阅读说明：本技术 一种挤压设备 (Extrusion equipment ) 是由 闾宏 范文海 杜兴 于 2020-06-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于属于食品、宠物、饲料机械技术领域。一种挤压设备,挤压设备的挤压腔出口顺序连接文丘里效应器、压力调节装置,文丘里效应器中部为缩颈结构；压力调节装置包括相配合的活塞和活塞套,活塞同轴安装于活塞套进料端,活塞、活塞套、文丘里效应器、挤压设备挤压腔同轴设置,活塞朝向文丘里效应器,活塞与文丘里效应器的缩颈结构组成挤压通道,在活塞驱动装置的作用下,活塞相对于活塞套进行远离或靠近文丘里效应器缩颈结构的轴向运动,改变挤压通道的大小；活塞套上设置清料密封件,用于清理活塞的滑动面上的物料,并阻止物料进入活塞套内部。本发明解决了现有技术挤压力无法连续调节的技术问题。(The invention belongs to the technical field of food, pet and feed machinery. An extrusion device, wherein an outlet of an extrusion cavity of the extrusion device is sequentially connected with a Venturi effect device and a pressure regulating device, and the middle part of the Venturi effect device is of a necking structure; the pressure adjusting device comprises a piston and a piston sleeve which are matched with each other, the piston is coaxially arranged at the feeding end of the piston sleeve, the piston sleeve, the Venturi effect device and an extrusion cavity of the extrusion equipment are coaxially arranged, the piston faces towards the Venturi effect device, the piston and a necking structure of the Venturi effect device form an extrusion channel, and under the action of the piston driving device, the piston moves axially relative to the piston sleeve away from or close to the necking structure of the Venturi effect device to change the size of the extrusion channel; the piston sleeve is provided with a material cleaning sealing piece which is used for cleaning materials on the sliding surface of the piston and preventing the materials from entering the interior of the piston sleeve. The invention solves the technical problem that the extrusion force in the prior art can not be continuously adjusted.)

1. An extrusion device is characterized in that an outlet of an extrusion cavity of the extrusion device is sequentially connected with a Venturi effect device and a pressure adjusting device, and the middle part of the Venturi effect device is of a necking structure;

the pressure adjusting device comprises a piston and a piston sleeve which are matched with each other, the piston is coaxially arranged at the feeding end of the piston sleeve, the piston sleeve, the Venturi effect device and an extrusion cavity of the extrusion equipment are coaxially arranged, the piston faces towards the Venturi effect device, the piston and a necking structure of the Venturi effect device form an extrusion channel, and under the action of the piston driving device, the piston moves axially relative to the piston sleeve away from or close to the necking structure of the Venturi effect device to change the size of the extrusion channel;

the piston sleeve is provided with a material cleaning sealing piece which is used for cleaning materials on the sliding surface of the piston and preventing the materials from entering the interior of the piston sleeve.

2. An extrusion apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said scavenging seal comprises an annular disc and a lip formed by a flange at an inner edge of the annular disc, the lip facing the extrusion passage, the lip being in interference fit with the sliding surface of the piston.

3. An extrusion apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said piston sleeve is provided with a resilient sealing means comprising an inner sealing means and an outer resilient means, the sealing means being an interference fit with the piston.

4. An extrusion apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein said discharge side of said scavenging seal is provided with a resilient seal assembly comprising an inner seal member and an outer resilient member, the inner wall of the seal member being in interference fit with the sliding surface of the piston, the end face of the feed end of the seal member being in contact with the corresponding end face of the annular disc of the scavenging seal.

5. The extrusion apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said piston driving means comprises a lead screw, a lead screw driving means drivingly connected to the lead screw, the lead screw being disposed coaxially with the piston; the head of the adjusting screw rod is matched with the internal thread on the piston to form a thread pair; the tail of the adjusting screw rod is matched with a pair of bearings arranged on the piston sleeve base.

6. An extrusion apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein said lead screw drive means comprises a driving gear and a driven gear in mesh with each other, the lead screw being fixedly connected to the driven gear, the lead screw being coaxially disposed with the driven gear.

7. The extrusion apparatus of claim 6 wherein said lead screw drive further comprises a drive gear drive, said drive gear drive being of a manual, electric, hydraulic or pneumatic configuration.

8. An extrusion apparatus as set forth in claim 5 wherein said drive gear has an angle sensor disposed thereon, the angle sensor being disposed coaxially with the central axis of the drive gear.

9. An extrusion apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein the drive gear drive means is located outside the extrusion chamber of the extrusion apparatus or the drive gear drive means is sealingly disposed within the extrusion chamber of the extrusion apparatus.

