阅读说明：本技术 一种反冲熄灭电弧等离子体的方法及系统 (Method and system for back-flushing extinguishing arc plasma ) 是由 王嬿蕾 王巨丰 许浩 毛成程 孟伟航 于 2019-04-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种反冲熄灭电弧等离子体的方法及系统,其方法包括将外电弧引入反冲模块内部；入口电弧快速进入反冲模块,冲向接闪模块并发生弹性碰撞,使电弧方向发生180°转化,形成出口电弧,离开反冲模块；出口电弧受到反冲作用离开反冲模块,削弱反冲模块内的能量,同时阻碍入口电弧的进入,在反冲模块入口处形成电弧大尺度断口,破坏电弧连续性,加速电弧熄灭；反冲出来的出口电弧作用于反冲模块入口外电弧,形成空腔效应,加速外电弧的截断。本发明可以应用在防雷灭弧装置的前端,能够有效提升防雷灭弧装置和电力系统的安全能力,降低了电力系统的短路发生的概率。(The invention discloses a method and a system for backflushing to extinguish arc plasma, wherein the method comprises the steps of introducing an outer arc into a backflushing module; the inlet electric arc rapidly enters the backflushing module, rushes to the lightning receiving module and generates elastic collision, so that the direction of the electric arc is converted by 180 degrees to form outlet electric arc, and the outlet electric arc leaves the backflushing module; the outlet electric arc leaves the recoil module under the action of recoil, energy in the recoil module is weakened, meanwhile, the inlet electric arc is blocked, an electric arc large-scale fracture is formed at the inlet of the recoil module, the continuity of the electric arc is damaged, and the extinguishing of the electric arc is accelerated; the outlet electric arc after backflushing acts on the outer electric arc at the inlet of the backflushing module to form a cavity effect, so that the interception of the outer electric arc is accelerated. The invention can be applied to the front end of the lightning protection arc extinguishing device, can effectively improve the safety capability of the lightning protection arc extinguishing device and the power system, and reduces the probability of short circuit of the power system.)

1. A method of recoil extinguishing an arc plasma, the method comprising: the method comprises the following steps:

installing a lightning receiving module at one port of a backflushing module for sealing, so that the backflushing module forms a semi-closed pipe fitting;

step two, when the electric arc flashover occurs, the outer electric arc is introduced into the back-flushing module under the coulomb force action of the lightning receiving module;

thirdly, the electric arc entering the back flushing module is called inlet electric arc, and the diameter of an arc column of the inlet electric arc is limited by the pipe wall in the back flushing module and is subjected to the perfusion effect of a narrow pipe on the pipe wall in the back flushing module; the inlet electric arc filled by the narrow pipe has the advantages that the diameter of the arc column is reduced, so that the conductive cross section area of the whole electric arc is reduced, the electric arc density is increased, the temperature of the center of the electric arc is increased, the speed is increased, and the pressure in the backflushing module is increased rapidly; the inlet electric arc rapidly enters the backflushing module, so that the electric arc is subjected to the perfusion effect of the narrow pipe, becomes thin in the radial direction and generates elastic force with larger axial force, and then rushes to the lightning receiving module and generates elastic collision, so that the direction of the electric arc is converted by 180 degrees to form outlet electric arc, and an outlet path is rushed out from an inlet of a perfusion thin pipe in the backflushing module and leaves the backflushing module;

fourthly, in the recoil module, pressure superposition, temperature superposition and density superposition effects formed by the inlet electric arc and the outlet electric arc which have opposite movement directions are used for multiplying the pressure in the recoil module at the top speed; finally, the outer electric arc and the electric arc in the die block form internal and external pressure difference, temperature difference, density difference and speed difference, so that the inner electric arc is rushed out of the die block under the action of recoil, the energy in the die block is weakened, the entry of the electric arc at an inlet is blocked, an electric arc large-scale fracture is formed at the inlet of the recoil module, the continuity of the electric arc is damaged, and the extinguishing of the electric arc is accelerated; the outlet electric arc after backflushing acts on the outer electric arc at the inlet of the backflushing module to form a cavity effect, so that the interception of the outer electric arc is accelerated.

2. A method for recoil quenching an arc plasma as recited in claim 1, wherein: the backflushing module is a semi-closed pipe fitting with a hollow interior, an opening at one end and a closed end at the other end, and the pipe wall of the backflushing module is made of a high-strength high-temperature-resistant high-pressure-resistant non-conductive material.

