阅读说明：本技术 一种铝挤压材成型方法 (Forming method of aluminum extruded material ) 是由 吴新星 邢阳 倪娟丽 俞雁 杜盟相 于 2019-03-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：为克服现有铝挤压材成型工艺存在工艺复杂和设备成本高的问题,本发明提供了一种铝挤压材成型方法,包括以下操作步骤：获取经过人工时效处理的铝挤压材；对铝挤压材的待变形区域进行加热,加热温度高于铝挤压材的β＇＇相的固溶温度,低于铝挤压材的Mg<Sub>2</Sub>Si相的固溶温度；对热处理区域进行快速冷却处理；完成水淬处理的2天内,对铝挤压材的待变形区域进行弯曲变形,在完成水淬处理的2天内使铝挤压材处于室温状态。本发明提供的铝挤压材成型方法充分利用了铝挤压成型的热处理设备进行人工时效处理,在对弯折区域进行热处理后无需再进行热处理,即弯折加工产商无需额外投入热处理设备,有效降低铝挤压材零部件制造成本,具有良好的可操作性和经济价值。(In order to overcome the problems of complex process and high equipment cost of the existing aluminum extruded material forming process, the invention provides an aluminum extruded material forming method which comprises the following operation steps of obtaining an aluminum extruded material subjected to artificial aging treatment, and heating a region to be deformed of the aluminum extruded material, wherein the heating temperature is higher than the β 'phase solid solution temperature of the aluminum extruded material and lower than the Mg' phase solid solution temperature of the aluminum extruded material 2 The solid solution temperature of the Si phase; carrying out rapid cooling treatment on the heat treatment area; and bending and deforming the area to be deformed of the aluminum extruded material within 2 days after the water quenching treatment is finished, and keeping the aluminum extruded material at the room temperature within 2 days after the water quenching treatment is finished. The forming method of the aluminum extruded material provided by the invention fully utilizes the heat treatment equipment for aluminum extrusion forming to carry out artificial aging treatment, and does not need to carry out heat treatment after carrying out heat treatment on the bending area, i.e. a bending processing manufacturer does not need to additionally input the heat treatment equipment, thereby effectively reducing the manufacturing cost of parts of the aluminum extruded material and having good operability and economic value.)

1. The forming method of the aluminum extruded material is characterized by comprising the following operation steps of:

obtaining an aluminum extruded material subjected to artificial aging treatment;

the aluminum extruded material comprises a region to be deformed which is subjected to subsequent bending deformation and a non-deformed region which is not subjected to bending deformation, and the region to be deformed of the aluminum extruded material is heated at a temperature higher than the solution temperature of β' phase of the aluminum extruded material and lower than the Mg-phase of the aluminum extruded material₂The solid solution temperature of the Si phase; then, carrying out rapid cooling treatment on the heat treatment area;

and bending and deforming the area to be deformed of the aluminum extruded material within 2 days after the water quenching treatment is finished, and standing at room temperature for more than 2 days to assemble and use.

2. The method of forming an aluminum extruded material as recited in claim 1, wherein the aluminum extruded material is a 6-series aluminum alloy material.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the artificially aged aluminum extrudate is in a T5 temper, a T6 temper, or a T7 temper.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating temperature of the region of the aluminum extrudate to be deformed is 350 ℃ to 450 ℃.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment of the area to be deformed of the aluminum extrudate is performed for a holding time of 5s to 30 s.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating of the area to be deformed of the aluminum extrusion is induction heating, comprising the following operations:

the periphery of the to-be-deformed area of the aluminum extrusion material is provided with an induction coil matched with the to-be-deformed area in a surrounding mode, one side of the induction coil is connected with a temperature control device, high-frequency current is introduced into the induction coil through the temperature control device, and the to-be-deformed area of the aluminum extrusion material is heated in an induction mode.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the rapid cooling treatment of the heat treatment region is water quenching treatment.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminum extrudate is allowed to stand at room temperature for more than 3 days after completion of the water quenching process.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminum extrudate is a hollow or solid extrudate.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy processing, and particularly relates to a forming method of an aluminum extruded material.

