阅读说明：本技术 用于移动锁定机构的线性马达及其制造方法、用于滑动门设备的锁定装置及滑动门设备 (Linear motor for moving locking mechanism and manufacturing method thereof, locking device for sliding door apparatus and sliding door apparatus ) 是由 马丁·瓦格纳 斯文·布施 于 2020-03-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于使锁定机构(13)在释放位置和锁定位置之间移动的线性马达,所述线性马达包括壳体(11)、设置在所述壳体(11)中的定子(21)和相对于所述定子(21)可平移运动的转子(24),其中所述转子(24)借助于多个、尤其是四个设置在所述定子(21)上和/或所述壳体(11)上的滚动轴承(26)或滑动轴承可移动地支承。(The invention relates to a linear motor for moving a locking mechanism (13) between a release position and a locking position, comprising a housing (11), a stator (21) arranged in the housing (11), and a rotor (24) which is movable in translation relative to the stator (21), wherein the rotor (24) is mounted so as to be movable by means of a plurality of rolling bearings (26) or plain bearings, in particular four rolling bearings, arranged on the stator (21) and/or on the housing (11).)

1. A linear motor for moving a locking mechanism (13) between a release position and a locking position, comprising a housing (11), a stator (21) arranged in the housing (11) and a rotor (24) which is movable in translation relative to the stator (21), wherein the rotor (24) is movably supported by means of a plurality of, in particular four, rolling bearings (26) or plain bearings arranged on the stator (21) and/or on the housing (11).

2. Linear motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the rolling bearing (26) or the plain bearing each has a bearing ring (26.1) against which the running surface (24.1) of the rotor (24) rests.

3. Linear motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two of the rolling bearings (26) or plain bearings each are fastened on a common fastening element (27), in particular a shaft, which is arranged in a stator recess (21.1) in the stator (21) and/or in a housing recess (11.6) in the housing (11).

4. Linear motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator (21) has a stator core (22) with three, preferably exactly three, stator teeth (22.2) which are spaced apart from one another in the direction of movement (B) of the rotor (24), wherein a first stator tooth (22.1) of the stator teeth (22.1, 22.2) is arranged between two second stator teeth (22.2) of the stator teeth (22.1, 22.2), wherein the two second stator teeth (22.2) each comprise a stator recess (21.1) in which a fastening element (27), in particular a shaft, is arranged, on which fastening element two of the rolling bearings (26) or sliding bearings are fastened.

5. Linear motor according to claim 4, characterized in that a first stator tooth (22.1) of the stator teeth (22.1, 22.2) arranged between two second stator teeth (22.2) of the stator teeth (22.1, 22.2) has a first tooth width (Z1) which is larger than a second tooth width (Z2) of the second stator teeth (22.2).

6. Linear motor according to claim 5, characterized in that the rotor (24) has two, preferably exactly two permanent magnets (28) with opposite magnetization directions, wherein the permanent magnets (28) have the same permanent magnet width (PM), wherein the ratio of the permanent magnet width to the first tooth width (Z1) is larger than 1, preferably larger than 1.1, particularly preferably larger than 1.2, for example 1.4.

7. Linear motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator core (22) is constructed as a lamination stack.

8. Linear motor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (11) has a first stop for the rotor (24) in a first final position and preferably a second stop for the rotor (24) in a second final position.

9. Linear motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor (24) has at least one attachment region (24.2, 24.3) for an operating mode spring element (43, 44) via which the rotor (24) can be pretensioned into a final position.

10. A locking device (10) for a sliding door apparatus (1), comprising a linear motor (20) according to any one of the preceding claims and a locking mechanism (13) which is movable back and forth between a release position and a locking position.

11. Locking device according to claim 10, characterized in that the linear motor (20) has a run mode spring element (43, 44),

-pretensioning the rotor (24) into a de-energized, open-door end position via the operating-mode spring element, wherein the rotor (24) is coupled with the locking mechanism (13) in such a way that the locking mechanism (13) is arranged in a release position in the de-energized, open-door end position of the rotor (24);

or

-pretensioning the rotor (24) into a fail-safe final position via the operating mode spring element, wherein the rotor (24) is coupled with the locking mechanism (13) in such a way that the locking mechanism (13) is arranged in a locked position in the fail-safe final position of the rotor (24).

12. A sliding door apparatus, comprising: a door drive (9) having a traction mechanism (3), in particular a belt, rope or chain; a sliding door travel mechanism having a movable carriage (5) for a sliding door element (6), which is coupled to the traction mechanism (3) and is displaceable from a closed position into at least one predetermined open position over a distance; and a locking device (10) according to claim 10 or 11 for locking the door drive (9).

13. A method for producing a linear motor for moving a locking mechanism (13) between a release position and a locking position, wherein a housing (11) is provided, and wherein a stator (21) and a rotor (24) which is movable in translation relative to the stator are provided in the housing (11), wherein the rotor (24) is mounted movably by means of a plurality, in particular four, rolling bearings (26) or plain bearings which are provided on the stator (21) and/or on the housing (11).

14. Method for manufacturing a linear motor according to claim 13, characterized in that a plurality of single laminations are inserted onto at least one common fastening element (27) in order to form the stator core (22) of the stator (21).

15. Method for manufacturing a linear motor according to claim 14, characterized in that the rolling bearing (26) is applied onto the free end of at least one fastening element (27).

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a linear motor for moving a locking mechanism between a release position and a locking position. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a linear motor. Further subject matter of the invention is a locking device for a sliding door apparatus and a sliding door apparatus.

Background

The present invention can be applied to a lock device having a lock mechanism that is movable between a release position and a lock position. Such locking devices are used, for example, in sliding door apparatuses for locking sliding door elements.

In a linear motor, a relatively large attraction force generally acts between a stator and a rotor of the linear motor. The attractive force generally acts transversely to the direction of movement of the rotor and must be supported by suitable measures. The rotor is therefore usually held in the guide via a sliding or rolling bearing which is arranged at a distance from the stator of the linear motor, in particular from the stator core and the coils of the stator. A relatively large construction of the linear motor results, so that the locking device with the linear motor installed requires a relatively large construction space.

