Radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet flow air curtain
阅读说明：本技术 一种基于射流气幕的径流涡轮转子超速控制系统 (Radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet flow air curtain ) 是由 王星 朱阳历 李文 张雪辉 陈海生 于 2020-07-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于射流气幕的涡轮转子超速控制系统,转速检测装置用于实现涡轮转速的实时测量；转速控制装置接收实时转速信号,根据信号判断是否进行转速控制,并向三通调节阀输出执行指令；三通调节阀根据执行指令调节阀位,在制动时将进口气体引向扩压室,形成控制射流气,同时涡轮流道内气量降低,减弱转子驱动力；扩压室用于提高射流进气压力,获得指定射流气参数并减少射流气波动；射流发生器产生用以阻尼的射流气。本发明可有效克服常规调节机构针对多级、大功率涡轮由容积效应导致的延迟响应缺陷,能够在不停机条件下对转速及时、有效的控制,使涡轮能够在大幅减载条件下也可以连续、安全运行,提高涡轮对各类运行工况的适应性。(The invention discloses a turbine rotor overspeed control system based on a jet flow air curtain, wherein a rotating speed detection device is used for realizing real-time measurement of the rotating speed of a turbine; the rotating speed control device receives the real-time rotating speed signal, judges whether to control the rotating speed according to the signal and outputs an execution instruction to the three-way regulating valve; the three-way regulating valve regulates the valve position according to the execution instruction, the inlet gas is guided to the pressure expansion chamber during braking to form control jet gas, and meanwhile, the gas quantity in a turbine runner is reduced, so that the driving force of a rotor is weakened; the diffusion chamber is used for improving jet flow inlet pressure, obtaining specified jet flow parameters and reducing jet flow fluctuation; the jet generator generates jet air for damping. The invention can effectively overcome the defect of delayed response caused by volume effect of a conventional adjusting mechanism aiming at a multi-stage and high-power turbine, can timely and effectively control the rotating speed under the condition of no stop, enables the turbine to continuously and safely operate under the condition of great load shedding, and improves the adaptability of the turbine to various operating conditions.)
1. A radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet flow air curtain at least comprises a rotating speed detection device, a rotating speed control device, a three-way regulating valve, a pressure expanding chamber and a jet flow generator,
the rotating speed detection device and the three-way regulating valve are in communication connection with the rotating speed control device;
the rotating speed detection device is arranged near a rotating shaft of the turbine rotor and used for measuring the rotating speed of the turbine in real time and feeding back the collected rotating speed signal of the turbine to the rotating speed control device in real time;
the gas inlet of the three-way regulating valve is communicated with a high-pressure gas source, the first gas outlet is communicated with the gas inlet end of the turbine in a manner of opening adjustment, and the second gas outlet is selectively communicated with the diffusion chamber;
the jet flow generator is used for generating a jet flow air curtain, an air inlet of the jet flow generator is communicated with the diffusion chamber, a jet flow outlet of the jet flow generator is communicated with the turbine runner, and the structure and the arrangement mode of the jet flow outlet of the jet flow generator ensure that jet flow air can damp the turbine blades;
the rotating speed control device judges whether the turbine rotor is overspeed or not according to the turbine rotating speed signal, when the turbine rotor is overspeed, the rotating speed control device outputs an execution instruction to the three-way regulating valve so as to control the valve position of the three-way regulating valve, reduce the opening degree of a first air outlet of the three-way regulating valve, reduce the air flow entering a turbine runner, communicate a second air outlet of the three-way regulating valve with the diffusion chamber, and then enable the jet flow generator to generate jet air to damp the turbine blades so as to reduce the rotating speed of the turbine.
2. A radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet air curtain as claimed in the above claim characterized in that a vane is arranged upstream of the turbine inlet end.
3. A radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet air curtain as claimed in the above claim, characterized in that the type of radial flow turbine is axial flow type, radial type, centrifugal type, diagonal type, etc., the radial flow turbine is single stage or multi-stage series structure.
4. A radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet air curtain as claimed in the above claim characterized in that said rotational speed measuring device, types include but are not limited to: photoelectric type, magnetoelectric type, hall type, etc., and the specific type is determined according to the operating condition and the site condition.
5. A radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet air curtain as claimed in the above claim, characterized in that said rotational speed control device can be either integrated with the turbine control system or independently arranged; determined from actual turbine design parameters.