Background

The light weight is one of automobile development directions, and the aluminum alloy is widely applied to automobile body structural parts such as front longitudinal beams, floor cross beams and the like due to light weight and easiness in extruding different section shapes. Most of aluminum extruded materials for automobiles are 6-series or 7-series materials which can be age-strengthened, and the used state is mainly in an artificially aged state (T5, T6 or T7), and the aluminum extruded materials have higher strength and collision performance than those in a T4 state (solid solution + natural aging). Taking an anti-collision beam as an example, the current mainstream anti-collision beam material is 6082, and the using state is T6 state, so that the yield strength of the anti-collision beam is close to 300MPa and is far higher than the T4 state (about 120MPa) without artificial aging.

However, such an artificially aged aluminum extruded material tends to have a low elongation while achieving high strength, and it is difficult to perform subsequent forming to obtain the shape of the final part. Therefore, in the actual part manufacturing process, the aluminum extruded material is often formed in the state of T4, and after the shape of the corresponding part is obtained, the artificial aging is performed to form the final part. The actual manufacturing process of the previous anti-collision beam is as follows: (aluminum extrusion plant) aluminum alloy extrusion, water quenching → T4 temper extrusion → transportation to parts supplier → aluminum extrusion bending (to achieve the desired shape) → artificial aging → final part. The manufacturing process fully utilizes the low strength and high plasticity of the aluminum extruded material in the T4 state to realize the precise forming of parts, but also puts high requirements on manufacturing conditions/equipment. For example, in the process, the production and forming of the aluminum extrusion material are completed in aluminum material factories and suppliers, the suppliers need to additionally equip a heat treatment furnace for artificial aging treatment, and if the size of the extrusion material is larger, a large heat treatment furnace needs to be equipped, which undoubtedly increases the production cost of parts; however, the heat treatment furnace required by the original artificial aging part is already equipped in the aluminum extrusion plant, but the heat treatment furnace normally equipped in the aluminum extrusion plant cannot be fully utilized due to the extrusion and forming of the aluminum material, so that the utilization of the heat treatment equipment is insufficient, and the manufacturing cost is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an aluminum extruded material forming method, aiming at the problems of complex process and high equipment cost of the existing aluminum extruded material forming process.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

the embodiment of the invention provides an aluminum extruded material forming method, which comprises the following operation steps:

obtaining an aluminum extruded material subjected to artificial aging treatment;

the aluminum extruded material comprises a region to be deformed which is subjected to subsequent bending deformation and a non-deformed region which is not subjected to bending deformation, and the region to be deformed of the aluminum extruded material is heated at a temperature higher than the solution temperature of β' phase of the aluminum extruded material and lower than the Mg-phase of the aluminum extruded material₂The solid solution temperature of the Si phase; then, carrying out rapid cooling treatment on the heat treatment area;

and bending and deforming the area to be deformed of the aluminum extruded material within 2 days after the water quenching treatment is finished, and standing at room temperature for more than 2 days to assemble and use.

β' phase and Mg are generated in the aluminium extruded material after artificial ageing treatment₂Two strengthening phases of Si phase, β' phase size of about 20nm, unstable morphology, low solution temperature, Mg₂The method for forming an aluminum extruded material, which comprises heating a region to be deformed to a temperature at which β' phase produced by artificial aging of the aluminum extruded material is solid-dissolved and controlling the heating temperature to be lower than Mg₂The inventor finds through experiments that the strength of the aluminum extruded material in the area to be deformed is reduced to some extent but not reduced too much after the heat treatment, and meanwhile, the bending forming capability of the aluminum extruded material is improved, and after the aluminum extruded material is subjected to bending treatment and is placed at room temperature for a certain time, the strength of the deformation area can be recovered to the strength of the non-deformation area, namely, the basic consistency of the performance of the whole part can be ensured. The forming method can be applied to the situation that aluminum extrusion and bending processing belong to two parts, fully utilizes heat treatment equipment for aluminum extrusion forming to carry out artificial aging treatment, simultaneously does not need additional investment on the heat treatment equipment by a bending processing manufacturer, effectively reduces the manufacturing cost of aluminum extruded material parts, and has good operability and economic value.

Optionally, the aluminum extrusion material is a 6-series aluminum alloy material.

Optionally, the artificially aged aluminum extrusion is in a T5 state, a T6 state, or a T7 state.

Optionally, the heating temperature of the area to be deformed of the aluminum extruded material is 350-450 ℃.