Disclosure of Invention

Against this background, the following objective is proposed: a lock actuator for moving a lock mechanism is provided which is as compact as possible.

In order to achieve this object, a linear motor for moving a locking mechanism between a release position and a locking position is proposed, which comprises a housing, a stator arranged in the housing, and a rotor which is movable in translation relative to the stator, wherein the rotor is mounted movably by means of a plurality of, in particular four, rolling or sliding bearings arranged on the stator and/or on the housing.

The linear motor according to the invention forms a compact lock drive for moving the lock mechanism. Since the rolling bearing or the sliding bearing is provided on the stator and/or the housing of the linear motor, the distance between the rotor and the stator can be reduced. A small air gap can thus be obtained between the stator and the rotor, thereby yielding additional advantages: the entire linear motor is less sensitive to tolerances and improves the force that can be generated by the linear motor.

A linear motor is understood to be an electric linear motor in the sense of the present invention. Preferably, the linear motor comprises a translatory, in particular linearly displaceable, rotor. Advantageously, the rotor is arranged to be movably supported relative to the stator of the linear motor such that the air gap between the stator and the rotor is constant. Preferably, the magnetic field lines in the air gap run perpendicular to the direction of movement of the rotor and/or perpendicular to the direction of force, in which the force action can be generated by the linear motor.

According to one advantageous embodiment, the rolling bearing or the plain bearing each has a, in particular, outer bearing ring, against which the rolling surface of the rotor rests. The mounting of the rotor on the housing and/or the stator during the manufacture of the linear motor can thus be simplified. Preferably, the inner bearing ring of the rolling bearing or the plain bearing is fastened to a fastening element, which is provided on the stator and/or the housing.

Preferably, two of the rolling bearings or sliding bearings are fastened to a common fastening element, in particular a shaft, which is arranged in a stator recess in the stator and/or a housing recess in the housing. During the production of the linear motor, it is therefore possible to first fasten the rolling bearing or the plain bearing to the fastening element and then to insert the fastening element together with the rolling bearing or the plain bearing into the stator recess and/or the housing recess.

According to one advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the stator has a stator core with three, preferably exactly three, stator teeth which are spaced apart from one another in the direction of movement of the rotor, wherein a first stator tooth of the stator teeth is arranged between two second stator teeth of the stator teeth, wherein the two second stator teeth each comprise a stator recess in which a fastening element, in particular two of a shaft, a rolling bearing or a plain bearing, is arranged to be fastened to the fastening element. In such a linear motor, the rotor can be switched between two final positions to move the locking mechanism between a locking position and a releasing position. The rotor can be latched into the two end positions and is also held in this locked position against a defined external force until the rotor is switched by energizing the stator coils and is changed into the other end position. In this regard, such a linear motor has a bistable operation, wherein the final position of the rotor corresponds to the locking position and the release position of the locking mechanism.

In this case, it is preferred that a first stator tooth of the stator teeth, which is arranged between two second stator teeth of the stator teeth, has a first tooth width which is greater than a second tooth width of the second stator teeth. The tooth width is understood to be the extension of the stator teeth in the direction of movement of the rotor. The second stator teeth preferably have the same second tooth width.

According to one advantageous embodiment, the rotor has two, preferably exactly two, permanent magnets with opposite magnetization directions.

It is particularly preferred that the permanent magnets have the same permanent magnet width, wherein the ratio of the permanent magnet width to the first tooth width is greater than 1, preferably greater than 1.1, particularly preferably greater than 1.2, for example 1.4. The permanent magnet width is understood to be the extension of the permanent magnet in the direction of movement of the rotor.

Advantageously, the stator core is formed as a lamination stack. The lamination stack can have a plurality of individual laminations arranged in layers to form the lamination stack. The individual laminations are preferably not insulated from each other. Preferably, the single laminations each comprise through holes which form one or more stator recesses in a layered arrangement. Alternatively, it can be provided that the stator core is designed as a milling or casting part. Alternatively, it can be provided that the stator core is not formed as a separate component, but as a housing lower part.

According to one advantageous embodiment, the housing of the linear motor has a first stop for the rotor in the first end position and a second stop for the rotor in the second end position.

A preferred embodiment provides that the rotor has at least one attachment region for an operating-mode spring element, via which the rotor can be pretensioned into the end position. Via such an operating mode spring element, the rotor can, alternatively to a bistable operation, realize that the linear motor is operated in a preferred direction. It is particularly advantageous if the rotor comprises two attachment areas, for example on opposite sides of the rotor, so that the operating mode spring element can be arranged optionally on a first side of the rotor or on an opposite second side of the rotor.

Another subject of the invention is a locking device for a sliding door apparatus, comprising the above-mentioned linear motor and a locking mechanism which is movable back and forth between a release position and a locking position.

The same advantages as already described in connection with the linear motor can be achieved in the locking device.

According to one advantageous embodiment of the locking device, it is provided that the linear motor has a operating-mode spring element,

-pretensioning the rotor into a fail open door (Failsafe) final position via the operating mode spring element, wherein the rotor is coupled with the locking mechanism such that the locking mechanism is arranged in a release position in the fail open door final position of the rotor; or

-pretensioning the rotor into a fail-safe (failsafe) end position via the operating mode spring element, wherein the rotor is coupled with a locking mechanism such that the locking mechanism is set in a locked position in the fail-safe end position of the rotor.

This alternative embodiment of the locking device makes it possible in each case to realize an operation in which the rotor of the linear motor is brought into a defined end position in the unpowered state, so that the locking mechanism is in its release position or in its locking position.

The invention also relates to a sliding door arrangement comprising: a door drive having a traction mechanism, in particular a belt, rope or chain; a sliding door travel mechanism having a movable carriage for a sliding door element, which carriage is coupled with a traction mechanism and is displaceable from a closed position into at least one predetermined open position over a distance; and a locking device as described above for locking the door drive.

The same advantages as already described in connection with the linear motor can be achieved in the sliding door apparatus.