3. A method of recoil extinguishing an arc plasma as recited in claim 2, wherein: the high-strength high-temperature-resistant high-pressure-resistant non-conductive material is made of any one of alloy ceramic, rare earth ceramic, graphene-ceramic composite material, organic ceramic, synthetic silicone rubber, organic insulating material, alloy glass, rare earth glass, graphene glass and organic glass.

4. A method of recoil extinguishing an arc plasma as recited in claim 2, wherein: and an arc striking module is also arranged at the inlet of the backflushing module.

5. The method of recoil quenching an arc plasma according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the inner diameter range of the backflushing module is 2.5-10 mm.

6. The method of recoil quenching an arc plasma according to any one of claims 4, wherein: the lightning receiving module and the arc striking module are respectively made of conductive materials.

7. A system for recoil extinguishing of an arc plasma, comprising: mainly comprises an arc striking module (1), a recoil module (2) and a lightning receiving module (3); the arc striking module (1) is arranged at an opening at one end of the backflushing module (2), and the lightning receiving module (3) is hermetically arranged at the other end of the backflushing module (2), so that the backflushing module (2) becomes a semi-closed pipe fitting which is hollow inside, and is open at one end and closed at the other end.

8. The system for recoil quenching of an arc plasma of claim 7, wherein: the inner diameter range of the backflushing module (2) is 2.5-10 mm.

9. The system for recoil quenching of an arc plasma of claim 7, wherein: the arc striking module (1) is a conductive metal ring, and the outer side wall of the conductive metal ring is tightly attached to the inner wall of the recoil module (2).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of arc striking and arc extinguishing, and particularly relates to a method and a system for back-flushing arc plasma.

Background

The state in which a substance exists corresponds to a certain amount of binding energy, and a solid state is generally called a first state, a liquid state is called a second state, and a gaseous state is called a third state. When the average kinetic energy of the particles is larger than the ionization energy, the electrons in the bound state moving on the track can be separated from atoms or molecules to be called free electrons, and thus, a fourth state of matter, namely plasma, is formed.

Plasma refers to ionized gaseous matter that exists as a separate species with three basic properties: (1) and (4) conductivity. Because free electrons and ions with positive and negative charges exist, the plasma has strong conductivity; (2) the electricity is quasi-neutral. Although there are many charged particles inside the plasma, on a sufficiently small spatial and temporal scale, the number of positive charges carried by the particles is always equal to the number of negative charges, called quasi-neutrality. (3) Availability to magnetic fields. Because the plasma is a conductive body composed of charged particles, the magnetic field can be used to control characteristics such as its position, shape, and motion.

The plasma can be divided into high temperature plasma (particle temperature 106-108K) and low temperature plasma (particle temperature from room temperature to 3 × 10)⁴K) In that respect The low temperature plasma can be classified into thermal plasma (heavy particle temperature 3 × 10) according to the temperature level of heavy particles³—3×10⁴K) And cold plasma (heavy particle temperature is only around room temperature, electron temperature can reach ten thousand degrees). The thermal plasma is substantially in thermodynamic equilibrium and therefore has a uniform thermodynamic temperature, wherein the arc plasma belongs to the thermal plasma.

Since the temperature of particles in the arc plasma is high and close to a local thermodynamic equilibrium state, and electrons, ions and neutral particles have the same characteristic temperature, the arc plasma state can be described by a uniform thermodynamic temperature like a common gas. Therefore, the state and parameters of the arc plasma can be determined by applying Maxwell velocity distribution, Boltzmann particle energy state probability distribution, the Saha equation and the like.

Recent studies have shown that the arcing phenomenon is essentially a complex of electrophysics and thermophysics, and in many cases, the thermophysics plays a decisive role. And studying the thermodynamic state, flow state and physical process of the arc plasma is crucial to extinguishing the arc.

At present, lightning stroke accidents in areas such as overhead power transmission and distribution lines, transformer substations, power plants and the like are frequent, and accidents caused by lightning strokes bring great challenges to the safety, stability and reliability of power systems, and bring great influences to national economic development and the living standard of people. The power equipment comprises circuit breaker arc extinguishing, lightning protection device arc extinguishing and the like, wherein SF6 gas commonly used in circuit breaker arc extinguishing is used as arc extinguishing gas, and the lightning protection device arc extinguishing comprises solid arc extinguishing and gas arc extinguishing. The applicant and the related inventors have conducted a great deal of research thereon and have obtained a series of research results. For example, patent application numbers CN201210371579.3, CN201310276758.3, CN 201510069010.5, CN 201510069615.4, CN 201710735970 and X. However, the applicant and the related inventors still continuously find new problems and new research directions in the continuous research process and the practical application of the product.

