阅读说明：本技术 一种鲸颅骨及其软组织的标本制作方法及装置 (Whale skull and soft tissue specimen preparation method and device ) 是由 隋鸿锦 马学伟 韩建 刘虎 朱航宇 于 2020-08-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及标本制作技术领域,具体涉及一种同时保存鲸颅骨及软组织标本制作方法及装置。上述鲸颅骨及软组织标本制作方法包括：去除并保存鲸头部的软组织；解剖鲸颅骨,获取鲸颅骨的特征参数；根据特征参数,沿着鲸颅骨各组成部分之间的骨缝分离鲸颅骨,得到鲸颅骨的分离骨块；计算鲸颅骨的支撑材料的结构参数,绘制适用于每一块分离颅骨的个性化的支撑结构图；分别对骨块填充支撑材料并拼接填充后的颅骨,形成骨块支撑架；固化骨块支撑架,得到鲸颅骨标本,并复原软组织。本申请所提供的一种鲸颅骨标本制作方法及装置克服了现有标本制作方法难以应用于鲸等头部巨大的哺乳动物的不足,提出了一种有效的鲸颅骨制作方法及装置。(The invention relates to the technical field of specimen preparation, in particular to a preparation method and a device for simultaneously preserving whale skull and soft tissue specimens. The preparation method of the whale skull and soft tissue specimen comprises the following steps: removing and preserving soft tissue of whale head; dissecting the whale skull, and obtaining characteristic parameters of the whale skull; separating the whale skull along the bone seams among all the components of the whale skull according to the characteristic parameters to obtain separated bone blocks of the whale skull; calculating the structural parameters of the support material of the whale skull, and drawing an individualized support structure chart suitable for each separated skull; filling support materials into the bone blocks respectively and splicing the filled skull to form a bone block support frame; and (5) solidifying the bone block support frame to obtain a whale skull specimen, and restoring soft tissues. The whale skull specimen manufacturing method and device provided by the application overcome the defect that the existing specimen manufacturing method is difficult to apply to mammals with huge heads such as whales and the like, and an effective whale skull manufacturing method and device are provided.)

1. A preparation method of whale skull and soft tissue thereof is characterized by comprising the following steps:

removing and preserving soft tissue of whale head;

dissecting a whale skull, and acquiring characteristic parameters of the whale skull;

separating the whale skull along the bone seams among all the components of the skull according to the characteristic parameters to obtain bone blocks of the whale skull;

calculating the structural parameters of the support material of the whale skull according to the characteristic parameters, and drawing an individualized support structure chart suitable for each separated skull;

respectively filling the supporting materials into the bone blocks according to the supporting structure diagram and splicing the filled bone blocks to form a bone block supporting frame;

and solidifying the bone block support frame to obtain the whale skull specimen.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the step of dissecting the whale skull to obtain characteristic parameters of the whale skull specifically comprises the steps of:

removing the structural tissues of the whale skull to obtain bony marks of the whale skull and connecting ligaments between the skull;

and measuring characteristic parameters of the whale skull according to the bony marks and the connective ligaments.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the characteristic parameters comprise skull length of the whale skull, jaw length, circumference of the whale skull in front of 1/3, in 1/3, behind 1/3.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the segmenting the whale skull according to the characteristic parameters to obtain bone blocks of the whale skull comprises:

separating the whale skull into a left skull and a right skull along a median sagittal line of the whale skull;

and respectively cutting the left skull and the right skull according to the circumferences of the front 1/3, the middle 1/3 and the rear 1/3 of the whale skull to obtain bone blocks of the whale skull.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the calculating of the structural parameters of the whale skull support material according to the characteristic parameters and the drawing of the individualized support structure diagram suitable for each separated skull specifically comprise:

determining the type, model and quantity of the supporting materials according to the characteristic parameters;

calculating the mass of the supporting material according to the type, the model and the quantity of the supporting material;

and drawing an individualized supporting structure chart suitable for each separated skull according to the type, model, quantity and quality of the supporting materials.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the step of filling the bone blocks with the supporting material and splicing the filled bone blocks according to the supporting structure diagram to form a bone block supporting frame specifically comprises:

splicing the bone blocks by using a first supporting material according to the supporting structure diagram to form a spliced left skull/right skull;

a second supporting material is embedded between the median sagittal line of the whale skull and the spliced left skull/right skull;

connecting the second support material with a third support located at the midsagittal line of the whale skull.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the forming of the left/right skull after the splicing by the first support material of the bone pieces comprises:

punching holes on the connecting surface of the bone blocks;

and embedding/twisting the first support material at the punched position to form the spliced left skull/right skull.