6. A radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet air curtain as claimed in the above claim wherein said three way regulating valve flow characteristics include but are not limited to: quick open, square root, linear, equal percentage, etc.; the driving means include, but are not limited to: the specific structural style of the pneumatic drive, the electric drive, the hydraulic drive and the like is determined according to the adjustment requirement and the field condition.
7. A radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet air curtain as claimed in the above claim wherein said diffuser structure can be either combined with the casing of the turbine or be a stand alone vessel structure; the geometry, volume, pressure grade and other parameters of the pressure expansion chamber are determined according to the regulation requirement and the field condition.
8. A radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet air curtain as claimed in the above claim wherein said jet generator includes but is not limited to: a spray pipe type and a guide vane type are used; the jet generator structure can be arranged along the whole circumference of the casing or along a specific arc length part; the parameters of the air flow speed, angle, flow rate and the like generated by the jet generator are determined according to the adjustment requirement and the field condition.
9. A radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet gas curtain as claimed in the preceding claim, characterized in that the working medium gas source of the turbine includes atmosphere, compressed air, engine tail gas, boiler steam, gas, industrial exhaust flue gas, solar collector steam, heat accumulator steam, chemical process gas, etc., and the working medium of the turbine is compressed air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, natural gas, ammonia, freon, etc.
10. A turbine comprising a jet air curtain based radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system according to any preceding claim.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of turbines in fluid machinery, in particular to a device for controlling overspeed of a radial flow turbine rotor, and specifically relates to a radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on a jet flow air curtain.
Background
In recent years, turbines utilizing gas working medium energy are widely applied, have various structural forms, and provide electric power and power for industrial production and people's life. In order to meet the requirements of users for different loads and adapt to unsteady load fluctuation of a downstream power grid, the flexibility of turbine adjustment needs to be improved. Because the rotating speed is in a dynamic change state in the turbine adjusting process and even exceeds the designed highest rotating speed, a turbine rotor jet flow braking adjusting method is needed to effectively control the rotating speed change of the turbine in the dynamic adjusting process.
At present, the main means for controlling the turbine speed is to adopt an overspeed control system, obtain a turbine speed change signal by using a measuring instrument, amplify the signal through a conversion device, transmit the signal to a turbine inlet position adjusting device, reduce the turbine driving force by methods of cutting off an air source, reducing the fuel quantity, releasing gas in the turbine and the like, and fulfill the purpose of turbine overspeed control. Patents "methods of testing systems for protecting turbines against overspeed at startup" (CN102459822A), and "electrically controlled engine turbocharger overspeed protection systems for plateaus" (CN109882302A) control overspeed mainly by interrupting or reducing the supply of fuel to the turbine combustion chamber; when the method is adopted, when the power, the flow and the equipment volume of the turbine are increased and a multi-stage combined structure type is adopted, the obvious working medium volume delay effect can be generated, the adjustment reaction time is prolonged, the adjustment sensitivity is reduced, and the safe operation of the equipment is not facilitated.
In summary, it is necessary to adopt a novel control means to flexibly adjust the turbine speed under variable working conditions according to the turbine structure and operation characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet flow air curtains, which aims to further avoid the problem of rotor overspeed caused by large load change of a turbine. On the basis of a conventional rotating speed adjusting system, the system further improves the sensitivity of the control system to rotating speed change, meets the operation requirement of the turbine for the flexibility and the changeability of downstream loads, promotes the use of the turbine on a novel energy system, and has wide application prospect.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet flow air curtain at least comprises a rotating speed detection device, a rotating speed control device, a three-way regulating valve, a pressure expanding chamber and a jet flow generator,
the rotating speed detection device and the three-way regulating valve are in communication connection with the rotating speed control device;
the rotating speed detection device is arranged near a rotating shaft of the turbine rotor and used for measuring the rotating speed of the turbine in real time and feeding back the collected rotating speed signal of the turbine to the rotating speed control device in real time;
the gas inlet of the three-way regulating valve is communicated with a high-pressure gas source, the first gas outlet is communicated with the gas inlet end of the turbine in a manner of opening adjustment, and the second gas outlet is selectively communicated with the diffusion chamber;
the jet flow generator is used for generating a jet flow air curtain, an air inlet of the jet flow generator is communicated with the diffusion chamber, a jet flow outlet of the jet flow generator is communicated with the turbine runner, and the structure and the arrangement mode of the jet flow outlet of the jet flow generator ensure that jet flow air can damp the turbine blades;
the rotating speed control device judges whether the turbine rotor is overspeed or not according to the turbine rotating speed signal, when the turbine rotor is overspeed, the rotating speed control device outputs an execution instruction to the three-way regulating valve so as to control the valve position of the three-way regulating valve, reduce the opening degree of a first air outlet of the three-way regulating valve, reduce the air flow entering a turbine runner, communicate a second air outlet of the three-way regulating valve with the diffusion chamber, and then enable the jet flow generator to generate jet air to damp the turbine blades so as to reduce the rotating speed of the turbine.