10. An extrusion apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein said piston is tapered at the feed end thereof, and wherein said piston is provided with a guide key, said guide key being fitted with a slot in said piston sleeve, said slot being adapted to engage said guide key.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of food, pet and feed machinery, and particularly relates to extrusion puffing equipment with extrusion force capable of being continuously adjusted on line.

Background

In fields such as food, fodder, extrusion equipment such as bulking machine need set up corresponding extrusion force to different technological demands to obtain the popped effect that needs. The existing puffing equipment adopts a method of changing the aperture of an extrusion channel on a Venturi effect device at a discharge end to obtain different puffing effects; the method needs to be stopped to replace Venturi effect devices of different models or increase bushings of different diameters, the process is complicated and affects production, the pressure is constant after replacement, real-time accurate adjustment cannot be realized, and full-automatic production of equipment is difficult to realize.

The Chinese utility model patent specifications of No. CN2894298 and No. 05, 02, 2007 and 2007 disclose a pressure distribution adjusting mechanism for a discharge port of a bulking machine, wherein a pressure distribution device is fixedly connected between the outlet end face of a machine chamber at the discharge section of the bulking machine and a die orifice plate of the bulking machine; the pressure distribution device structure is composed of a pressure transition ring, a pressure distribution ring and a conical pin; two side surfaces of the pressure transition ring are inward concave conical surfaces, and the center of the pressure transition ring is provided with a central hole; the outer side surface of the pressure distribution ring is concave, and the pressure distribution ring is provided with a circular through hole and a central hole; the central holes of the pressure transition ring and the pressure distribution ring are the same axis; the tapered pin is movably connected with the pressure distribution ring, and one end of the tapered pin is a tapered surface and can be connected with the pressure transition ring. The movable connecting structure of the conical pin and the pressure distribution ring is that a central hole of the pressure distribution ring is a threaded hole, and the conical pin is in threaded connection with the pressure distribution ring. By adopting the threaded connection structure of the conical pin and the pressure distribution ring, in the long-term use process, the outer threaded hole of the conical pin and the inner threaded hole of the pressure distribution ring can accumulate materials, so that the conical pin is clamped and blocked, the conical pin cannot be rotated to be conical, the extrusion force cannot be continuously adjusted, and the conical pin needs to be replaced regularly.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide extrusion equipment to solve the technical problem that the extrusion force cannot be continuously adjusted in the prior art.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides extrusion equipment which is characterized in that an outlet of an extrusion cavity of the extrusion equipment is sequentially connected with a Venturi effect device and a pressure regulating device, and the middle part of the Venturi effect device is of a necking structure;

the pressure adjusting device comprises a piston and a piston sleeve which are matched with each other, the piston is coaxially arranged at the feeding end of the piston sleeve, the piston sleeve, the Venturi effect device and an extrusion cavity of the extrusion equipment are coaxially arranged, the piston faces towards the Venturi effect device, the piston and a necking structure of the Venturi effect device form an extrusion channel, and under the action of the piston driving device, the piston moves axially relative to the piston sleeve away from or close to the necking structure of the Venturi effect device to change the size of the extrusion channel;

the piston sleeve is provided with a material cleaning sealing piece which is used for cleaning materials on the sliding surface of the piston and preventing the materials from entering the interior of the piston sleeve.

The beneficial effect of above-mentioned scheme: firstly, the relative position of the piston and the extrusion channel is adjusted, and the area of the material channel is changed, so that the required extrusion force is established, and the effective adjustment of the puffing effect is finally realized; and effectively clear away the material on the piston and prevent the material to get into in the piston cover, pressure adjusting device operates steadily continuously, can not take place the piston jamming phenomenon. Secondly, the piston type pressure adjusting structure is adopted, so that the extrusion force can be accurately adjusted, and the continuous adjustment of the material puffing effect is realized; thirdly, because the adjustment can be carried out without stopping the machine, the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the labor intensity and the maintenance cost are reduced.

The invention further improves the technical problem that materials are accumulated on the sliding surface of the cleaning piston and enter the piston sleeve. The lip has strong scraping effect and can remove firm attachments on the sliding surface of the piston.

In order to solve the technical problem that materials enter the piston sleeve, the invention is further improved, and the piston sleeve is provided with an elastic sealing element which comprises an inner sealing element and an outer elastic element, wherein the sealing element is in interference fit with the piston. When the lip of the material cleaning sealing element is worn, the elastic sealing element can provide elastic compensation, so that the service life and the sealing reliability are effectively improved; the elastic sealing element can further seal the sliding surface of the piston to prevent micro particles and water vapor from entering the piston seat.