8. The method of preparing a specimen of claim 6, wherein prior to embedding a second support material between the central sagittal line of the whale skull and the spliced left/right skull, further comprising:

welding the second support material into a triangular structure;

and punching holes on the inner sides of the spliced left skull/right skull, and welding the triangular structures to the punched holes.

9. A whale skull and soft tissue sample preparation device, which is applied to the whale skull and soft tissue sample preparation method of any one of claims 1-8, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the soft tissue removal module is used for removing and storing the soft tissue of the whale head;

the characteristic parameter acquisition module is used for dissecting whale skull and acquiring characteristic parameters of the whale skull;

the skull segmentation module is used for separating the whale skull along the bone seams among all components of the skull according to the characteristic parameters to obtain bone blocks of the whale skull;

the structure drawing module is used for calculating the structural parameters of the support materials of the whale skull according to the characteristic parameters and drawing an individualized support structure drawing suitable for each separated skull;

the support frame splicing module is used for respectively filling the support materials into the bone blocks according to the support structure diagram and splicing the filled bone blocks to form a bone block support frame;

and the curing module is used for curing the bone block support frame to obtain the whale skull specimen.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of specimen preparation, in particular to a method and a device for preparing a specimen of a whale skull and soft tissues thereof.

Background

In order to meet various requirements of scientific research, exhibition and the like, animal and plant remains are generally required to be prepared into specimens for storage. Wherein, the preparation process of the specimen of the animal, especially the mammal, generally needs the steps of erosion, degreasing, bleaching, pile frame shaping and the like. In the process of manufacturing the specimen skeleton, a manufacturing form of wrapping animal fur with a prosthesis skeleton is generally adopted. However, the above-mentioned manufacturing method cannot be applied to marine vertebrates, especially large mammals such as whales.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provides a whale skull specimen manufacturing method and device.

The invention is realized by the following technical method:

a whale skull specimen manufacturing method comprises the following steps:

removing and preserving soft tissue of whale head;

dissecting a whale skull, and acquiring characteristic parameters of the whale skull;

separating the whale skull along the bone seams among all the components of the skull according to the characteristic parameters to obtain bone blocks of the whale skull;

calculating the structural parameters of the support material of the whale skull according to the characteristic parameters, and drawing an individualized support structure chart suitable for each separated skull;

respectively filling the supporting materials into the bone blocks according to the supporting structure diagram and splicing the filled bone blocks to form a bone block supporting frame;

and solidifying the bone block support frame to obtain the whale skull specimen.

According to the technical scheme, preferably, the dissection of the whale skull and the acquisition of the characteristic parameters of the whale skull specifically include:

removing the structural tissues of the whale skull to obtain bony marks of the whale skull and connecting ligaments between the skull;

and measuring characteristic parameters of the whale skull according to the bony marks and the connective ligaments.

According to the technical scheme, preferably, the characteristic parameters comprise the skull length of the whale skull, the jaw bone length, the circumference of the whale skull front 1/3, the middle 1/3 and the rear 1/3.

According to the above technical solution, preferably, the segmenting the whale skull according to the characteristic parameters to obtain bone blocks of the whale skull specifically includes:

separating the whale skull into a left skull and a right skull along a median sagittal line of the whale skull;

and respectively cutting the left skull and the right skull according to the circumferences of the front 1/3, the middle 1/3 and the rear 1/3 of the whale skull to obtain bone blocks of the whale skull.

According to the above technical solution, preferably, the calculating structural parameters of the support material of the whale skull according to the characteristic parameters, and drawing a personalized support structure diagram suitable for each separated skull specifically includes:

determining the type, model and quantity of the supporting materials according to the characteristic parameters;

calculating the mass of the supporting material according to the type, the model and the quantity of the supporting material;

and drawing an individualized supporting structure chart suitable for each separated skull according to the type, model, quantity and quality of the supporting materials.

According to the above technical solution, preferably, the step of filling the supporting material into the bone blocks and splicing the filled bone blocks according to the supporting structure diagram to form a bone block supporting frame specifically includes:

splicing the bone blocks by using a first supporting material according to the supporting structure diagram to form a spliced left skull/right skull;

a second supporting material is embedded between the median sagittal line of the whale skull and the spliced left skull/right skull;

connecting the second support material with a third support located at the midsagittal line of the whale skull.

According to the above technical solution, preferably, the splicing of the bone blocks by using the first support material to form the spliced left/right skull specifically includes:

punching holes on the connecting surface of the bone blocks;

and embedding/twisting the first support material at the punched position to form the spliced left skull/right skull.