In the radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on the jet flow air curtain, the rotating speed measuring device is used for measuring the rotating speed of the turbine in real time, transmitting a rotating speed signal to the rotating speed control device and ensuring that the rotating speed control device obtains the rotating speed of the turbine in real time. The rotating speed control device is used for receiving the real-time rotating speed signal, judging whether to control the rotating speed according to the signal and outputting an execution instruction to the three-way regulating valve. The three-way regulating valve regulates the valve position according to an execution instruction sent by the rotating speed control device, leads inlet gas to the pressure expansion chamber during braking, improves the gas flow pressure, forms control jet flow gas, simultaneously reduces the gas flow in a turbine runner, and weakens the gas flow driving force for driving the rotor to rotate; the diffusion chamber is used for improving jet flow inlet pressure, obtaining specified jet flow parameters and reducing jet flow fluctuation; the jet flow generator is used for generating jet flow gas, and the jet flow gas can form a damping effect on the blades of the impeller, improve the rotation resistance of the impeller and reduce the rotation speed of the impeller.
The radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on the jet flow air curtain can effectively overcome the defect of delayed response of a conventional adjusting mechanism aiming at a multi-stage and high-power turbine caused by a volume effect, can realize timely and effective control on the rotating speed under the condition of no stop, enables the turbine to continuously and safely operate under the condition of large-amplitude load shedding, and improves the adaptability of the turbine to various operating conditions.
The invention relates to a radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet flow air curtain, which has the rotor overspeed control principle as follows: when the rotating speed of the turbine increases and begins to exceed the maximum rotating speed limit, the rotating speed detection device obtains the real-time rotating speed of the turbine and transmits a signal to the rotating speed control system, and the rotating speed control system receives the real-time rotating speed signal, judges that rotating speed control is required according to the signal and outputs an execution instruction to the three-way regulating valve; the three-way regulating valve starts to regulate the valve position according to an execution instruction, the gas flow at the inlet of the turbine is guided to the pressure expansion chamber, the gas pressure in the pressure expansion chamber is improved, the gas in the pressure expansion chamber passes through the jet flow generator to form control jet flow gas with certain flow, speed and angle, the jet flow gas and the turbine blades act to form resistance which hinders the rotation of the impeller and reduce the rotating speed of the impeller, and meanwhile, the valve position regulation of the three-way valve can also reduce the gas flow in the original turbine gas inlet channel and weaken the driving force of a rotor in the turbine; and finally, the rotating speed of the impeller is effectively controlled under the action of the two factors.
Preferably, vanes are arranged upstream of the turbine inlet end.
Preferably, the type of the radial flow turbine is axial flow type, radial type, centrifugal type, diagonal flow type, etc., and the radial flow turbine is a single-stage or multi-stage series structure. The number, the geometric shape, the structural size and the rotating speed of the turbines are determined according to design parameters.
According to the radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on the jet flow air curtain, the rotational resistance is formed on the blades through the jet flow, the rotational driving force of the impeller is reduced, the impeller overspeed can be effectively prevented, the sensitivity of the turbine in response to load change is improved, and the safe operation of the turbine is ensured.
Preferably, the rotating speed measuring device is of the type including but not limited to: photoelectric type, magnetoelectric type, hall type, etc., and the specific type is determined according to the operating condition and the site condition.
Preferably, the rotating speed control device can be integrated with a turbine control system or independently arranged; determined from actual turbine design parameters.
Preferably, the flow characteristics of the three-way regulating valve include but are not limited to: quick open, square root, linear, equal percentage, etc.; the driving means include, but are not limited to: the specific structural style of the pneumatic drive, the electric drive, the hydraulic drive and the like is determined according to the adjustment requirement and the field condition.
Preferably, the diffuser structure can be combined with a casing of the turbine or can be a separate container structure; the geometry, volume, pressure grade and other parameters of the pressure expansion chamber are determined according to the regulation requirement and the field condition.