The solid arc extinguishing mainly utilizes a nonlinear resistor to extinguish the arc, and has the following defects: (1) there is a conflict between residual voltage and arc extinguishing voltage: the smaller the minimum value of the nonlinear resistor is, the lower the residual voltage is, which is beneficial to limiting the overvoltage amplitude at two ends of the protection equipment, but the arc extinguishing capability is weak. The residual voltage is high, although the arc extinguishing capability is enhanced, the amplitude of overvoltage applied to two ends of the protection equipment after the lightning arrester acts is increased, and high requirements are provided for insulation, so that the arc extinguishing benefit and the lightning protection benefit of the solid arc extinguishing lightning arrester cannot be achieved at the same time; (2) there is a conflict between heat generation and dissipation: the working process of the nonlinear resistor is that when the lightning overvoltage exceeds an action value, the resistance value of the resistor is changed from an original high-resistance state to a low-resistance state, and according to ohm's law I = U/R, huge lightning current flows through the nonlinear resistor to generate huge joule heat. In addition, the damp-proof sealing environment seriously influences a heat dissipation channel, so that thermal breakdown is a large probability event, and once the nonlinear resistance resistor is thermally broken down, the nonlinear resistance resistor becomes a permanent short circuit; (3) there is a contradiction that the action interval is much less than the heat dissipation time: generally, the interval time of the nonlinear resistor heat dissipation is between 50 seconds and 60 seconds, and in a serious case, the lightning protection device is broken down due to the fact that the nonlinear resistor cannot dissipate heat in time, and a short circuit event is caused.

Gas arc extinction is the process of extinguishing an arc by applying a gas to the arc, also known as arc blowing. The gas arc extinction includes external energy type gas arc extinction and internal energy type gas arc extinction. The internal energy type gas arc extinguishing is characterized in that self energy of thunder or power frequency is utilized to act on electric arcs, the internal energy type gas arc extinguishing is mainly divided into thermal expansion arc extinguishing and compression arc extinguishing, the thermal expansion arc extinguishing is mainly realized by designing a plurality of metal electrodes in a lightning protection device, small air gaps are formed between every two electrodes, after the electric arcs puncture the small air gaps, gas in the small air gaps is baked and heated by utilizing power frequency follow current energy, the gas is enabled to generate thermal expansion and act on the electric arcs to realize transverse blowing, and the electric arcs are extinguished when the power frequency follow current zero-. The compression arc extinguishing is that a plurality of compression pipelines are arranged in the lightning protection device, a metal electrode is arranged in the compression pipeline, after impact electric arc enters the compression pipeline, the electric arc is compressed in a large scale, an electric arc voltage explosion effect is formed at the outlet of a nozzle by utilizing the difference of internal pressure and external pressure and the temperature difference, and jet air flow is generated to act on the arc fracture to realize longitudinal blowing. And a three-way pipe is additionally arranged between every two compressed pipes, and metal electrodes are arranged at two ends of the three-way pipe to generate transverse jet gas to act on the electric arc after the electric arc is impacted to enter the three-way pipe, so that transverse blowing is realized. The longitudinal blowing and the transverse blowing are combined with each other, and the space structure design between the compression pipeline and the three-way pipeline is adopted, so that the electric arc is subjected to multi-breakpoint pressure explosion and is sprayed, and the electric arc is extinguished at the stage of impacting the electric arc or at the early stage of power-frequency follow current.

Because the arc motion trail is carried out according to the same direction in the arc-extinguishing lightning protection device, the whole energy of the arc flows through the gas arc-extinguishing lightning protection device along the motion trail, and the problem of limited current capacity exists at the moment.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method and a system for recoil extinction of arc plasma, aiming at the defects in the prior art. The invention provides a new arc extinguishing concept, and forms an effective arc extinguishing method and system, and the arc extinguishing method and system can be applied to the action front end of a solid-phase arc extinguishing device or a gas arc extinguishing device, so that the defects of the solid-phase arc extinguishing device or the gas arc extinguishing device are effectively overcome.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method of recoil extinguishing an arc plasma comprising the steps of:

installing a lightning receiving module at one port of a backflushing module for sealing, so that the backflushing module forms a semi-closed pipe fitting;

step two, when the electric arc flashover occurs, the outer electric arc is introduced into the back-flushing module under the coulomb force action of the lightning receiving module;