According to the above technical solution, preferably, before embedding the second support material between the central sagittal line of the whale skull and the spliced left/right skull, the method further comprises:

welding the second support material into a triangular structure;

and punching holes on the inner sides of the spliced left skull/right skull, and welding the triangular structures to the punched holes.

On the other hand, the invention also provides a whale skull specimen preparation device, and the preparation method of the whale skull specimen is applied, and comprises the following steps:

the characteristic parameter acquisition module is used for dissecting whale skull and acquiring characteristic parameters of the whale skull;

the skull segmentation module is used for segmenting the whale skull according to the characteristic parameters to obtain bone blocks of the whale skull;

the structure drawing module is used for calculating the structural parameters of the support material of the whale skull according to the characteristic parameters and drawing a support structure drawing;

the support frame splicing module is used for respectively filling the supporting materials into the bone blocks according to the supporting structure diagram and splicing the filled bone blocks to form a bone block support frame;

and the curing module is used for curing the bone block support frame to obtain the whale skull specimen.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a whale skull specimen manufacturing method and a device, wherein the method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining whale skull parameters, further partitioning according to the skull, filling the partitions with supporting materials, splicing the blocky skull after filling, and solidifying the bone block support frames obtained by splicing, so that the whale skull specimen is successfully manufactured, and the defect that the existing specimen manufacturing method is difficult to apply to large mammals such as whales and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method for preparing a whale skull and its soft tissue sample according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic flow chart for making a supporting structure chart in the method for making the whale skull and the soft tissue thereof according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic flow chart of the bone block support frame manufacturing in the whale skull and soft tissue preparation method according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a whale skull and its soft tissue preparation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a method for preparing a whale skull specimen, comprising:

s01: the soft tissue of the whale head is removed and preserved. The soft tissues are removed and then are stored through dehydration, degreasing and polymer infiltration, and the soft tissues can be independently set as independent specimens or combined specimens established with the whale skull in the later period.

S02: and (5) dissecting the whale skull, and obtaining characteristic parameters of the whale skull. Here, step S02 specifically includes: removing the structural tissues of whale calvaria to obtain bony marks of the whale calvaria and connecting ligaments between the calvaria; measuring the characteristic parameters of the whale skull according to the bony markers and the connective ligaments. The bone of the skull cannot be destroyed during the process of removing the structural tissue of whales (such as sperm whales), while the intact skull and connective ligaments are preserved to reveal bony landmarks and connective ligaments on the skull. The bony landmarks and connective ligaments described above will facilitate the positioning of the whale skull.

It should be noted here that the above characteristic parameters include skull length of whale skull, jaw length, skull anterior 1/3, central 1/3, and posterior 1/3 perimeter. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: skull length; maxillary length; mandible length; the widest part of the whole skull; the circumference of the anterior 1/3, medial 1/3, posterior 1/3 of the overall cranium; etc.; the key parts are as follows: nasal bone length; the length of the osculum to the front end of the orbit; height of upper and lower jaws when closed. During the dissection, the reconstruction of the whale skull by the bone block support frame is facilitated by the shooting process and recording the parameters.

S03: and separating the whale skull along the bone seams among the components of the skull according to the characteristic parameters to obtain bone blocks of the whale skull. Wherein the whale skull sutures include, but are not limited to, the area of the central sagittal line of the whale skull. During the dissection of the whale skull: firstly, along the median sagittal line of the whale skull, the whale skull is separated into a left skull and a right skull, and after the brain is taken out, the skull divided into two parts is subdivided. The re-cutting is based on the fact that the left skull and the right skull are cut according to the circumferences of the front 1/3, the middle 1/3 and the rear 1/3 of the whale skull, and bone blocks of the whale skull are obtained. Taking the left skull after being divided as an example, if the length of the whale skull is 4.5m, the front 1/3 of the whale skull is obtained by trisecting the left skull according to the distance 1.5 m from the first cutting line to the osculum and the distance 3m from the second cutting line to the osculum of the left skull, and bone blocks are obtained. It should be noted here that holes need to be made at the joint surfaces of the bone pieces for later splicing to form the bone piece cage.

In addition, the cut bone blocks and the brain need to be subjected to processes of dehydration, degreasing, polymer infiltration and the like for biological plasticizing and storing.

S04: and calculating the structural parameters of the support material of the whale skull according to the characteristic parameters, and drawing an individualized support structure chart suitable for each separated skull.

