阅读说明：本技术 一种牵引式四行甜菜收获机 (Four-row pull-type beet harvester ) 是由 王洪杰 王彬 贺希格吉日嘎拉 吴淑琴 郭海杰 刘斌 郑立乾 于 2020-08-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种牵引式四行甜菜收获机,它包括机架、挖掘装置、输送系统和传动系统,输送系统包括向后输送装置、提升装置、装车输送装置；所述的挖掘装置包括能挖掘两个覆膜带四行甜菜宽度的挖掘铲,每个覆膜带两侧位置都设有切割盘；所述的向后输送装置包括第一向后输送链和第二向后输送链,所述的提升装置包括前侧向上提升链和后侧向上提升链,所述的装车输送装置包括向前输送链和装车输送链,在向前输送链的下部设有导土传送带,在第一向后输送链与第二向后输送链的衔接处设有第一脱膜辊,在第二向后输送链与后侧向上提升链的衔接处设有第二脱膜辊,在前侧向上提升链与向前输送链的衔接处设有第三脱膜辊。它结构合理故障率低,收获甜菜效率高,抖土除膜效果好,甜菜收获质量好。(The invention discloses a traction type four-row beet harvester which comprises a frame, an excavating device, a conveying system and a transmission system, wherein the conveying system comprises a backward conveying device, a lifting device and a loading conveying device; the digging device comprises a digging shovel which can dig two film-coated belts with the width of four rows of beets, and cutting discs are arranged at the two sides of each film-coated belt; the backward conveying device comprises a first backward conveying chain and a second backward conveying chain, the lifting device comprises a front side upward lifting chain and a rear side upward lifting chain, the loading conveying device comprises a forward conveying chain and a loading conveying chain, a soil guide conveying belt is arranged on the lower portion of the forward conveying chain, a first stripping roller is arranged at the joint of the first backward conveying chain and the second backward conveying chain, a second stripping roller is arranged at the joint of the second backward conveying chain and the rear side upward lifting chain, and a third stripping roller is arranged at the joint of the front side upward lifting chain and the forward conveying chain. The device has the advantages of reasonable structure, low failure rate, high efficiency of harvesting the beets, good soil shaking and film removing effects and good beet harvesting quality.)

1. A traction type four-row beet harvester comprises a frame, an excavating device, a conveying system and a transmission system, wherein the conveying system comprises a backward conveying device, a lifting device and a loading conveying device; the method is characterized in that: the digging device comprises a digging shovel which can dig two film-coated belts with the width of four rows of beets, and cutting discs are arranged at the two sides of each film-coated belt; the backward conveying device comprises a first backward conveying chain and a second backward conveying chain, the lifting device comprises a front side upward lifting chain and a rear side upward lifting chain, the loading conveying device comprises a forward conveying chain and a loading conveying chain, a soil guide conveying belt is arranged on the lower portion of the forward conveying chain, a first stripping roller is arranged at the joint of the first backward conveying chain and the second backward conveying chain, a second stripping roller is arranged at the joint of the second backward conveying chain and the rear side upward lifting chain, and a third stripping roller is arranged at the joint of the front side upward lifting chain and the forward conveying chain.

2. The four-row traction beet harvester as in claim 1, wherein: the rear end of the first backward conveying chain is provided with a first driving shaft, the rear end of the second backward conveying chain is provided with a second driving shaft, the upper end of the front side upward lifting chain is provided with a third driving shaft, the upper end of the rear side upward lifting chain is provided with a fourth driving shaft, the front end of the forward conveying chain is provided with a fifth driving shaft, the upper end of the loading conveying chain is provided with a sixth driving shaft, and the inner side end or the outer side end of the soil guide conveying belt is provided with a seventh driving shaft.