thirdly, the electric arc entering the back flushing module is called an inlet electric arc (the direction of the electric arc is a positive direction), and the diameter of an arc column of the inlet electric arc is limited by the pipe wall in the back flushing module and is subjected to the filling effect of a narrow pipe of the back flushing module; the inlet electric arc filled by the narrow pipe has the advantages that the diameter of the arc column is reduced, so that the conductive cross section area of the whole electric arc is reduced, the electric arc density is increased, the temperature of the center of the electric arc is increased, the speed is increased, and the pressure in the backflushing module is increased rapidly; the inlet electric arc rapidly enters the backflushing module, so that the electric arc is subjected to the perfusion effect of the narrow pipe, becomes thin in the radial direction and generates elastic force with larger axial force, and then rushes to the lightning receiving module and generates elastic collision, the direction of the electric arc is converted for 180 degrees, an outlet electric arc is formed (the direction of the electric arc is a negative direction), and an outlet path is rushed out from the inlet of the perfusion narrow pipe in the backflushing module and leaves the backflushing module;

fourthly, in the recoil module, pressure superposition, temperature superposition and density superposition effects formed by the inlet electric arc and the outlet electric arc which have opposite movement directions are used for multiplying the pressure in the recoil module at the top speed; finally, the outer electric arc and the electric arc in the die block form internal and external pressure difference, temperature difference, density difference and speed difference, so that the inner electric arc is rushed out of the die block under the action of recoil, the energy in the die block is weakened, the entry of the electric arc at an inlet is blocked, an electric arc large-scale fracture is formed at the inlet of the recoil module, the continuity of the electric arc is damaged, and the extinguishing of the electric arc is accelerated; the outlet electric arc after backflushing acts on the outer electric arc at the inlet of the backflushing module to form a cavity effect, so that the interception of the outer electric arc is accelerated.

In the method for extinguishing arc plasma by backflushing, the backflushing module is a semi-closed pipe fitting with a hollow interior, an opening at one end and a closed end at the other end, and the pipe wall of the backflushing module is made of a high-strength high-temperature-resistant and high-pressure-resistant non-conductive material. The high-strength, high-temperature-resistant and high-pressure-resistant non-conductive material can be selected from, but is not limited to, the following materials: alloy ceramics, rare earth ceramics, graphene-ceramic composite materials, organic ceramics, synthetic silicone rubber, organic insulating materials, alloy glass, rare earth glass, graphene glass and organic glass. And an arc striking module is also arranged at the inlet of the backflushing module. The arc striking module is arranged, so that a long-distance external arc can be ensured to be introduced into the recoil module.

In the method for extinguishing arc plasma by backflushing, the value range of the inner diameter of the backflushing module is 2.5-10 mm. In the specific implementation, the value of the inner diameter of the recoil module is mainly different according to the application aspect of the recoil system, the value range of the inner diameter of the recoil module applied to the power transmission line is smaller than that of the recoil module for lightning protection of a building, and the higher the voltage grade of the power transmission line applying the recoil module is, the larger the inner diameter of the recoil module is.

In the method for extinguishing arc plasma by backflushing, the lightning receiving module and the arc striking module are both made of conductive materials respectively.

The invention also provides a system for backflushing to extinguish arc plasma, which mainly comprises a lightning receiving module, a backflushing module and an arc striking module; the arc striking module is arranged at an opening at one end of the backflushing module, and the flash receiving module is hermetically arranged at the other end of the backflushing module, so that the backflushing module becomes a semi-closed pipe fitting which is hollow inside, and is open at one end and closed at the other end.

As a further limitation of the system, the arc striking module is a conductive metal ring, and an outer side wall of the conductive metal ring is tightly attached to an inner wall of the recoil module.

As a further limitation of the system, the arc striking module is generally made of a conductive material, so that arc plasma smoothly enters the back-flushing module and is positioned at the connection position of the back-flushing system and the external air; the recoil module is generally made of a high-strength high-temperature-resistant high-pressure-resistant non-conductive material, so that an electric arc is subjected to the perfusion action of a narrow pipe, is an area where an inlet electric arc and an outlet electric arc are intersected, and is a core module for realizing the recoil process; the lightning receptor module is generally made of a conductive material, and is different from the arc striking module in that the lightning receptor module enables the whole backflushing system to form a semi-closed space which is an area where electric arcs collide elastically.

The technical principle of the invention is as follows:

the recoil module of the present invention is preceded by a throat pour channel, which is the only channel for the arc to enter the device. A variety of physical changes occur during perfusion.