According to one advantageous embodiment of the sliding door system, it is provided that the locking section of the locking mechanism interacts with the pulling mechanism in a non-positive and/or positive manner in the locking position in such a way that a carriage coupled to the pulling mechanism is locked. In such a sliding door apparatus, the door actuator can be locked by a direct co-action of the locking mechanism, in particular the locking section of the locking mechanism, and the pulling mechanism.

In the release position, the locking mechanism preferably releases the traction mechanism such that the traction mechanism is movable. In this connection, in the release position, there is preferably no force fit and/or form fit between the locking mechanism and the pulling mechanism. The traction mechanism is preferably a continuous traction mechanism. The traction mechanism can be a belt, such as a flat belt, a toothed belt, or a wedge belt. Alternatively, the traction means can be designed as a chain or a rope.

The locking device can be arranged, for example, in the region of a pulling means drive of the door drive for driving the pulling means. Preferably, the control device of the door drive is also arranged in the region of the traction mechanism drive, so that short wiring between the control device and the locking device or the traction mechanism drive is possible.

A further subject matter of the invention is a method for producing a linear motor for moving a locking mechanism between a release position and a locking position, wherein a housing is provided, and wherein a stator and a rotor which is movable in translation relative to the stator are arranged in the housing, wherein the rotor is mounted movably by means of a plurality, in particular four, rolling or sliding bearings arranged on the stator and/or the housing.

The same advantages as already described in connection with the linear motor can be achieved in the method.

One advantageous embodiment of the method provides that a plurality of individual laminations are inserted onto at least one common fastening element in order to form a stator core of the stator. The fastening element can be designed, for example, as a shaft. Preferably, a single lamination is inserted onto a plurality, in particular exactly two, fastening elements. The single lamination can form a stator core in the form of a lamination pack, which provides a fastening region for a rolling bearing or a plain bearing.

Preferably, a rolling bearing or a plain bearing is applied to the free end of the at least one fastening element or the fastening elements. On the one hand, the rolling bearing or plain bearing can therefore be connected to the stator, in particular to the stator core. Furthermore, it is also possible to fix the single lamination in its position along the fastening element by means of a roller bearing or a plain bearing provided on the free end.

Preferably, the stator is inserted together with the fastening element and the roller bearing or plain bearing arranged on the fastening element into one or more housing recesses in the housing, in particular in the first housing part. The housing is then preferably closed, for example by fastening the second housing part to the first housing part, wherein the fastening element is fixed, for example clamped, between the two housing parts. Tool-free mounting of the stator in the housing is thus possible.

Drawings

Further advantages and details of the invention are explained below on the basis of the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures. Shown here are:

fig. 1 shows a sliding door arrangement in a schematic view;

fig. 2a shows the locking device in a perspective view;

fig. 2b shows the locking device according to fig. 2a in a perspective sectional view;

fig. 2c shows the locking device according to fig. 2a in a sectional view;

fig. 3a shows a locking drive of the locking device according to fig. 2a in a perspective view;

fig. 3b shows the locking drive according to fig. 3a without the housing in a perspective view;

fig. 3c shows the locking drive according to fig. 3a in a perspective sectional view;

FIG. 3d shows the lock actuator according to FIG. 3a in a sectional view;

fig. 3e shows the lock drive according to fig. 3a in a side view;

fig. 4a shows the stator of the locking drive according to fig. 3a in a perspective view;

fig. 4b shows the stator according to fig. 4a in a perspective sectional view;

fig. 4c shows the stator according to fig. 4a in a first side view;

fig. 4d shows the stator according to fig. 4a in a second side view;

fig. 5a shows a rotor of the lock drive according to fig. 3a in a perspective view;

fig. 5b shows the rotor according to fig. 5a in a perspective sectional view;

fig. 5c shows the rotor according to fig. 5a in a rotated perspective view relative to fig. 5 a;

fig. 6a shows the lock drive according to fig. 3a in a sectional view, wherein a first operating mode spring is used;

fig. 6b shows the lock drive according to fig. 3a in a sectional view, wherein a second operating mode spring is used;

fig. 7a shows the locking device according to fig. 2a in a perspective view with the locking mechanism removed;

fig. 7b shows the locking device according to fig. 7a in a perspective sectional view;

fig. 8a shows the locking device according to fig. 2a with the upper housing part removed in a top view, with the locking mechanism in the release position;

fig. 8b shows the locking device according to fig. 8a, with the locking mechanism in the locked position;

fig. 9a shows the locking device according to fig. 8b in a partial sectional view;

fig. 9b shows the locking device according to fig. 9a in a partial sectional view, wherein the position of the locking segment is changed relative to the illustration in fig. 9 a;

10 a-10 f show different views of a locking device according to an alternative embodiment;

11 a-11 c show different views of a locking device according to another alternative embodiment;

FIG. 12a shows a schematic view of the pulling mechanism and the locking mechanism in a released position;

fig. 12b shows a schematic view of the pulling mechanism and the locking mechanism in an intermediate position between the release position and the locking position, in which a form fit is not possible;

FIG. 12c shows a schematic view of the traction mechanism and the locking mechanism in the locked position;

FIG. 13 illustrates the position sensor in a perspective view;

FIG. 14 shows a flow chart of a first embodiment of a method for operating a shutdown device;

FIG. 15 shows a flow chart of a second embodiment of a method for operating a shutdown device;

FIG. 16 shows a flow chart of a third embodiment of a method for operating a shutdown device; and

fig. 17 shows another embodiment of the guide link of the link mechanism.

Detailed Description

In fig. 1, a sliding door apparatus 1 is shown in a schematic view. The sliding door apparatus 1 comprises a sliding door element 6 and a door drive 9, via which the sliding door element 6 can be moved electrically, for example between a closed position shown in fig. 1, in which the sliding door element 6 is arranged in a door opening, and an open position, in which the sliding door element 6 is arranged at least partially behind the wall element 7 and releases the door opening there. According to the described embodiment, the door drive 9 is arranged above the sliding door element 6 of the sliding door apparatus 1. However, it is also conceivable for the door drive 9 to be arranged alternatively below the sliding door element 6, for example between the sliding door element 6 and the floor surface 8 or within the floor surface 8 below the sliding door element 6.

