and a step recovery diode shaping circuit.

Further, in the present invention: the receiver module comprises a sampling receiver and can convert the radio frequency signals transmitted by the dual-frequency antenna module into intermediate frequency signals with the same shape as the original signals through an equivalent sampling technology.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the system carries out remote non-contact measurement on the hydrological condition by the aid of the unmanned platform carrying radar, direct contact with the water surface in measurement is avoided, and the measurement process is safer and more efficient;

(2) the system can measure the ice thickness and the water depth simultaneously through the dual-frequency antenna, and the measurement of the two factors is more comprehensive compared with the measurement of the traditional single hydrological factor;

(3) the system has simple structure, small volume and convenient carrying, is suitable for offshore or remote operation in practical application, reduces the cost and has higher economic value;

(4) the system has high measurement real-time performance, is favorable for acquiring more reliable data, displays the measurement condition in real time through the screen and facilitates the reference of actual operators.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural module diagram of a non-contact hydrological multi-phase measurement integrated radar system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ARM control module chip in the system of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the schematic structure of the DSP signal acquisition processing circuit in the system of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the DSP signal acquisition processing work flow in the system of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a timing control circuit in the system of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-band antenna in the system of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the attached drawings:

the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a non-contact hydrology multi-phase measurement integrated radar system, which comprises a radar host unit, a transceiver unit and a ground control end unit, wherein the radar host unit comprises an ARM control module, a digital control module, a communication circuit module and a power management module; the receiving and transmitting unit comprises a dual-frequency antenna module, a transmitter module and a receiver module, wherein the dual-frequency antenna module is used for measuring hydrologic phase state data and comprises 200MHz and 900MHz bow-tie antennas, the 900MHz antenna is arranged at the inner side, the 200MHz antenna is arranged at the outer side, and the central lines of the antennas are overlapped; the ground control station unit includes a computer.

Specifically, the radar host unit is used for completing acquisition, processing and transmission of two-way radar echo signals. Referring to the illustration of fig. 2, the ARM control module in the radar host unit is used for implementing human-computer interaction and data storage and transmission functions, and includes an ARM development board, preferably an idea6410ARM development board of a samsung 4412 processor in this embodiment, and the ARM control module and the communication circuit module implement remote data transmission through a network interface.

The digital control module is used for collecting, processing and controlling signals and comprises a DSP signal collecting and processing circuit and a time sequence control circuit, the DSP signal collecting and processing circuit can calculate hydrologic phase state result data, and the time sequence control circuit is used for controlling the receiving and sending unit. Referring to the schematic diagram of fig. 3, the DSP signal acquisition processing circuit constructed in this embodiment takes a floating-point processor TMS320C6713 of the company TI as a core, and completes acquisition, processing and transmission of data in cooperation with a peripheral circuit; the method comprises the following steps of selecting a current type D/A converter and an integrated operational amplifier to realize program-controlled amplification of radar signals, wherein the A/D converter is preferably two paths of 16-bit AD acquisition chips; MT48LC32M16 from MICRON is selected as external data memory, AM29LV800B from AMD is selected as external program memory, and EPM570 is selected as programmable logic device. And for communication with the ARM control module, ISP1581 of PHILIPS company is used as an interface chip, and the interface protocol is a USB1.1 transmission protocol. The communication with the time sequence control circuit adopts an SPI serial port of a DSP chip, the DSP signal acquisition processing circuit can send a control parameter command to the time sequence control circuit, and meanwhile, the time sequence control circuit returns Fscan and Fad marking signals for two-channel acquisition synchronization. An IL611 isolation circuit is adopted as an isolation circuit between the DSP signal acquisition processing circuit and the time sequence control circuit.

Preferably, referring to the illustration of fig. 4, the DSP signal collecting and processing circuit works in a time-sharing mode, where at time T1, the 900MHz antenna in the dual-band antenna module performs transceiving to complete one data collection and processing, and at time T2, the 200MHz antenna performs transceiving to complete one data collection and processing, and so on.

Preferably, referring to the schematic diagram of fig. 5, the timing control circuit selects an EPM570T100C4 chip of the alternating company maxi series as a core, and forms a trigger signal in cooperation with a peripheral circuit to control a transmitter and a receiver of the transceiver unit to achieve equivalent sampling of radar echo. The CPLD selects an EPM570T100C4 chip of an ALTERA MAXII series, an SPI serial interface is simulated in the CPLD chip, and the CPLD receives parameter instructions sent by an upper DSP control chip in a serial mode to control the generation of required signals. The delay circuit is a high-precision LVPECL level programmable delay line chip produced by onsemi corporation. The pulse forming circuit consists of a CCD driving chip and a transformer B7, converts the trigger signal into a complementary pulse signal, superposes the high voltage generated by the inductance coil of 0.18mH to form a pulse source trigger signal and a receiver trigger signal, and transmits the pulse source trigger signal and the receiver trigger signal to a transmitter module and a receiver module of the transceiver unit through the MMCX connector.