1. The arc plasma is elastically deformed. When the arc plasma enters the inlet of the back flushing pipe, the physical shape is changed firstly, a coarse arc is changed into an ultrafine arc, the radial pressure is changed into the axial pressure, and the spraying speed is accelerated during the arc back flushing due to the back flushing effect of the narrow pipe.

2. The arc temperature rise effect is exacerbated. After the electric arc is thinned, the cross-sectional area of the electric arc is reduced according to the formulaThe arc resistance will increase substantially. Because the lightning arc is often used as a constant current source in practical experience work according to a formulaIt is known that although the impact time is only a few microseconds, the overall energy increases and the packing temperature in the recoil tube increases.

The electric arc plays the effect of blocking to the electric arc, only can produce heat, can not dispel the heat, consequently can produce the temperature rise of blocking nature for the intraductal temperature lasts the rising.

3. The pressure explosion effect increases sharply. When the temperature is gradually increased, the accumulation of the electric arc is increased, the pressure explosion effect is further aggravated, and the electric arc spraying strength is larger.

The principle of this patent is different from the structure and principle of the prior art "angle lightning arrester (patent application number CN 200810178607.3)", as follows:

1) the arc extinction has no time lag effect. In the arcing horn system, arc jet gas is discharged by lightning flashover, and this process requires a conductive component such as a metal component generated by melting and vaporization or an ion component in a plasmatized gas, and the component is in a floating state in the air, thereby reducing the insulating ability in the air and easily causing arc displacement, and the arc jet gas is discharged at the arc displacement position to interrupt the arc. Obviously, in the process of arc flashover, melting and vaporizing of the conductive material and ejection of arc jet, a time lag effect exists, namely, the energy of the arc jet ejected by the arcing horn device is smaller than that of the lightning flashover arc. The narrow tube perfusion effect provided by the patent makes full use of the elastic deformation of the arc plasma, the physical shape of the arc plasma is changed when the arc plasma enters the inlet of the recoil pipe, the coarse arc is changed into the ultrafine arc, the radial pressure is converted into the axial pressure, and the ejection speed is accelerated during the electric arc recoil due to the narrow tube recoil effect.

2) The arc extinction threshold is high. Because the arc extinguishing cylinder and the gas generating device of the arcing horn device are made of polyamide resin (also named nylon), the temperature of the arc extinguishing cylinder and the gas generating device can be about 500 ℃, and the value of the arc extinguishing cylinder and the gas generating device is far less than the arc burning temperature (the maximum value is 3726.85 ℃). Therefore, the arc extinguishing cylinder and the gas generating device are very susceptible to high temperature and finally burst. The patent proposes that the material is made of non-conductive materials with high strength, high temperature resistance and high pressure resistance, such as alloy ceramics, rare earth ceramics, graphene-ceramic composite materials, organic ceramics, synthetic silicone rubber, organic insulating materials, alloy glass, rare earth glass, graphene glass and organic glass, and is combined with novel materials

3) No high-temperature baking gas generation mode exists. The arcing horn acts on the arc by spraying arc jet and blows the arc in the gap. The sprayed arc jet needs high-temperature baking to generate gas, which seriously results in loss of gas generating materials and obviously reduces the service life of the device. The patent proposes the plasma narrow tube perfusion effect: the radial displacement of the electric arc entering the recoil pipe is changed into axial expansion by utilizing the fluidity of the electric arc plasma; the bottom of the back punch pipe is subjected to geometric elastic deformation, and pressure superposition, temperature superposition and density superposition effects formed by the inlet electric arc and the outlet electric arc enable the pressure in the back punch block to be multiplied at the highest speed, the follow-up energy of the electric arc is damaged, and the continuity of the electric arc is blocked. Therefore, a high-temperature baking gas generation mode does not exist, the loss of the patent material is ensured, and the service life is long.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the invention can improve the safety of the lightning protection device because it is realized by blocking the injection of the electric arc.

2. Power system safety capabilities; the improvement of the arc extinguishing capability of the device reduces the probability of short circuit of the power system, all flashover points can be effectively stopped before various natural disturbances occur, the flashover points are eliminated before the power system is subjected to malignant mutation, and the cost performance of lightning protection is improved.

3. The maintenance cost is low and the efficiency is high.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for recoil quenching an arc plasma in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for recoil quenching an arc plasma in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an arc into a recoil system in one embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1-arc striking module, 2-recoil module and 3-lightning receiving module.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.