The door drive 9 of the sliding door apparatus 1 comprises an electric motor 2 and a traction mechanism 3. The traction means 3 is coupled to the electric motor 2, in particular to a machine shaft or to a pinion of the electric motor 2, so that the traction means 3 can be driven by the electric motor 2. The traction means 3 is designed as a continuous traction means 3. According to the described embodiment, the traction means 3 relates to a drive belt configured as a toothed belt. Alternatively, the traction means 3 can be configured as a rope or as a chain or as a flat belt or as a wedge belt. The pulling means 3 is guided around a deflection element 4, for example a guide roller, a guide wheel or a guide pinion. The deflecting element 4 is arranged on the side of the door drive 9 opposite the electric motor 2.

Another element of the sliding door device is a sliding door travel mechanism with a movable carriage 5 for a sliding door element 6. The movable carriage 5 is coupled to the traction mechanism 3 of the door drive 9 in such a way that the carriage 5 together with the sliding door element 6 is movable from the closed position shown in fig. 1 via a distance into at least one predetermined open position.

In the sliding door apparatus according to fig. 1, a locking device 10 for locking the door drive 9 is also provided. The locking device 10 has a locking mechanism that is movable back and forth between a release position and a locking position. In the release position, the traction mechanism 3 is released and can be driven by the electric motor 2. In the locked position, the locking section of the locking mechanism interacts with the traction mechanism 3 in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner, so that the carriage 5 coupled to the traction mechanism 3 and thus also the sliding door element 6 are locked. The locking device 10 need not be arranged in the region of the electric motor 2 or in the region of the deflection element 4, so that it can be arranged at a freely selectable point along the traction means 3, for example beside the electric motor 2, as shown in fig. 1.

The diagrams in fig. 2a, 2b and 2c show a locking device 10 which can be used in the sliding door apparatus according to fig. 1. The locking device 10 comprises a housing 11 having two traction means recesses 12.1, 12.2, in which the traction means 3 in the form of a toothed belt can be arranged. At the inner contour of the first traction means recess 12.1, a locking section 14 of a movable locking means 13 protrudes from the housing 10. In the locking position shown in fig. 2a, the locking section 14 interacts with the traction means 3 in a force-fitting and form-fitting manner. The inner contour of the first traction means recess 12.1 opposite the locking section 14 forms a stop 16 for the traction means 3. In the locked position of the locking mechanism 13, the locking mechanism presses the pulling mechanism 3 against the stop 16, so that the pulling mechanism 3 comes into contact with the stop 16.

The locking section 14 has a plurality of teeth, the outer contour of which matches the outer contour of the teeth of the toothed belt. In the locking position, said teeth of the locking segments 14 are in engagement with the teeth of the traction mechanism 3.

As is also evident from the illustrations in fig. 2a to 2c, the housing 11 has a multi-part construction. The multi-part housing 11 comprises a first housing part 11.1, which forms a first housing interior 11.4, in which a locking drive 20 is arranged. The second housing part 11.2 has a housing wall 17 which separates the first housing interior 11.4 from the second housing interior 11.5. In the second housing interior 11.5, which is enclosed by the second housing part 11.2 and the third housing part 11.3, a locking mechanism 30 is provided, which also comprises a locking mechanism 13.

The diagrams in fig. 3a to 3e show details of the lock drive of the locking device 10. The locking drive is designed as a linear motor 20. The housing 11, in particular the first and second housing parts 11.1, 11.2 of the locking device 10, forms a housing for the linear motor 20. The linear motor 20 also has a stator 21 arranged in the housing 11 and a rotor 24 which is movable in translation relative to the stator 21, the stator and the rotor being explained below with reference to the diagrams in fig. 4 and 5.

As can be gathered from the illustrations in fig. 3a to 3e, the rotor 24 is mounted movably by means of a plurality, in this case exactly four, of rolling bearings 26 which are arranged on the stator 21 and/or on the housing 11. Via the rolling bearing 26, the rotor 24 is movable in a direction parallel to the direction of movement B of the traction mechanism 3, see fig. 2 a. The roller bearings 26 each have an inner bearing ring 26.1 and an outer bearing ring 26.2 which is rotatable relative to the inner bearing ring 26.1 and which bears against the running surface 24.1 of the rotor 24. The inner bearing ring 26.1 of the rolling bearing 26 is always fastened to a fastening element 27, which is designed as a shaft. In this connection, the two rolling bearings 26 are each fastened to a common fastening element 27. The fastening elements 27 are arranged in a stator recess 21.1 in the stator 21 and in a housing recess 11.6 in the housing 11.

The details of the stator 21 of the linear motor 20 are explained below with reference to the illustrations in fig. 4a to 4 d. The stator 21 comprises a stator core 22 constructed as a lamination stack. The lamination stack is formed by a plurality of individual laminations which have the same cross section, here an E-shaped cross section. The single laminations are preferably constructed of a soft magnetic material, such as iron or steel. Preferably, the single laminations are not insulated with respect to each other. The stator core 22 overall forms exactly three stator teeth 22.1, 22.2 which are arranged at a distance from one another in the displacement direction B of the rotor 24, i.e. also in the displacement direction B of the traction means 3. The first stator tooth 22.1 is arranged between two second stator teeth 22.2. Between the first stator tooth 22.1 and the two second stator teeth 22.2, a coil receptacle is formed in each case, in which a coil 22 of the stator 21 is received. The first stator tooth 22.1 has a first tooth width Z1 which is greater than a second tooth width Z2 of the second stator tooth 22.2. The two second stator teeth 22.2 each comprise a stator recess 21.2 in which one of the fastening elements 27, which are designed as shafts, is arranged in each case. The recesses 21.1 are each designed as a circular recess in the lamination stack of the stator core 22 or in the individual laminations of the stator core 22. Furthermore, a chamfer is provided at each free end of the second stator tooth 22.2, which chamfer is provided at the edge of the respective second stator tooth 22.2 facing the first stator tooth 22.1.