The communication circuit module is used for realizing wired and wireless remote transmission functions of data, the information transmission mode which can be realized by the module comprises a USB (universal serial bus), an Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN) and a wireless fidelity (WIFI) wireless transmission mode, the USB and the Ethernet LAN transmission are provided through a network port integrated by an ARM development board and a USB2.0 serial port, and the WIFI wireless transmission is realized through an external WIFI module.

The power management module provides power supply output and power management of the system and comprises a built-in pluggable lithium ion battery and an external charging interface. The power management module preferably adopts a built-in pluggable 78Wh lithium ion battery with an external charging interface. And the modular design is adopted, voltages of all parts are isolated by using a DC-DC power supply module, and the surface of the module is conducted and radiated by using 3M radiating glue. The power management module supplies power to the DSP signal acquisition processing circuit and the ARM control module through the LM2596 chip, supplies power to the time sequence control circuit through the LM2596 chip and the AZ1084D chip, and generates high voltage through the MAX1856EUB chip.

The transmitting and receiving unit is used for measuring hydrologic phase state elements, and all modules of the unit are fixed in the shielding body as a whole. The dual-frequency antenna module of the transceiving unit respectively adopts 200MHz and 900MHz bow tie type antennas to measure the hydrological state, including water depth and ice thickness data, the bow tie type antenna comprises a pair of triangular metal plates, the apex angle is 60 degrees, the high frequency antenna is placed in the inner side, the low frequency antenna is placed in the outer side, the height of the shielding shell is determined by the frequency of the low frequency antenna, the central lines of the two antennas are superposed, the antenna wave-absorbing material adopts multilayer gradually-changing microwave absorbing media, high frequency oscillation is reduced, coupling between transceiving is reduced, and isolation is improved.

The transmitter module is used for generating a sub-nanosecond pulse signal and comprises a nanosecond pulse source and a step recovery diode shaping circuit. The nanosecond pulse source is preferably a avalanche transistor of a 2N2222A type, and the step recovery diode is preferably a step recovery diode of a 5082-0153 type of ASI company. Furthermore, the transmitter circuit board is made of an RF-4 material to form a four-layer printed circuit board, components are placed on the top layer and the bottom layer, and the ground layer and the low-voltage power are respectively placed on the two layers inside the transmitter circuit board. When the device is placed, the high-frequency part and the low-frequency part are separated, two balanced signals are symmetrically routed, devices such as matching resistors are also symmetrically arranged, the ground wire loop is as short as possible, the grounding pin of the device is directly connected to the large-area ground on the top layer through the through hole and cannot be directly connected to form a loop on the bottom layer, and therefore grounding rebound is avoided.

The receiver module comprises a sampling receiver and can convert the radio frequency signals transmitted by the dual-frequency antenna module into intermediate frequency signals with the same shape as the original signals by an equivalent sampling technology. Specifically, the sampling gate selects an integrated schottky diode bridge to design and sample. The wiring mode of the receiver adopts the mode that devices are arranged on the top layer and the bottom layer, the high-frequency part and the low-frequency part are separated, two balanced signals are symmetrically wired, and devices such as matching resistors are also symmetrically arranged. The sampling pulse wiring adopts a microstrip line to achieve good matching, a ground wire loop needs to be shortened as much as possible, a grounding pin of the device is directly connected to a large area ground of a bottom layer through a via hole and cannot be directly connected to form a loop on the bottom layer, and therefore grounding rebound is avoided.

The ground control station unit is used for receiving and displaying the received data and comprises a computer. In this embodiment, a portable notebook computer is preferably used, the received data information can be displayed through a display screen of the computer, and a user can obtain the data result of the depth of water and the thickness of ice in real time through the computer.

The non-contact type ice thickness and water depth real-time measurement integrated radar system provided by the invention can carry out non-contact type real-time measurement on ice thickness and water depth through an unmanned platform, and has the beneficial technical effects of high real-time performance, simultaneous measurement of two factors, high measurement precision, small size, convenience in carrying, high safety coefficient, simple structure, low cost, high reliability and the like. In conclusion, the integrated radar system for real-time measurement of ice thickness and water depth designed by the invention can provide accurate hydrological detection information for the fields of forecasting sea ice flow, offshore engineering operation, river ice prevention and breaking, fishing on ice in winter, entertainment on ice and the like, and has wide market application prospect and economic value.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned examples only represent some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these modifications should fall within the scope of the present invention.