3. The pull-type four-row beet harvester of claim 2, wherein: the transmission system comprises a gear box, a first gear commutator and a second gear commutator, wherein an input shaft at the front side of the gear box is connected with a first transmission shaft, an output shaft at the rear side of the gear box is in driving connection with a hydraulic pump, the other output shaft at the rear side of the gear box is connected with the input shaft at the front side of the first gear commutator through a second transmission shaft, output shafts at two sides of the first gear commutator are respectively connected with a third transmission shaft and a fourth transmission shaft, the third transmission shaft is connected with a first driving shaft through chain transmission, the fourth transmission shaft is connected with a first demoulding roller through chain transmission or belt transmission, the output shaft at the rear side of the first gear commutator is connected with the input shaft at the front side of the second gear commutator through a fifth transmission shaft, the output shafts at two sides of the second gear commutator are respectively connected with a sixth transmission shaft and a seventh transmission shaft, the sixth transmission shaft is connected with a second driving shaft through chain transmission, and, the sixth transmission shaft is connected with the middle driving shaft through chain transmission, the middle driving shaft is connected with the third driving shaft through chain reverse transmission and is connected with the fourth driving shaft through chain or belt transmission in the same direction, the fourth driving shaft is connected with the third demoulding roller through chain or belt transmission, and the third driving shaft is connected with the fifth driving shaft through chain transmission; the sixth drive shaft is driven by the first hydraulic motor and the seventh drive shaft is driven by the second hydraulic motor.

4. The four-row traction beet harvester as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: vibration shafts are arranged in the middle of the first backward conveying chain and the second backward conveying chain, and triangular vibration wheels are arranged on the vibration shafts.

5. The pull-type four-row beet harvester of claim 4, wherein: the loading conveying chain is installed on the loading conveying frame, the loading conveying frame comprises a lower loading conveying frame, the upper end of the lower loading conveying frame is hinged to an upper loading conveying frame, the lower middle portions of two sides of the upper loading conveying frame are fixedly connected with driving arms extending downwards respectively, and hydraulic oil cylinders connected with the lower ends of the driving arms on the same side are arranged on two sides of the lower loading conveying frame respectively.

6. The four-row traction beet harvester of claim 5, wherein: the lower ends of the two driving arms are connected with a fixed supporting rod connected with the frame, and the lower section of the fixed supporting rod is provided with a plurality of screw mounting holes for adjusting the supporting height.

7. The four-row traction beet harvester as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the digging shovel comprises a shovel beam transversely and fixedly installed at the front end of the frame, a plurality of shovel arms bent upwards are fixedly connected to the lower side of the front of the shovel beam at equal intervals, and a shovel blade is installed at the front end of each shovel arm.

8. The pull-type four-row beet harvester of claim 7, wherein: the cutting disc is installed on the rack through the cutting frame, the cutting frame comprises an upper support arm and an elastic support rod, the lower end of the upper support arm is hinged with the upper end of the lower support arm, the cutting disc is installed at the lower end of the lower support arm through a bearing seat and a disc shaft, and the lower end of the elastic support rod is supported on the bearing seat.

9. The pull-type four-row beet harvester of claim 8, wherein: the first backward conveying chain, the second backward conveying chain, the front side upward lifting chain, the rear side upward lifting chain, the forward conveying chain and the loading conveying chain all adopt chain rod conveying belts.

10. The pull-type four-row beet harvester of claim 9, wherein: the first stripping roller, the second stripping roller and the third stripping roller are smooth metal rollers.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a traction type four-row beet harvester.

Background

At present, the method for planting the beets mostly adopts drip tank mulching planting, each mulching belt is used for planting two rows of beets, and in order to improve the beet harvesting efficiency and reduce the labor intensity of farmers, a mechanical harvesting machine is generally adopted to harvest the beets.

Such as: chinese patent CN206542727U discloses a beet harvester, which comprises a frame, an excavating device, a backward conveying device, a lifting device, a loading conveying device and a transmission system, and the working principle is as follows: the beet harvester is dragged by a tractor to walk along the ridges; digging out the beet root tuber by a digging device; the beet root tubers are conveyed to the rear part of the machine by a backward conveying device, and some soil is shaken off in the conveying process; lifting the beet root tubers to a high position by a lifting device; the sugar beet are transversely conveyed to parallel sugar beet root tuber transport vehicles by a loading and conveying device.

