阅读说明：本技术 一种加工薄壁空腔的方法 (Method for processing thin-wall cavity ) 是由 陈楠 朱余东 明军军 于 2021-08-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种加工薄壁空腔的方法。包括以下几个步骤：(1)第一次切割：对原材料进行第一次切割,在原材料上至少切割出两个第一空腔,所述第一空腔的四周为隔离柱；(2)第二次切割：对隔离柱进行切割,在隔离柱处切割出第二空腔；(3)第三次切割：在隔离柱上加工出预隔断槽,然后再将隔离柱全部切割,形成最后的薄壁空腔。本发明的加工方法采用多次切割的方法,实现多工序同工装加工,减少了多次周转装夹定位,提高了生产效率和产品一致性。(The invention discloses a method for processing a thin-wall cavity. The method comprises the following steps: (1) cutting for the first time: the method comprises the following steps of cutting a raw material for the first time, and cutting at least two first cavities on the raw material, wherein isolation columns are arranged around the first cavities; (2) and (3) cutting for the second time: cutting the isolation column, and cutting a second cavity at the isolation column; (3) and (3) third cutting: and processing a pre-partition groove on the isolation column, and then completely cutting the isolation column to form a final thin-wall cavity. The processing method adopts a method of cutting for multiple times, realizes the processing of multiple processes and the same tool, reduces multiple times of turnover, clamping and positioning, and improves the production efficiency and the consistency of products.)

1. A method for processing a thin-wall cavity is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) cutting for the first time: the method comprises the following steps of cutting a raw material for the first time, and cutting at least two first cavities on the raw material, wherein isolation columns are arranged around the first cavities;

(2) and (3) cutting for the second time: cutting the isolation column, and cutting a second cavity at the isolation column;

(3) and (3) third cutting: and processing a pre-partition groove on the isolation column, and then completely cutting the isolation column to form a final thin-wall cavity.

2. A method for forming a thin-walled cavity as claimed in claim 1, wherein step (1) further comprises: the raw materials are placed in a high-temperature circulating oven, and intervals are reserved among the raw materials, so that the raw materials are naturally cooled to room temperature in the oven and then taken out.

3. A method for forming a thin-walled cavity as claimed in claim 1, wherein step (2) further comprises: loosening the workpiece clamping jig, secondarily clamping the workpiece, and cutting the isolating column by 0.1-0.5 mm.

4. A method for forming a thin-walled cavity as claimed in claim 3, wherein step (2) further comprises: cleaning water stains on the surface of the part, placing the part in an oven at 120 +/-5 ℃ for 0.5h, drying the water stains, increasing the temperature of the oven to 240 +/-3 ℃ for 4h, keeping the temperature for 4h after the temperature reaches 240 ℃, turning off a heating power supply of the oven, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out.

5. A method for forming a thin-walled cavity as claimed in claim 1, wherein step (3) further comprises: after the pre-partition groove is machined on the isolation column, the workpiece clamping jig is loosened, and the raw material is continuously clamped at the same position after being turned over horizontally by 180 degrees.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein step (3) further comprises: and loosening the clamping jig again, adjusting the torque, and continuously cutting the isolating column.

7. A method of forming a thin-walled cavity according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the starting material is an aluminium alloy.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for processing a thin-wall cavity, belonging to the technical field of machining.

Background

In the machining process, a thin-wall cavity needs to be machined on a workpiece, and the workpiece is required to meet the structural strength requirement that the height of an isolation column at a middle frame is equal and the deformation is less than 0.05mm under the condition that the limit mechanical property of a material is not changed. The traditional process needs repeated combination of multiple process technologies, the cost is obviously increased, the operation efficiency is low, and the consistency of batch production cannot be ensured.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for processing a thin-wall cavity, the processing efficiency is improved, the deformation of the thin wall of the manufactured workpiece is less, and the qualification rate is high.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a method of machining a thin-walled cavity comprising the steps of:

(1) cutting for the first time: the method comprises the following steps of cutting a raw material for the first time, and cutting at least two first cavities on the raw material, wherein isolation columns are arranged around the first cavities;

(2) and (3) cutting for the second time: cutting the isolation column, and cutting a second cavity at the isolation column;

(3) and (3) third cutting: and processing a pre-partition groove on the isolation column, and then completely cutting the isolation column to form a final thin-wall cavity.