To manufacture the stator, the single lamination of the stator core 22 may be plugged onto the fastening elements 27. In a further step of the production method, a rolling bearing 26 can be applied to the free end of the fastening element 17. The assembly of stator core 22, fastening element 27 and rolling bearing 26 can be inserted into housing 11, in particular into a stator receptacle of housing 11. Preferably, the coils 23 are connected to the stator core 22 before being placed in the housing. Alternatively, the coil 23 may be connected with the stator core 22 after the stator core 22 is put into the housing 11.

In fig. 5a to 5c, the rotor 24 of the linear motor 20 is shown. The rotor 24 is formed in the form of a plate and has a lower side which, in the assembled state of the linear motor 20, faces the stator 22. The rotor 24 is preferably constructed of a soft magnetic material, such as iron or steel.

At the underside, one or more rolling surfaces 24.1 for a rolling bearing 26 are provided, see fig. 5 c. At the lower side of the rotor there is also provided a plurality, here precisely two permanent magnets 28. The permanent magnets 28 are arranged spaced apart from one another in the direction of movement B of the rotor 24 or of the traction means 3 and have opposite magnetization directions. The magnetization directions of the two permanent magnets 28 are oriented perpendicular to the surface of the underside, i.e. perpendicular to the rolling surface 24.1. The two permanent magnets 28 have the same permanent magnet width PM. The permanent magnet width PM is selected such that the ratio of the permanent magnet width PM to the first tooth width Z1 is greater than 1, preferably greater than 1.1, particularly preferably greater than 1.2, for example 1.4. By supporting the rotor 24 by means of the rolling bearing 26, it can be ensured that the permanent magnets 28 of the rotor 24 are separated from the stator core 22 by an air gap, see for example fig. 3 d.

At the upper side of the rotor 24, opposite the lower side, two control elements 25 are provided, which are configured as shafts projecting perpendicularly from the rotor 24, see fig. 5a and 5 b. Via said control element 25, the locking mechanism 30 of the locking device 10 is controlled. On the control element 25, a first guide rolling bearing 41 and a second guide rolling bearing 42 disposed above the first guide rolling bearing are respectively fastened. In the case of the linear motor 20, the first guide roller bearing 41 is accommodated in a guide opening 18 of the housing wall 17, which is designed as an elongated hole. The first guide rolling bearing 41, in particular the bearing ring of the first guide rolling bearing 41 which is rotatable relative to the control element 25, can roll on the inner contour of the guide opening 18, see for example fig. 2b, 2 c. In the assembled state of the locking device 10, the second guide roller bearing 42 of the control element interacts with the locking mechanism 13. For this purpose, the second guide roller bearing 42 is accommodated in the guide runner 19 of the locking mechanism 13. In this case, a bearing ring of the second guide roller bearing 42, which is rotatable relative to the control element 25, can roll on the inner contour of the guide gate 19, see for example fig. 2b, 2 c.

The diagrams in fig. 6a and 6b each show a plan view of the linear motor 20 of the locking device 10, in particular of the upper side of the rotor 24 of the linear motor 20. The two views show the two end positions of the rotor 24, which correspond to the release position and the locking position of the locking mechanism 13. If the rotor 24 takes up the first position shown in fig. 6a, the locking mechanism 13 coupled with the rotor 24 is in its locked position. If the rotor 24 is in the second position shown in fig. 6b, the locking mechanism 13 is arranged in its release position. The linear motor 20 can be latched stably in the illustrated final position without a spring force in order to switch the locking mechanism 13 between the release position and the locking position and also hold the final position against a defined external force effect. By energizing the coil, it is possible to switch between the two final positions. In this regard, the linear motor 20 is capable of achieving bi-stable operation.

The linear motor 20 enables a larger stroke range of the rotor 24 with simultaneously large forces over the stroke range compared to the lifting magnets or the holding magnets. In this respect, linear motors can perform significantly higher mechanical work with the same construction volume than lifting magnets or holding magnets. Furthermore, the linear motor 20 has a lower energy requirement, since the coil 23 of the linear motor 20 only has to be energized when switching between the two end positions of the rotor 24.

In order to be able to alternatively realize the operation of the linear motor 20 in a preferred direction with respect to bistable operation, the rotor 24 has at least one attachment region 24.2, 24.3 for an operating mode spring element 43, 44, via which the rotor 24 can be pretensioned into a final position. In the embodiment shown, two attachment regions 24.2, 24.3 for such an operating mode spring element 43, 44 are provided at the rotor.

At the first attachment region 24.2, as shown in fig. 6a, a first operating mode spring element 43 can be attached in order to enable a fail-safe (Failsecure) operation. The first operating mode spring element 43 pretensions the rotor 24 into the fail-safe end position, wherein the rotor 24 is coupled to the locking mechanism 13, so that in the fail-safe end position of the rotor 24 the locking mechanism 13 is arranged in its locking position. To alternatively enable the power-off door open (Failsafe) operation, a second operating mode spring element 44 is attached to the second attachment region 24.3. The second operating mode spring element 44 pretensions the rotor 24 into the power-off door-open end position. The rotor 24 is coupled to the locking mechanism 13 such that in the electrically de-energized door-opening end position of the rotor 24 the locking mechanism 13 is arranged in its release position.

The illustration in fig. 7a and 7b shows the locking device 10, wherein the locking mechanism 30, in particular the locking mechanism 13, the third housing part 11.3 and the pulling mechanism 13, are not shown for better visibility of the linear motor 20. It can be seen that two control elements 25 of the rotor 24 are provided extending through two separate guide openings 18 in the housing wall 17. The respective first guide roller bearing 41 provided at the control element 25 can roll on the inner contour of the respective guide opening 18. The guide opening 18 can absorb the force of the control element 25 and introduce said force into the housing 11, in particular the second housing part 11.2, in the event of a failure, that is to say when a force is exerted on the locking mechanism 13 via the sliding door element 6. As a result, the linear motor 20, in particular the rotor 24 of the linear motor 20, which is connected to the control element 25, can be protected from damage.

The first housing part 11.1 forming the first housing interior 11.4 has wall sections which form a first stop for the rotor 24 of the linear motor 20 in the first final position and a second stop for the rotor 24 in the second final position.

The locking mechanism 30 of the locking device 10 shown in fig. 2 to 7 is described in detail below with reference to fig. 8a and 8 b. The locking mechanism 30 comprises a locking mechanism 13 which is movable back and forth between a release position shown in fig. 8a and a locking position shown in fig. 8 b. The locking mechanism has a locking segment 13 and a carrier element 15 carrying the locking segment 14. In the locked position, the locking section 14 of the locking mechanism 13 interacts with the pulling mechanism 3 in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner, and thereby locks both the pulling mechanism 3 and the carriage 5 of the sliding door device 1 coupled to the pulling mechanism 3. In contrast, in the release position, the locking section 14 is arranged at a distance from the pulling means 3, so that the pulling means and thus also the carriage 5 are released and can be moved in the direction of movement B. Thus, in the release position, there is no form fit and/or force fit between the locking means 13 or the locking segments 14 and the pulling means 13.

In the embodiment described, the locking mechanism 13 is linearly movable between a locking position and a releasing position. For this purpose, the locking mechanism 13 is mounted linearly displaceably in the second housing interior 11.5. Here, the linear movement of the locking mechanism 13 is effected in a locking direction V which is arranged perpendicularly to the direction of movement B of the traction mechanism 3. Furthermore, the locking mechanism 13, in particular the carrier element 15, has two guide runners 19 which, together with the control element 25 of the rotor 24, form a runner mechanism via which the locking mechanism 13 is put into movement in the locking direction V as a result of the movement of the rotor 24 parallel to the direction of movement B of the traction mechanism 3. The two guide runners 19 are of identical design, so that an undesired tipping of the locking element 13 can be prevented.

The guide link 19 has a non-linear extension such that a movement of the rotor 24 parallel to the direction of movement B of the traction means 3 by a preset distance is not converted into a movement of the locking means 13 perpendicular to the direction of movement B by said distance in all regions between the final positions of the rotor 24. More precisely, the non-linear extent of the guide link is selected such that, starting from the release position of the locking mechanism 13, a relatively small movement of the rotor 24 is first converted into a relatively large movement of the locking mechanism 13. In this connection, a steep extension of the guide runner 19 is selected. This enables the lock mechanism 13 to smoothly approach the traction mechanism 3 during locking. This results in a large lift transmission ratio and a small force transmission ratio in the region close to the release position. This relatively steep extension of the guide runner transitions into a gentle extension towards the locking position, so that a movement of the rotor 24 causes a smaller movement of the locking mechanism 13. In the region of the locking position, a large force transmission ratio and a small stroke transmission ratio are thereby produced, so that the locking section 14 of the locking mechanism 13 engages with great force into the traction means 3 and can lock the traction means. Alternatively, the guide link can have an extent in the region of the locking position which is oriented parallel to the direction of movement of the traction means 3, so that an increased bracing effect against forces acting from the outside on the traction means 3 or the locking means 13 is provided.

As can be seen in fig. 9a and 9b, the locking section 14 of the locking mechanism 13 is movably supported relative to the carrier element 15. The locking portion 14 is mounted on a support element 15, preferably on the support element 15 in a guided manner, so as to be movable parallel to the direction of movement B of the pulling means 3. Furthermore, a spring element 31 is provided which applies a restoring force to the locking section 14. According to the exemplary embodiment, the spring element 31 loads the locking section 14 with a restoring force in a direction away from the closed position of the sliding door apparatus 1. If the locking means 13 is moved toward its locking position and the teeth of the locking section 14 are completely in engagement with the recesses between the teeth of the corresponding traction means 3, the locking section 14 can be moved together with the traction means 3 against the bias of the spring element 31 relative to the carrier element 15. Thus, the locking mechanism 3 can be advanced into its locking position when the carriage 5 of the sliding door apparatus 1 is in a pre-closed position which has not yet fully reached the closed position, in particular wherein the sliding door apparatus leaves a certain gap. From the pre-closing position, the pulling mechanism 3 can be moved so that the carriage 5 of the sliding door device 1 is moved towards the closing position, that is to say so as to completely close the sliding door device. In this case, the locking segment 14 is displaced against the restoring force of the spring element 31. Preferably, the spring element 31 or the locking segment 14 and/or the carrier element 15 are dimensioned such that the locking segment is movable at least relative to the carrier element 15 by a displacement distance corresponding to the spacing (pitch) of two adjacent teeth of the traction means 3. When the locking mechanism 13 is moved from the locking position toward the release position, the locking section 14 can be moved again into its initial position by the spring element 31.

The diagrams in fig. 10a to 10f show a locking device 10 according to an alternative embodiment, which is likewise suitable for use in the sliding door apparatus 1 according to fig. 1. The locking device 10 according to the alternative embodiment substantially corresponds to the locking device according to the first embodiment, and therefore reference is made to the previous description of the first embodiment. In contrast to the first embodiment, in the locking device 10 according to the alternative embodiment, the locking mechanism 13 is pivotably supported about the pivot axis S for movement between the release position and the locking position. Fig. 10c and 10d show the locking device 10 with the locking mechanism 13 in the release position. In the illustrations according to fig. 10e and 10f, the locking mechanism 13 is in the locked position. Furthermore, the locking mechanism 13 or the carrier element 15 of the locking mechanism 13 has only exactly one guide slot 19. Correspondingly, only one control element 25 is provided at the rotor 24 of the linear motor 20 according to the alternative embodiment, which control element engages with the guide runner 19 in order to pivot the locking mechanism 13.

The locking mechanism 13 is dimensioned and arranged according to the alternative embodiment such that the ratio of the spacing D1 between the locking segment 14 and the pivot axis S to the spacing D2 between the traction mechanism 3 and the pivot axis S is at least 3:1, particularly preferably at least 4: 1.

Another alternative embodiment of the locking device 10 is shown in fig. 11a to 11 c. The locking device 10 according to the exemplary embodiment corresponds essentially to the locking device according to fig. 10, wherein, in contrast to the locking device according to fig. 10, two guide runners 19 and two control elements 25 are provided.

The operational details of the aforementioned sliding door device 1, which has a door drive 9 with a pulling mechanism 3 in the form of a toothed belt and which interacts with the pulling mechanism 3 in a positive-locking position, are to be discussed below with reference to the illustrations in fig. 12 to 17. In the sliding door device 1, form-fitting elements of the locking mechanism 13 and of the pulling mechanism 3, in this case teeth, are required, which are oriented toward one another in order to achieve a form fit between the locking mechanism 13 and the pulling mechanism.

According to the illustration in fig. 12a, the locking mechanism 13 is shown in a release position, in which the locking mechanism 13 is arranged at a distance from the pulling mechanism 3. The locking mechanism 13 according to the exemplary embodiment has a locking section 14 which is formed in one piece with a carrier element 15. The spacing of adjacent teeth of the traction mechanism 3 is described below as the pitch T.

The diagram in fig. 12b shows the following: the locking mechanism 13 is moved from the release position shown in fig. 12a in the locking direction V and the pulling mechanism 3 is in the position according to fig. 12a such that the locking segments 14, in particular the teeth of the locking segments 14, cannot engage into the recesses between the teeth of the pulling mechanism 3. In this position of the pulling means 3, a form fit between the locking means 13 and the pulling means 3 cannot be achieved.

In the illustration in fig. 12c, the locking position of the traction mechanism 3 is shown, in which the teeth of the traction mechanism 3 are oriented towards the teeth of the locking mechanism 13, so that the teeth of the locking mechanism can be moved in the locking direction V into the recesses between the teeth of the traction mechanism 3. In this case, a positive fit between the locking mechanism 13 and the pulling mechanism 3 is achieved.

The illustration in fig. 13 shows an exemplary embodiment of a locking device 10 with a position sensor 50 for detecting the position of the locking mechanism 13. To detect the position of the lock mechanism 13, the position sensor 50 detects the position of the rotor 24 of the linear motor 20. In this regard, the position of the locking mechanism 13 is indirectly detected. A first detection range 53 of the position sensor 50 is provided in fixed connection with the rotor 24, which first detection range is moved together with the movement of the rotor 24 in a direction parallel to the direction of movement of the traction mechanism 3. The position sensor 50 further comprises a first detector 51 for detecting the rotor 24 in a first position or a first final position and a second detector 52 for detecting the rotor 24 in a second position or a second final position. The first position of the rotor 24 corresponds to the locked position of the locking mechanism 13 and the second position of the rotor 24 corresponds to the released position of the locking mechanism 13. The detectors 51, 52 are arranged at a distance from one another and are fixedly connected to the housing 11 of the locking device 10, so that the first detection range 53 is moved between the two detectors 51, 52 when the rotor 24 is moved between its final positions.

The first and second detectors 51, 52 are preferably designed as detection contacts. Alternatively, it can be provided that the detectors 51, 52 are designed as gratings.

According to the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 13, the position sensor 50 has a second detection range 54, which is fixedly connected to the rotor 24. The second detection range 54 is arranged at the rotor 24 such that, in a first position of the rotor 24 corresponding to the locking position of the locking mechanism 13, it interacts with a switch, in particular a microswitch, which is not shown in the figures. The switch is preferably a switch which does not require a supply of current to operate, so that the locking position of the locking mechanism 13 can be detected even in the event of a current interruption by means of the second detection range 54 and the switch.

In fig. 14, a flow chart of a method for operating the sliding door apparatus 1 is shown, in which method a locking reference position of the pulling mechanism 3 is determined and stored. In an initial step 101, the sliding door element 6 is in its closed position. In a pushing step 102, the sliding door element 6 is pushed towards its closed position, in particular with a predetermined pressure. Then, in a subsequent triggering step 103, a locking instruction for moving the locking mechanism 13 into the locking position is transmitted to the locking device 10. Next, the linear motor 20 is operated such that the rotor 24 of the linear motor 20 is moved from its one final position into its other final position and, here, the locking mechanism 13 travels from the release position towards its locking position.

In a detection step 104 following the triggering step 103, the position of the locking mechanism 13 is detected by means of a position sensor of the locking device 10. If it is determined that the locking mechanism is not in its locking position shown in fig. 12c, the traction mechanism 3 is moved relative to the locking mechanism 13 by a preset stroke length in a movement step 110 after the detection step 104. In a first sub-step 107 of the moving step 110, a desired position of the pulling means 13 is set, which is offset from the current actual position of the pulling means 3 by a preset stroke length. In this case, the predetermined stroke length is selected to be smaller than the pitch T. In a second substep 108, the traction mechanism 3 is moved into the desired position. In a third substep 109, it is checked by means of a travel sensor of the electric motor 2 of the door drive 9 whether the desired position has been reached. If the desired position is not reached, the traction means 3 is moved all the way towards the desired position until the desired position is reached.

After the moving step 110, the triggering step 103 and the detecting step 104 are repeated until the locking mechanism 13 is detected in the locking position in the detecting step 104. Then, in a storing step 105, the position of the traction mechanism 3 is stored as the lock reference position. The locking reference position can subsequently be taken into account for calculating further locking positions of the traction means 3. In the final state 106, the door drive 9 of the closing device 1 is locked.

The illustration in fig. 15 shows a flowchart of a method for operating the sliding door system 1, in which method the door drive 9 is locked in a further locking position of the pulling mechanism 3. The further locking position is different from the locking reference position of the traction means 3. In an initial step 201, the door drive receives a movement command for moving the sliding door element 6 or the pulling means 3 into a predetermined target position. In a calculation step 202, a further locking position is calculated from the stored locking reference positions as close as possible to the preset target position. Then, in a further movement step 203, the traction mechanism 3 is moved towards the further locking position. In a first substep 204, the traction means 3 is moved towards the locking position. In a second substep 205, it is checked by means of a travel sensor of the electric motor 2 whether a preset interval with respect to the locking position is exceeded. If the preset interval relative to the locking position is not exceeded, the traction means 3 is moved towards the locking position until the preset interval relative to the locking position is exceeded.