The disadvantages are that: two rows of beets planted in one film-coated belt can be harvested in one stroke, so that harvesting efficiency is low, and harvesting cost is high; the backward conveying device has short stroke, and soil is not shaken off cleanly; the mulching film and the drip irrigation tape can not be removed, the mulching film and the drip irrigation tape are wound on mechanical parts, and the mulching film and the drip irrigation tape are doped in the harvested beet tuberous roots, so that inconvenience is brought to later-stage processing.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides a traction type four-row beet harvester which is reasonable in structure, low in failure rate, high in beet harvesting efficiency, good in soil shaking and film removing effects and good in beet harvesting quality.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a traction type four-row beet harvester comprises a frame, an excavating device, a conveying system and a transmission system, wherein the conveying system comprises a backward conveying device, a lifting device and a loading conveying device; the method is characterized in that: the digging device comprises a digging shovel which can dig two film-coated belts with the width of four rows of beets, and cutting discs are arranged at the two sides of each film-coated belt; the backward conveying device comprises a first backward conveying chain and a second backward conveying chain, the lifting device comprises a front side upward lifting chain and a rear side upward lifting chain, the loading conveying device comprises a forward conveying chain and a loading conveying chain, a soil guide conveying belt is arranged on the lower portion of the forward conveying chain, a first stripping roller is arranged at the joint of the first backward conveying chain and the second backward conveying chain, a second stripping roller is arranged at the joint of the second backward conveying chain and the rear side upward lifting chain, and a third stripping roller is arranged at the joint of the front side upward lifting chain and the forward conveying chain.

Furthermore, a first driving shaft is arranged at the rear end of the first backward conveying chain, a second driving shaft is arranged at the rear end of the second backward conveying chain, a third driving shaft is arranged at the upper end of the front upward lifting chain, a fourth driving shaft is arranged at the upper end of the rear upward lifting chain, a fifth driving shaft is arranged at the front end of the forward conveying chain, a sixth driving shaft is arranged at the upper end of the loading conveying chain, and a seventh driving shaft is arranged at the inner side end or the outer side end of the soil guide conveying belt.

Furthermore, the transmission system comprises a gear box, a first gear commutator and a second gear commutator, wherein an input shaft at the front side of the gear box is connected with a first transmission shaft, an output shaft at the rear side of the gear box is in driving connection with a hydraulic pump, the other output shaft at the rear side of the gear box is connected with the input shaft at the front side of the first gear commutator through a second transmission shaft, the output shafts at the two sides of the first gear commutator are respectively connected with a third transmission shaft and a fourth transmission shaft, the third transmission shaft is connected with a first driving shaft through chain transmission, the fourth transmission shaft is connected with a first demoulding roller through chain or belt transmission, the output shaft at the rear side of the first gear commutator is connected with the input shaft at the front side of the second gear commutator through a fifth transmission shaft, the output shafts at the two sides of the second gear commutator are respectively connected with a sixth transmission shaft and a seventh transmission shaft, the seventh transmission shaft is connected with the second film removing roller through chain or belt transmission, the sixth transmission shaft is connected with the middle driving shaft through chain transmission, the middle driving shaft is connected with the third driving shaft through chain reverse transmission and is connected with the fourth driving shaft through same-direction transmission, the fourth driving shaft is connected with the third film removing roller through chain or belt transmission, and the third driving shaft is connected with the fifth driving shaft through chain transmission; the sixth drive shaft is driven by the first hydraulic motor and the seventh drive shaft is driven by the second hydraulic motor.

Furthermore, vibration shafts are arranged in the middle of the first backward conveying chain and the second backward conveying chain, and triangular vibration wheels are arranged on the vibration shafts.

Furthermore, the loading conveying chain is installed on the loading conveying frame, the loading conveying frame comprises a lower loading conveying frame, the upper end of the lower loading conveying frame is hinged to an upper loading conveying frame, the middle lower parts of the two sides of the upper loading conveying frame are respectively fixedly connected with a driving arm extending downwards, and the two sides of the lower loading conveying frame are respectively provided with a hydraulic cylinder connected with the lower end of the driving arm at the same side.

Furthermore, the lower ends of the two driving arms are connected with a fixed supporting rod connected with the frame, and the lower section of the fixed supporting rod is provided with a plurality of screw mounting holes for adjusting the supporting height.

Furthermore, the digging shovel comprises a shovel beam transversely and fixedly installed at the front end of the frame, a plurality of shovel arms bent upwards are fixedly connected to the front lower side of the shovel beam at equal intervals, and a shovel blade is installed at the front end of each shovel arm.

Furthermore, the cutting disc is installed on the rack through a cutting frame, the cutting frame comprises an upper support arm and an elastic supporting rod, the lower end of the upper support arm is hinged with the upper end of the lower support arm, the cutting disc is installed at the lower end of the lower support arm through a bearing seat and a disc shaft, and the lower end of the elastic supporting rod is supported on the bearing seat.

Further, the first backward conveying chain, the second backward conveying chain, the front side upward lifting chain, the rear side upward lifting chain, the forward conveying chain and the loading conveying chain all adopt chain rod conveying belts.

Further, the first film removing roller, the second film removing roller and the third film removing roller are smooth metal rollers.

Principle of operation

(1) In the process of advancing by the tractor, the four cutting disks cut both sides of two mulching film belts, cut off film edges, beet stalks, beet leaves and the like, so as to avoid congestion and winding in the harvesting process, and the digging shovel digs out four rows of beets; the other function of the two cutting disks in the middle is to cut up the soil between the two mulching film belts, and prevent the soil from digging up and entering the conveying system to be mixed with the harvested beets.

(2) Conveying the beet to a first backward conveying chain, and shaking off a part of soil in the process of conveying the beet backward;

(3) the beet passes through a first film removing roller which rotates reversely, and impurities such as mulching films, drip irrigation belts and the like which are mixed in the beet are removed for the first time;

(4) conveying the beet to a second backward conveying chain, and shaking off a part of soil in the process of conveying the beet backward, so far, shaking off most of soil basically;

(5) the beet passes through a second stripping roller which rotates reversely, and impurities such as mulching films, drip irrigation belts and the like which are mixed in the beet are removed for the second time;

(6) the beet is conveyed to the rear lateral upward lifting chain, then the beet is clamped by the front lateral upward lifting chain and the rear lateral upward lifting chain to be lifted upwards, and the beet is clamped, rotated and lifted due to different rotating speeds of the front lateral upward lifting chain and the rear lateral upward lifting chain, and most soil adhered to the beet is rubbed off;

(7) the beet passes through a third film removing roller which rotates reversely, and impurities such as mulching films, drip irrigation belts and the like which are mixed in the beet are removed for the third time;

(8) the beet is conveyed to the forward conveying chain, part of soil sundries still fall off, the soil guide conveying belt arranged at the lower part of the forward conveying chain can receive the soil sundries falling from the forward conveying chain and sundries such as mulching films, drip irrigation belts and the like removed from the third film removing roller and convey the soil sundries to the outer side of the beet harvester, so that the beet is prevented from reentering the conveying system;

(9) the beet is conveyed to a loading conveying chain, and when partial soil sundries still fall down, the beet is conveyed to a parallel beet conveying vehicle.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the digging device comprises a digging shovel capable of digging two film-coated belts with four rows of beet widths, wherein cutting discs are arranged at the two sides of each film-coated belt; four ridges of beets can be harvested in one harvesting stroke, the working efficiency is doubled compared with the prior art, one beet is filled, the stroke of the beet transport vehicle is doubled, the working efficiency is high, and the harvesting cost is low.

(2) The invention includes the first backward conveying chain and the second backward conveying chain, prolongs the horizontal backward conveying stroke of the beet, which is the main stroke for removing the soil and the impurities.