The method for processing the thin-wall cavity comprises the following steps (1): the raw materials are placed in a high-temperature circulating oven, and intervals are reserved among the raw materials, so that the raw materials are naturally cooled to room temperature in the oven and then taken out.

The method for processing the thin-wall cavity comprises the following step (2): loosening the workpiece clamping jig, secondarily clamping the workpiece, and cutting the isolating column by 0.1-0.5 mm.

The method for processing the thin-wall cavity comprises the following step (2): cleaning water stains on the surface of the part, placing the part in an oven at 120 +/-5 ℃ for 0.5h, drying the water stains, increasing the temperature of the oven to 240 +/-3 ℃ for 4h, keeping the temperature for 4h after the temperature reaches 240 ℃, turning off a heating power supply of the oven, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out.

The method for processing the thin-wall cavity comprises the following step (3): after the pre-partition groove is machined on the isolation column, the workpiece clamping jig is loosened, and the raw material is continuously clamped at the same position after being turned over horizontally by 180 degrees.

The method for processing the thin-wall cavity comprises the following step (3): and loosening the clamping jig again, adjusting the torque, and continuously cutting the isolating column.

According to the method for processing the thin-wall cavity, the raw material is aluminum alloy.

The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:

the processing method adopts a method of cutting for multiple times, realizes the processing of multiple processes and the same tool, reduces multiple times of turnover, clamping and positioning, and improves the production efficiency and the consistency of products.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a workpiece after completion of processing in example 1;

FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of example 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the workpiece after completion of the processing in example 2;

FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram of example 2;

in the figure: 1. workpiece, 2, cavity, 3, first cavity, 4, isolation column, 5, second cavity, 6, column, 7, right cavity, 71, independent module, 8, left cavity, 81, module, 811, through groove, 9, middle frame, 91, through groove, 10, pre-cutting groove.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings. Examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Example 1

The finished product to be obtained is shown in fig. 1, and a thin-walled cavity 2 is machined in a workpiece 1.

The processing flow is as follows (as shown in figure 2):

(1) cutting for the first time: placing the raw materials in a high-temperature circulating oven, wherein the raw materials are spaced, and naturally cooling the raw materials in the oven to room temperature and then taking out the raw materials; the method comprises the following steps of cutting a raw material for the first time to form four first cavities 3, wherein isolation columns 4 are arranged around the first cavities 3;

(2) and (3) cutting for the second time: loosening the workpiece clamping jig, clamping the workpiece for the second time, cutting the isolating column 4 by 0.1-0.5mm, cutting the isolating column 4, and cutting a second cavity 5 at the isolating column; cleaning water stains on the surface of the part, placing the part in an oven at 120 +/-5 ℃ for 0.5h, drying the water stains, increasing the temperature of the oven to 240 +/-3 for 4h, keeping the temperature for 4h after the temperature reaches 240 ℃, turning off a heating power supply of the oven, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out;

(3) and (3) third cutting: machining a pre-partition groove 10 on the isolation column 4, loosening the workpiece clamping jig, continuously clamping the raw material at the same position after turning the raw material horizontally by 180 degrees, and then cutting the raw material from the pre-partition groove 10 to form a final thin-wall cavity 2.

Example 2

As shown in FIG. 3, the workpiece 1 was 500mm long, 267mm wide and 5mm thick. Two thin-walled cavities are provided, wherein the right cavity 7 is 2mm thinner and is connected with the left cavity 8, and the wall thickness is 5 mm. 6 columns 6 with the diameter of 5mm are distributed on the frame with the thickness of 2mm of the cavity 7 on the right, and the parts are required to meet the structural strength requirements of the isolation column at the middle frame on the height and the deformation of less than 0.05mm without changing the material limit mechanical property.