Optionally, the heat preservation time of the heat treatment of the area to be deformed of the aluminum extruded material is 5s to 30 s.

Optionally, the heating of the to-be-deformed region of the aluminum extruded material is induction heating, and includes the following operations:

the periphery of the to-be-deformed area of the aluminum extrusion material is provided with an induction coil matched with the to-be-deformed area in a surrounding mode, one side of the induction coil is connected with a temperature control device, high-frequency current is introduced into the induction coil through the temperature control device, and the to-be-deformed area of the aluminum extrusion material is heated in an induction mode.

Optionally, the rapid cooling treatment for the heat treatment region is water quenching treatment.

Optionally, standing at room temperature for more than 3 days after completing the water quenching treatment.

Optionally, the aluminum extruded material is a hollow or solid extruded material.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a view showing the processing flow and the processing result of an aluminum extruded material according to comparative example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a view showing the processing flow and the processing result of the aluminum extruded material provided in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the strength of the aluminum extruded material of example 1 after 3 days of standing;

FIG. 4 is a photograph of the beta' phase metallographic section of an artificially aged aluminum extrudate according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 shows Mg in an artificially aged aluminum extrusion of the present invention₂A Si phase metallographic image;

FIG. 6 shows Mg in different 6-series aluminum alloys according to the present invention₂Si mole fraction versus temperature curve.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides an aluminum extruded material forming method, including the following operation steps:

obtaining an aluminum extruded material subjected to artificial aging treatment;

the aluminum extruded material comprises a region to be deformed which is subjected to subsequent bending deformation and a non-deformed region which is not subjected to bending deformation, and the region to be deformed of the aluminum extruded material is heated at a temperature higher than the solution temperature of β' phase of the aluminum extruded material and lower than the Mg-phase of the aluminum extruded material₂The solid solution temperature of the Si phase; then, carrying out rapid cooling treatment on the heat treatment area;

and bending and deforming the area to be deformed of the aluminum extruded material within 2 days after the water quenching treatment is finished, and keeping the aluminum extruded material in a room temperature state within 2 days after the water quenching treatment is finished.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, β' phase and Mg are formed in the artificially aged aluminum extrudate₂Two strengthening phases of Si phase, β' phase size of about 20nm, unstable morphology, low solution temperature, Mg₂The method for forming an aluminum extruded material, which comprises heating a region to be deformed to a temperature at which β' phase produced by artificial aging of the aluminum extruded material is solid-dissolved and controlling the heating temperature to be lower than Mg₂The inventor finds through experiments that the strength of the aluminum extruded material in the area to be deformed is reduced to some extent but not reduced too much after the heat treatment, and meanwhile, the bending forming capability of the aluminum extruded material is improved, and after bending treatment and natural aging treatment for a certain time at room temperature, the strength of the deformed area can be gradually restored to the strength of the non-deformed area, namely, the basic consistency of the performance of the whole part can be ensured. The forming method can be applied to aluminum extrusion and bending processingThe method has the advantages that the method belongs to two conditions, the heat treatment equipment for aluminum extrusion molding is fully utilized for carrying out artificial aging treatment, and meanwhile, heat treatment is not needed after heat treatment is carried out on the bending area, namely, bending manufacturers do not need to additionally input the heat treatment equipment, so that the manufacturing cost of aluminum extruded material parts is effectively reduced, and the method has good operability and economic value.

In some embodiments, the aluminum extrudate is a 6-series aluminum alloy material.

The 6-series aluminum alloy material is an aluminum alloy taking magnesium and silicon as main alloy elements, and belongs to wrought aluminum alloys. It is Mg₂Si precipitation hardening type heat treatment strengthens alloys, has good corrosion resistance, moderate strength, and excellent hot workability, and is therefore used in large quantities as an extruded aluminum material.

In some embodiments, the artificially aged aluminum extrudate is in the T5 temper, T6 temper, or T7 temper.

The aluminum extruded material in the T5 state, the T6 state or the T7 state is obtained by artificial aging, and when the aluminum extruded material is in the T5 state, the T6 state or the T7 state, the aluminum extruded material has higher strength and collision performance compared with the T4 state of the aluminum extruded material, and is suitable for being used as high-strength parts of various products.