(3) According to the invention, the first stripping roller, the second stripping roller and the third stripping roller are arranged in the conveying system, and the stripping efficiency is improved through three times of stripping.

(4) The digging shovel comprises a shovel beam transversely and fixedly installed at the front end of a rack, a plurality of shovel arms bent upwards are fixedly connected to the front lower side of the shovel beam at equal intervals, and a shovel blade is installed at the front end of each shovel arm. The design is favorable for reducing excavation resistance, most of soil leaks from the gap between the shovel arms, and the pressure for removing soil and impurities of the conveying chain is reduced.

(5) The conveying frame of the loading conveying chain is composed of two sections which are hinged together, and the height of the outer side end of the loading conveying chain can be adjusted through the hydraulic oil cylinder, so that the requirements of beet transport vehicles with different heights are met.

(6) The lower part of the forward conveying chain is provided with the soil guide conveying belt which can receive soil sundries falling from the forward conveying chain and sundries such as mulching films, drip irrigation belts and the like removed from the third film removing roller and convey the soil sundries to the outer side of the beet harvester so as to prevent the soil sundries from reentering the conveying system.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rear side view angle of a four-row traction type beet harvester according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a front side view angle of a four-row traction type beet harvester according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the delivery system of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of the conveyor system of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the transmission system of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the excavator blade of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the cutting disk assembly of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-a machine frame, 2-a shovel beam, 3-a shovel arm, 4-a shovel blade, 5-a cutting disc, 6-an upper arm, 7-an elastic supporting rod, 8-a lower arm, 9-a bearing seat, 10-a disc shaft, 11-a first backward conveying chain, 12-a second backward conveying chain, 13-a front side upward lifting chain, 14-a rear side upward lifting chain, 15-a forward conveying chain, 16-a loading conveying chain, 17-a soil guide conveying belt, 18-a first stripping roller, 19-a second stripping roller, 20-a third stripping roller, 21-a first driving shaft, 22-a second driving shaft, 23-a third driving shaft, 24-a fourth driving shaft, 25-a fifth driving shaft, 26-a sixth driving shaft, 27-a seventh driving shaft and 28-a middle driving shaft, 29-a gear box, 30-a first gear reverser, 31-a second gear reverser, 32-a hydraulic pump, 33-a first transmission shaft, 34-a second transmission shaft, 35-a third transmission shaft, 36-a fourth transmission shaft, 37-a fifth transmission shaft, 38-a sixth transmission shaft, 39-a seventh transmission shaft, 40-a first hydraulic motor, 41-a second hydraulic motor, 42-a vibration shaft, 43-a triangular vibration wheel, 44-a lower-section loading conveying frame, 45-an upper-section loading conveying frame, 46-a driving arm, 47-a hydraulic oil cylinder, 48-a fixed support rod and 49-a screw mounting hole.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, a four-row traction beet harvester comprises a frame 1, a digging device, a conveying system and a transmission system, wherein the conveying system comprises a backward conveying device, a lifting device and a loading conveying device; the digging device comprises a digging shovel which can dig two film-coated belts with the width of four rows of beets, and cutting discs 5 are arranged at the two side positions of each film-coated belt; the digging shovel comprises a shovel beam 2 transversely and fixedly installed at the front end of the frame 1, seven upward-bent shovel arms 3 are fixedly connected to the front lower side of the shovel beam at equal intervals, and a shovel blade 4 is installed at the front end of each shovel arm 3. The cutting disc 5 is installed on the machine frame 1 through a cutting frame, the cutting frame comprises an upper support arm 6 and an elastic support rod 7, the lower end of the upper support arm 6 is hinged with the upper end of a lower support arm 8, the cutting disc 5 is installed at the lower end of the lower support arm 8 through a bearing seat 9 and a disc shaft 10, and the lower end of the elastic support rod 7 is supported on the bearing seat 9. The backward conveying device comprises a first backward conveying chain 11 and a second backward conveying chain 12, the lifting device comprises a front side upward lifting chain 13 and a rear side upward lifting chain 14, the loading conveying device