The processing method comprises the following steps:

the raw materials in the T6 state are placed in a high-temperature circulating oven in a blade type side direction at 45 degrees, the interval between the materials is 10mm, the number of layers is 1, the placement is favorable for the exchange of cold air and hot air, and therefore the stress of each raw material is uniformly released;

setting the time from room temperature to 260 +/-5 ℃ of a high-temperature section to be 4h, namely heating at about 1 ℃ per minute, keeping the temperature for 6h after the temperature reaches 260 ℃ to stop heating, turning off a power supply, naturally cooling the material in an oven to room temperature, taking out the material, and strictly forbidding opening the oven door in the process. Experiments prove that the residual stress of the material can be uniformly removed by strictly controlling the placing mode, the quantity, the spacing, the temperature and the time of the material, the stress deformation caused by the subsequent machining process can be effectively reduced to be reduced to 0.5-1 mm, and the mechanical property of the material cannot be changed at the temperature;

in order to realize key characteristic technical indexes of the cavity and the thin wall, the hollow parts of the right cavity 7 and the left cavity 8 are divided into a plurality of characteristics with different shapes for mechanical processing, and the specific steps are as follows: the edge cavity 7 is reserved with 1mm and divided into independent modules 71 by using a numerical control machine, and six pillars 6 which are processed with 1mm are reserved at corresponding positions of the middle frame 9, so that the stress deformation in the processing process can be effectively counteracted by the dividing method, the deformation of the processing process is reduced to be within 0.2-0.3 mm, and meanwhile, the clamping strength of a workpiece can be increased by connecting the entity part with a main material;

the left cavity 8 is divided into 14 modules 81, the dividing method can effectively offset the stress deformation in the machining process, the deformation amount of the left cavity is reduced to be within 0.2-0.3 mm, and meanwhile, the solid part is connected with the main body material to increase the clamping strength of the workpiece;

loosening the workpiece clamping jig, releasing the relaxed processing stress again by the material to enable the deformation to reach 0.3-0.5 mm, clamping the workpiece twice by using a 15N.m torque which does not cause secondary deformation, and cutting the features of the division positions of the right cavity 7 and the left cavity 8 again by 0.5mm while keeping the workpiece at the deformation of 0.3-0.5 mm to enable the deformation of the relaxed clamp to recover to 0.2-0.3 mm;

cleaning water stains on the surface of a part, placing the part in an oven, keeping the temperature of 120 +/-5 ℃ for 0.5h, drying the water stains, increasing the temperature of the oven to 240 +/-3 for 4h, keeping the temperature of the oven at 240 ℃ for 4h, turning off a heating power supply of the oven, strictly forbidding opening the oven door in the process, naturally cooling the oven door to room temperature, and taking out the oven door, wherein the important point is that the deformation of subsequent characteristic processing is realized by releasing the residual stress of a workpiece in a processing process and in a relaxed state;

cutting the reserved processing amount of the middle frame 9 by using a numerical control machine tool for 0.3mm in length, width and depth respectively, cutting the column 6 by 0.3mm, cutting a rectangular through groove 91 with the length of 43.4mm and the width of 10mm at the center of the middle frame 9, and then clamping the workpiece by the torsion of 12N.m, wherein the longitudinal deformation caused by cutting in the next process can be effectively reduced by cutting at the position;

the characteristics of the middle frame 3 are cut again by using the machine tool, 37 through grooves 811 are cut on 14 modules 81, and the deformation amount generated by next cutting is reduced under the condition of ensuring the clamping strength of a workpiece;

a machine tool is used for processing a V-shaped pre-cutting groove 10 with the depth of 0.5mm along the maximum outline margin of the middle frame 9 and the module 81, so that burrs after the sequential through cutting in the next process can be removed conveniently;

loosening a workpiece clamping jig, continuously clamping the workpiece at the same position after 180-degree horizontal turning, enabling the torque to be 5N.m, using a tungsten steel 2-edge milling cutter (the edge is less and is beneficial to chip removal) with the diameter of 2mm to penetrate along the middle frame 9 for machining, and forming the rectangular penetrating groove 91 and the through groove 811 due to the fact that the rectangular penetrating groove 91 and the rectangular through groove are formed in the previous process, the waste materials falling respectively have enough space to fall in the cutting process of the cutter, cannot impact the part and the cutter rotating at a high speed, and the V-shaped pre-cutting groove 10 is machined at the same position of the back, so that secondary cutting burrs cannot be generated on a fault after cutting;

and loosening the clamping jig again, adjusting the torque to 3N.m, continuing to perform cutting machining on the plane of the middle frame 9 by 0.1mm, finishing the length, the width and the thickness of the middle frame and the appearance and the height of the isolation column in place, and performing inspection on three coordinates to meet the technical requirements of deformation and height of 0.05 mm.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.