After the moving step 203, in a triggering step 206, a locking command for moving the locking mechanism 13 into the locking position is transmitted to the locking device 10 while the traction mechanism 3 is in movement. In a detection step 207 following the triggering step 206, the position of the locking mechanism 13 is detected by means of the position sensor 50 of the locking device 10. If it is determined that the locking mechanism is not in its locking position shown in fig. 12c, the traction mechanism 3 is moved relative to the locking mechanism 13 by a preset stroke length in a movement step 213 after the detection step 207. In a first sub-step 209 of the moving step 213, a desired position of the pulling mechanism 13 is set, which is offset from the current actual position of the pulling mechanism 3 by a preset stroke length. In this case, the predetermined stroke length is selected to be smaller than the pitch T. In a second substep 210, the traction mechanism 3 is moved into the desired position. In a third substep 211, it is checked by means of a travel sensor of the electric motor 2 of the door drive 9 whether the desired position has been reached. If the desired position is not reached, the traction means 3 is moved all the way towards the desired position until the desired position is reached.

After the moving step 213, the triggering step 206 and the detecting step 207 are repeated until the locking mechanism 13 is detected in the detecting step 207 in the locked position (final state 208).

The illustration in fig. 16 shows a flowchart of an alternative method for operating the sliding door system 1, in which method the door drive 9 is locked in a further locked position of the pulling mechanism 3. In an initial step 301, the door drive receives a movement command for moving the sliding door element 6 or the pulling means 3 into a predetermined target position. Then, in a calculation step 302, another locking position as close as possible to the preset target position is calculated from the stored locking reference position. Then, in a further movement step 303, the traction mechanism 3 is moved towards the further locking position. In this case, in a first substep 304, the pulling means 3 is moved towards the locking position. In a second substep 305, it is checked by means of a travel sensor of the electric motor 2 whether the locking position is reached. If the locking position is not reached, the traction means 3 is moved all the way towards the locking position until the locking position is reached.

After the moving step 303, in a triggering step 306, a lock instruction for moving the lock mechanism 13 into the lock position is transmitted to the lock device 10. In a detection step 207 following the triggering step 306, the position of the locking mechanism 13 is detected by means of the position sensor 50 of the locking device 10. If it is determined that the locking mechanism is not in its locking position shown in fig. 12c, the traction mechanism 3 is moved relative to the locking mechanism 13 by a preset stroke length in a movement step 313 after the detection step 307. In a first substep 309 of the moving step 313, a desired position of the pulling means 13 is set, which is offset from the current actual position of the pulling means 3 by a preset stroke length. In this case, the predetermined stroke length is selected to be smaller than the pitch T. In a second sub-step 310, the traction mechanism 3 is moved into the desired position. In a third substep 311, it is checked by means of a travel sensor of the electric motor 2 of the door drive 9 whether the desired position has been reached. If the desired position is not reached, the traction means 3 is moved all the way towards the desired position until the desired position is reached.

After the moving step 313, the triggering step 306 and the detecting step 307 are repeated until the locking mechanism 13 is detected in the detecting step 307 to be in the locking position (final state 308).

In fig. 17, a further embodiment of a guide runner 19 of a runner mechanism is shown, which can be used in the present invention. A guide runner 19 may be provided in the locking mechanism 13. The guide link 19 is formed as a long hole extending in a curved manner. The radius of the extended curve is depicted with reference F. The diagram in fig. 17 shows the control element 25' on the left in the following positions: when the locking mechanism 13 is in its release position, the control element is in that position. Furthermore, the control element 25 ″ is shown on the right in the following positions: when the locking mechanism 13 is in its locking position, the control element is in said position. The lifting distance is described with reference E and the displacement distance parallel to the direction of movement B of the traction means 3 is described with reference G. D is the lift angle. In order to make it difficult for the locking mechanism 13 to slip out of its locking position undesirably when there is a force, for example due to a break, the guide runner 19 has an angle C, in particular in its region facing the locking section 14. By the angle C, a surface is formed which is inclined with respect to the direction of movement B of the traction means 3 and inclined with respect to the locking direction V, said surface cooperating with the control element 25 "in the locking position. It is seen in fig. 17 that due to the angle C a force action occurs in a direction H forming an acute angle with the locking direction V. This makes it difficult to push out the lock mechanism 13 from the locked position.

List of reference numerals

1 sliding door apparatus

2 electric motor

3 traction mechanism

4 deflection element

5 sliding rack

6 sliding door element

7-wall element

8 ground

9 door driver

10 locking device

11 casing

11.1 housing part

11.2 housing part

11.3 housing part

11.4 case inner Chamber

11.5 case inner Chamber

11.6 housing recess

12.1 traction mechanism recess

12.2 traction mechanism recess

13 locking mechanism

14 locking segment

15 load bearing element

16 stop

17 casing wall

18 guide opening

19 guide chute

20 locking driver, linear motor

21 stator

21.1 stator recess

22 stator core

22.1 stator teeth

22.2 stator teeth

23 coil

24 rotor

24.1 running surface

24.2 attachment region

24.3 attachment region

25 control element

25' control element

25' control element

26 rolling bearing

26.1 bearing ring

26.2 bearing Ring

27 fastening element

28 permanent magnet

30 locking mechanism

31 spring element

41-way rolling bearing

42-way rolling bearing

43 operating mode spring element

44 operating mode spring element

50 position sensor

51 Detector

52 Detector

53 detection range

54 detection range

101 initial step

102 pushing step

103 triggering step

104 detection step

105 storage step

106 final state

107 substep

108 substep

109 substep

110 moving step

201 initial step

202 calculation step

203 moving step

204 substep

205 sub-step

206 triggering step

207 detection step

208 final state

209 substep

210 substep

211 substep

213 moving step

301 initial step

302 calculation step

303 moving step

304 substep

305 substep

306 triggering step

307 detection step

308 final state

309 substep

310 substep

311 substep

313 moving step

Direction of movement of B

Angle C

D lifting angle

Interval D1

Interval D2

E lifting distance

Radius F

G shift distance

H force

Width of PM permanent magnet

T pitch

Z1 tooth width

Z2 tooth width

V lock direction