Specifically, drawing the personalized support structure diagram applicable to each separated skull according to the characteristic parameters specifically comprises:

s041: and determining the type, model and quantity of the supporting materials according to the characteristic parameters. Wherein the support material comprises a main beam, an auxiliary welded pipe and an I-beam. It is composed ofThe middle I-shaped beam is applied to the interior of the whale skull and used for stably supporting, the main beam is fixed on the I-shaped beam, the auxiliary beam is fixed on the main beam, and the auxiliary beam is fixed between the auxiliary beam and the whale skull. For example, DN150, the outer diameter of 168.3mm and the wall thickness of 4.5mm can be selected as the structural parameters of the main beam; the auxiliary beam DN50, the outer diameter is 57mm, and the wall thickness is 3.5 mm; the auxiliary welded pipe DN20 has an outer diameter of 26.75mm and a wall thickness of 2.75 mm; elastic modulus 200GP, Poisson ratio 0.25, density 7850kg/m³. Where DN is expressed as the cross-sectional diameter.

S042: and calculating the mass of the supporting material according to the type, the model and the quantity of the supporting material. It is added that the quantity of the supporting material can be calculated according to the characteristic parameters of the whale skull and the structural parameters of the supporting material, and the mass of the supporting material can be calculated according to the quantity. For example, the whale skull has a length of 4.5m and a mass of 2t, and further the main beam needs 6.5m and weighs about 118kg, the auxiliary beam needs 15m and weighs 70kg, the auxiliary welded pipe needs 30m and weighs about 33kg, the i-beam 5m and weighs about 138kg, and further the total weight of the supporting material is 358.3kg, and the total load is 1358.3 kg.

S043: drawing an individualized supporting structure chart suitable for each separated skull according to the type, model, quantity and quality of the supporting materials. And drawing to obtain a supporting structure diagram according to the quantity and the quality of the I-shaped beam, the main beam, the auxiliary beam and the auxiliary welded pipe.

S05: and respectively filling a support material into the bone blocks and splicing the filled bone blocks according to the support structure diagram to form the bone block support frame. The method specifically comprises the following steps:

s051: and splicing the bone blocks by using the first support material according to the support structure diagram to form the spliced left skull/right skull. It should be noted here that the first support material is preferably an auxiliary welded tube. And embedding/twisting the auxiliary welding pipe into the first support material according to the punching of the bone block connecting surface to form the spliced left skull/right skull.

S052: and a second supporting material is embedded between the median sagittal line of the whale skull and the spliced left skull/right skull. Specifically, welding a second support material into a triangular structure;

and punching the inner side of the spliced left skull/right skull, and welding a triangular structure to the punching position. The second support material used here is preferably an auxiliary beam. A triangular structure is formed by adopting 4-5 auxiliary beams. And welding the tip of the triangular structure at the inner side punching hole of the left skull/the right skull.

S053: connecting the second support material to a third support located at the midsagittal line of the whale skull. It should be noted that, the third supporting member is preferably a main beam, and the triangular structure is welded to the main beam. And then the main beam is fixed on the I-shaped beam by welding. The first to third supporting materials are preferably high-strength metals such as stainless steel structures, seamless steel pipes and the like. The bone block support frame is obtained through the welding.

S06: and (5) solidifying the bone block support frame to obtain a whale skull specimen. It should be noted here that, during the perforation of the whale skull and the welding of the support material, certain destructive damages are caused to the skeleton and some residues are correspondingly generated, and after the residues are removed by solidification, a whale skull specimen is obtained.

The whale skull specimen manufacturing method overcomes the defect that the traditional mammal manufacturing method cannot be applied to large mammals such as whales, and provides an effective whale skull manufacturing method.

As shown in fig. 4, the present application also proposes a whale skull and soft tissue sample preparation device, and is applied to the whale skull and soft tissue sample preparation method according to the above-mentioned technical solution. The device includes:

a soft tissue removal module 10 for removing and preserving soft tissue of the whale head;

the characteristic parameter acquisition module 20 is used for dissecting whale skull and acquiring characteristic parameters of the whale skull;

the skull segmentation module 30 is used for segmenting the whale skull according to the characteristic parameters to obtain bone blocks of the whale skull;

the structure drawing module 40 is used for calculating the structural parameters of the support material of the whale skull according to the characteristic parameters and drawing a support structure drawing;

the support frame splicing module 50 is used for respectively filling support materials into the bone blocks and splicing the filled bone blocks according to the support structure diagram to form a bone block support frame;

and the curing module 60 is used for curing the bone block support frame to obtain a whale skull specimen.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the whale skull specimen manufacturing device provided by the application adopts the same technical concept as the whale skull specimen manufacturing method, and achieves the same technical effect.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.