comprises a forward conveying chain 15 and a loading conveying chain 16, a soil guide conveying belt 17 is arranged at the lower part of the forward conveying chain 15, a first stripping roller 18 is arranged at the joint of the first backward conveying chain 11 and the second backward conveying chain 12, a second stripping roller 19 is arranged at the joint of the second backward conveying chain 12 and the rear side upward lifting chain 14, and a third stripping roller 20 is arranged at the joint of the front side upward lifting chain 13 and the forward conveying chain 15. The rear end of the first backward conveying chain 11 is provided with a first driving shaft 21, the rear end of the second backward conveying chain 12 is provided with a second driving shaft 22, the upper end of the front side upward lifting chain 13 is provided with a third driving shaft 23, the upper end of the rear side upward lifting chain 14 is provided with a fourth driving shaft 24, the front end of the forward conveying chain 15 is provided with a fifth driving shaft 25, the upper end of the loading conveying chain 16 is provided with a sixth driving shaft 26, the outer side end of the soil guide conveying belt 17 is provided with a seventh driving shaft 27, the middle parts of the first backward conveying chain 11 and the second backward conveying chain 12 are both provided with a vibration shaft 42, and the vibration shaft 42 is provided with a triangular vibration wheel. The transmission system comprises a gear box 29, a first gear reverser 30 and a second gear reverser 31, wherein an input shaft at the front side of the gear box 29 is connected with a first transmission shaft 33, an output shaft at the rear side of the gear box 29 is in driving connection with a hydraulic pump 32, the other output shaft at the rear side of the gear box 29 is connected with the input shaft at the front side of the first gear reverser 30 through a second transmission shaft 34, output shafts at two sides of the first gear reverser 30 are respectively connected with a third transmission shaft 35 and a fourth transmission shaft 36, the third transmission shaft 35 is connected with a first driving shaft 21 through chain transmission, the fourth transmission shaft 36 is connected with a first stripping roller 18 through belt transmission, the output shaft at the rear side of the first gear reverser 30 is connected with the input shaft at the front side of the second gear reverser 31 through a fifth transmission shaft 37, output shafts at two sides of the second gear reverser 31 are respectively connected with a sixth transmission shaft 38 and a seventh transmission shaft 39, the sixth transmission shaft 38 is connected, the seventh transmission shaft 39 is connected with the second demoulding roller 19 through belt transmission, the sixth transmission shaft is connected with the intermediate driving shaft 28 through chain transmission 38, the intermediate driving shaft 28 is connected with the third driving shaft 23 through chain reverse transmission and is connected with the fourth driving shaft 24 through chain transmission in the same direction, the fourth driving shaft 24 is connected with the third demoulding roller 20 through belt transmission, and the third driving shaft 23 is connected with the fifth driving shaft 25 through chain transmission; the sixth drive shaft 26 is driven by a first hydraulic motor 40 and the seventh drive shaft 27 is driven by a second hydraulic motor 41. The loading conveying chain 16 is installed on a loading conveying frame, the loading conveying frame comprises a lower loading conveying frame 44, the upper end of the lower loading conveying frame 44 is hinged to an upper loading conveying frame 45, the middle lower parts of the two sides of the upper loading conveying frame 45 are fixedly connected with downwards extending driving arms 46 respectively, and the two sides of the lower loading conveying frame 44 are provided with hydraulic oil cylinders 47 connected with the lower ends of the driving arms 46 on the same side respectively. The lower ends of the two driving arms 46 are connected with a fixed support rod 48 connected with the frame 1, and the lower section of the fixed support rod 48 is provided with a plurality of screw mounting holes 49 for adjusting the supporting height. The first backward conveying chain 11, the second backward conveying chain 12, the front side upward lifting chain 13, the rear side upward lifting chain 14, the forward conveying chain 15, and the loading conveying chain 16 all employ chain-rod conveying belts. The first stripping roller 18, the second stripping roller 19 and the third stripping roller 20 are smooth metal rollers.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; these modifications and substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solution to depart from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be covered by the claims and the specification of the present invention.