Preferably, the jet generator includes, but is not limited to: a spray pipe type and a guide vane type are used; the jet generator structure can be arranged along the whole circumference of the casing or along a specific arc length part; the parameters of the air flow speed, angle, flow rate and the like generated by the jet generator are determined according to the adjustment requirement and the field condition.
In the radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on the jet flow air curtain, the specific structures, the sizes and the operation parameters of the rotating speed detection device, the rotating speed control device, the three-way regulating valve, the pressure expanding chamber, the jet flow generator and the like are determined through integral optimization design, so that the optimal effect is ensured.
Preferably, the working medium gas source of the turbine comprises atmosphere, compressed air, engine tail gas, boiler steam, fuel gas, industrial exhaust flue gas, solar heat collector steam, heat accumulator steam, chemical process gas and the like.
Preferably, the working medium of the turbine is compressed air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, natural gas, ammonia, freon and the like.
According to another aspect of the invention, a turbine is also provided, which comprises the radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet air curtain of the invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on the jet flow air curtain can effectively overcome the defect of delayed response of a conventional rotating speed adjusting mechanism to a multi-stage and high-power turbine caused by a volume effect, can timely and effectively control the rotating speed under the condition of no stop, enables the turbine to continuously and safely operate under the conditions of large-amplitude loading and unloading, improves the adaptability of the turbine to various operating conditions, and is suitable for turbines with different load grades.
2. The radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on the jet flow air curtain increases the rotating resistance of the impeller, simultaneously reduces the air inflow of the turbine, reduces the driving force for driving the rotor to rotate, and has more obvious rotating speed control effect.
3. The radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on the jet flow air curtain can adopt a modular design, and control structure parameters can realize various combinations, so that the radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system has strong adaptability to the turbine structure and the operation condition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process diagram of the flow of working medium in a turbine;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a radial flow turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet air curtains of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the jet gas generators in the system in a flow direction wherein (a) is a single pass arrangement and (b) is a multiple pass arrangement;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the circumferential arrangement of jet gas generators in the system, wherein (a) the full circumference arrangement, (b) the partial arc length arrangement, and (c) the spaced arc length arrangement;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a jet generator structure in the system, wherein, (a) a jet pipe type jet generator and (b) a guide vane type jet generator.
In the figure, an
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The structure and technical scheme of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and an embodiment of the present invention is provided.
As shown in fig. 1, the turbine includes an
As shown in FIG. 2, in order to effectively prevent turbine rotor overspeed during variable operating conditions, the invention provides a turbine rotor overspeed control system based on jet air curtain, which at least comprises a rotating
The turbine rotor overspeed control system based on the jet flow air curtain can effectively overcome the defect of delayed response of a conventional adjusting mechanism aiming at a multi-stage and high-power turbine caused by a volume effect, and can realize timely and effective control on the rotating speed under the condition of no stop, so that the turbine can continuously and safely operate under the condition of large-amplitude load shedding, and the adaptability of the turbine to various operating conditions is improved.
To further enhance the effect of impeller overspeed control,
To further improve the effectiveness of the impeller overspeed control while reducing tooling costs and design difficulties, the placement of the
As shown in fig. 5, to further improve the overspeed control effect of the impeller, and considering the structure and processing difficulty, the
The invention relates to a turbine rotor overspeed control system based on a jet flow air curtain, which has the rotor overspeed control principle that: when the rotating speed of the turbine increases and begins to exceed the maximum rotating speed limit, the rotating speed detection device 40 obtains the real-time rotating speed of the turbine and transmits the signal to the rotating speed control device 50, and the rotating speed control device 50 receives the real-time rotating speed signal, judges that rotating speed control needs to be carried out according to the signal and outputs an execution instruction to the three-way regulating valve 60; the three-way regulating valve 60 starts to regulate the valve position according to an execution instruction, the turbine inlet airflow is guided to the pressure expansion chamber 70, the gas pressure in the pressure expansion chamber 70 is increased, the gas in the pressure expansion chamber 70 passes through the jet generator 80 to form control jet flow air with certain flow, speed and angle, the control jet flow air and the turbine blades act to form resistance for blocking the rotation of the impeller and reduce the rotating speed of the impeller, and meanwhile, the valve position regulation of the three-way regulating valve 60 can also reduce the gas flow in the original turbine inlet channel and reduce the rotor driving force in the turbine; and finally, the rotating speed of the impeller is effectively controlled under the action of the two factors.
The object of the present invention is fully effectively achieved by the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention includes, but is not limited to, what is described in the accompanying drawings and the foregoing detailed description. While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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