The invention further improves the technical problem of the installation space of the cleaning sealing element and the elastic sealing element, the elastic sealing element is arranged on the discharge side of the cleaning sealing element and comprises an inner sealing element and an outer elastic element, the inner wall of the sealing element is in interference fit with the sliding surface of a piston, and the end surface of the feed end of the sealing element is in contact with the corresponding end surface of the annular disc of the cleaning sealing element.

In order to solve the technical problem of the rotary power of the adjusting screw rod, the invention is further improved, the piston driving device comprises the adjusting screw rod and an adjusting screw rod driving device, the adjusting screw rod driving device is in driving connection with the adjusting screw rod, and the adjusting screw rod and the piston are coaxially arranged; the head of the adjusting screw rod is matched with the internal thread on the piston to form a thread pair; the tail of the adjusting screw rod is matched with a pair of bearings arranged on the piston sleeve base. The pure mechanical transmission mode of the thread pair can realize accurate positioning and reliable self-locking, and has simple structure and high efficiency.

The invention further improves the power adjusting device for the adjusting screw rod driving device to solve the technical problem of power of the adjusting screw rod driving device, wherein the adjusting screw rod driving device comprises a driving gear and a driven gear which are meshed with each other, the adjusting screw rod is fixedly connected with the driven gear, and the adjusting screw rod and the driven gear are coaxially arranged. The gear pair and screw rod pair has a pure mechanical transmission mode, can realize accurate positioning and reliable self-locking, and has simple structure and high efficiency.

In order to solve the technical problem of the driving gear rotation power, the adjusting screw rod driving device is further improved, and the adjusting screw rod driving device further comprises a driving gear driving device, wherein the driving gear driving device is of a manual structure, an electric motor structure, a hydraulic structure or a pneumatic motor structure. The driving mode of the pneumatic motor can meet the explosion-proof requirement.

In order to solve the technical problem that the position of the adjusting piston cannot be detected in real time, the invention is further improved, wherein an angle sensor is arranged on the driving gear, and the angle sensor and the central shaft of the driving gear are coaxially arranged. The angle sensor is used for detecting the position of the adjusting piston in real time.

The invention is further improved, and the driving gear driving device is positioned outside the extrusion cavity of the extrusion equipment, or the driving gear driving device is hermetically arranged inside the extrusion cavity of the extrusion equipment.

In order to solve the technical problem that the piston rotates in the circumferential direction due to axial movement, the invention is further improved, and the feed end of the piston is of a conical structure and plays a role in shunting materials; the piston is provided with a guide key, the guide key and the piston sleeve are provided with a sliding groove, and the sliding groove is matched with the guide key to prevent the axial movement of the piston from generating circumferential rotation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an extrusion apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the pressure regulating device of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the pressure regulating device of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of I in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of II of FIG. 2;

fig. 6 is an enlarged view of iii in fig. 4.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1-6, the extrusion equipment of the invention comprises a bulking machine body 1 and an extrusion adjusting mechanism, wherein the extrusion adjusting mechanism comprises a venturi effect device 3, a pressure adjusting device 4, a discharging template 5 and other components.

The Venturi effect device 3 is connected with the outlet of the extrusion cavity through a bolt, the pressure adjusting device 4 is connected with the Venturi effect device 3 through an adjusting system mounting seat 4-1 and is fastened by the bolt, and the discharging template 5 is positioned at the tail end of the material flow and is connected with the adjusting system mounting seat 4-1.

The material arrives venturi effect ware 3 through the screw extrusion propulsive effect of popped body 1, gets into terminal expanding cavity through the extrusion passageway, reachs discharge die board 5 behind pressure regulating device 4, discharges after the nib design on discharge die board 5.

The pressure adjusting device 4 comprises an adjusting system mounting seat 4-1, a piston sleeve 4-2, a piston 4-3, an adjusting screw rod 4-4, a driven gear 4-5, a driving gear 4-6, an angle sensor 4-7, a pneumatic motor 4-8, a material cleaning sealing element 4-9, a guide key 4-10, a bearing 4-11, a bearing sleeve 4-12, a rotary seal 4-13 and the like.

The piston sleeve 4-2 is the working base of two mounting sub-assemblies, plays a role in supporting, positioning and sealing, and is connected with the Venturi effect device 3 through a regulating system mounting seat 4-1.

The piston 4-3 is coaxially arranged at the front end of the piston sleeve 4-2 and can axially extend and retract. The matching surface between the piston sleeve 4-2 and the piston 4-3 is a reliable sliding support. The head of the adjusting screw rod 4-4 is matched with the internal thread on the piston 4-3 to form a thread pair, a driven gear 4-5 is arranged on the thread pair, and the tail of the head of the adjusting screw rod 4-4 is matched with a pair of bearings 4-10 arranged on the base of the piston sleeve 4-2.

The piston 4-3 arranged at the front end of the pressure adjusting device 4 and the contraction round hole arranged at the center of the Venturi effect device 3 form an annular extrusion channel, and the size of the extrusion channel can be continuously changed through the change of the axial position of the piston 4-3, so that the change of the material pressure is realized.

The driving gear 4-6 is arranged on the inner side surface of the piston sleeve 4-2 and is supported by the bearing sleeve 4-12, and the driving gear 4-6 and the driven gear 4-5 form a gear pair.

The two kinematic pairs act together to drive the piston 4-3 to move axially, and the gear pair consisting of the driven gear 4-5 and the driving gear 4-6, and the thread pair consisting of the adjusting screw rod 4-4 and the piston 4-3. The piston 4-3 can change the area of the extrusion channel by moving back and forth, thereby changing the material passing resistance, achieving the purpose of establishing different extrusion forces and finally realizing the accurate adjustment of the puffing effect.

A rotary seal 4-13 is arranged between the driving gear 4-6 and the bearing sleeve 4-12 to prevent materials from entering the box body from the rotary matching position; the drive gear 4-6 is driven by a pneumatic motor 4-8. The pneumatic motor is a driving element for realizing the adjusting movement, and the pneumatic motor is driven by compressed gas to meet the explosion-proof requirement of a special workplace.

The pneumatic motors 4-8 can be positioned outside the cavity of the venturi effect device 3 and can also be arranged in the cavity of the pressure regulating device in a sealing way.

The pneumatic motors 4-8 may also be replaced by manual, electric, hydraulic, etc.

The angle sensor 4-7 and the pneumatic motor 4-8 are coaxially arranged and used for detecting the working stroke and recording the total stroke angle. The angle sensor 4-7 can realize the automatic operation of the operation and the adjustment of the equipment by detecting the rotating direction and the angle of the driving gear 4-6 and then calculating the position of the piston 4-3 and the area of a channel by combining an automatic control system.

The piston 4-3 is provided with a guide key 4-10, and the guide key 4-10 is matched with a sliding groove on the piston sleeve 4-2, so that the piston 4-3 cannot rotate circumferentially when moving axially.

In order to ensure the reliable operation of the adjusting mechanism and prevent the piston 4-3 from being blocked, a material cleaning sealing piece 4-9 is arranged at the front end of the matching surface of the piston 4-3 and the piston sleeve 4-2 and is used for cleaning the sliding surface of the piston 4-3 and preventing materials from entering the box body. The cleaning sealing element comprises two parts, namely a cleaning element 4-9-1 and an elastic sealing element, wherein the cleaning element 4-9-1 is made of elastic metal and is tightly attached to the cylindrical surface of a piston 4-3, so that the cleaning sealing element has a strong scraping effect and can remove firm attachments on the surface of the piston; the elastic sealing element comprises a wear-resistant sealing element 4-9-2 and an elastic element 4-9-3 arranged on the outer side of the wear-resistant sealing element 4-9-1, wherein the wear-resistant sealing element 4-9-2 is in interference fit with a sliding surface of the piston 4-3. The elastic sealing element has two functions: firstly, when the lip of the material cleaning sealing element is worn, the elastic sealing element can provide elastic compensation, so that the service life and the sealing reliability are effectively improved; secondly, the sliding surface of the piston is further sealed, so that tiny particles and water vapor are prevented from entering the piston sleeve 4-2.

The device is commissioned before running, the piston is respectively extended and retracted to the extreme positions, the two positions recorded by the angle sensor are respectively marked as 0% and 100% (and the opening of the channel), and the whole stroke is divided into the required minimum equal parts (the more the division is, the higher the precision is). During adjustment, the opening percentage is input, the pneumatic motor driving mechanism operates, the angle sensor records and feeds back the position, and when the set value is reached, the air source of the pneumatic motor is cut off, and the adjustment is completed.

In the operation process of the equipment, according to the rotation direction and the rotation angle data fed back by the angle sensor 4-7, the pneumatic motor 4-8 is controlled to operate to drive the driving gear 4-6 to rotate, so that the driven gear 4-5 is driven to rotate, the adjusting screw rod 4-4 rigidly connected with the driven gear 4-5 simultaneously rotates, and as the axial direction of the adjusting screw rod 4-4 is limited by the pair of bearings 4-10, the piston 4-3 in spiral fit with the adjusting screw rod is driven to axially move, so that the pressure adjusting function is completed.