In the method for molding an aluminum extruded material according to the present invention, the aluminum extruded material may be subjected to artificial aging treatment directly or may be commercially available as an aluminum extruded material subjected to artificial aging treatment.

In some embodiments, the heating temperature for the area to be deformed of the aluminum extrusion is 350 ℃ to 450 ℃.

It was found by heating and metallographic analysis of 6 series aluminum-aluminum alloy materials that the β 'phase had a solid solution temperature of more than 300 ℃ for most of the 6 series aluminum-alloy materials, and that it was difficult to solid-dissolve the β' phase when the heating temperature of the region to be deformed of the aluminum extruded material was less than 350 ℃, as shown in FIG. 6, and Mg for most of the 6 series aluminum-alloy materials₂The solid solution temperature of the Si phase is between 450 ℃ and 500 ℃, and when the heating temperature of the area to be deformed of the aluminum extrusion material is more than 450 ℃, Mg is easily caused₂The solid solution of Si phase makes the strength of the deformed region difficult to recover after the subsequent room temperature stateTo a strength consistent with the non-deformed region.

In some embodiments, the holding time for the heat treatment of the area to be deformed of the aluminum extrusion is 5s to 30 s.

The inventors found through extensive experiments that, if the holding time of the heat treatment is too short, the amount of solid solution of β' -phase precipitated in the region to be deformed of the aluminum extruded material is small, the strength of the region to be deformed is not significantly decreased, the plastic recovery is limited, and it is difficult to complete the subsequent bending deformation operation; if the heat preservation time of the heat treatment is too long, a transition area with a large range exists between the area to be deformed and the non-deformation area of the aluminum extruded material due to the high thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy, the strength of the transition area cannot be recovered to the strength consistent with that of the non-deformation area after the aluminum extruded material is placed at room temperature, the uniformity of the overall performance of the part is poor, and the transition area is easy to become a failure cracking position.

In some embodiments, the heating of the area to be deformed of the aluminum extrusion is induction heating, comprising the following operations:

the periphery of the to-be-deformed area of the aluminum extrusion material is provided with an induction coil matched with the to-be-deformed area in a surrounding mode, one side of the induction coil is connected with a temperature control device, high-frequency current is introduced into the induction coil through the temperature control device, and the to-be-deformed area of the aluminum extrusion material is heated in an induction mode.

It should be noted that, in other embodiments, other heating methods may also be adopted to heat the aluminum extruded material, such as thermal conduction heating, laser heating, and the like, and compared with other heating methods, the embodiment adopts an induction heating method, which can achieve rapid heating, and can heat the region to be deformed of the aluminum extruded material from inside to outside at the same time, thereby avoiding the problem of large temperature difference between the external temperature and the internal temperature, and controlling the heating temperature and time through the magnitude of the high-frequency current and the on-off state.

In some embodiments, the rapid cooling of the heat treated region is performed by water quenching.

The water quenching treatment is to rapidly cool the heat treatment area of the aluminum extruded material by water, specifically, the aluminum extruded material can be immersed in water, or water can be sprayed on the heat treatment area of the aluminum extruded material.

After the aluminum extruded material is subjected to the heating and heat preservation treatment, the aluminum extruded material is subjected to water quenching treatment, so that the larger solid solubility of the matrix can be ensured, more vacancy concentration can be obtained, and the formation of atom clusters parked at room temperature is facilitated.

In some embodiments, to ensure complete recovery of the strength of the deformed region of the aluminum extrudate, the aluminum extrudate is allowed to sit at room temperature for more than 3 days after completion of the water quenching process.

In the present invention, the term "room temperature" is to be broadly understood to refer to an ambient temperature condition under which the aluminum extrudate is naturally aged, and a temperature range of the "room temperature" may be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific ambient condition.

In some embodiments, the "room temperature parking" temperature is further limited to a temperature between-40 ℃ and 40 ℃, between 0 ℃ and 20 ℃, between-20 ℃ and 0 ℃, or between 20 ℃ and 25 ℃.

In some embodiments, the aluminum extrudate is a hollow or solid extrudate.

It should be noted that the method for forming aluminum extrusions provided by the present invention is applicable to aluminum extrusions of various shapes, such as plates, prisms, cylinders, etc., and shall be included in the scope of the present invention.

The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples.