阅读说明：本技术 一种竹荪重茬预处理方法 (Continuous cropping pretreatment method for bamboo fungus ) 是由 薛力云 李建 于 2020-07-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于食用菌种植技术领域,公开了一种竹荪重茬预处理方法,主要通过土壤改良进行,包括分灭菌杀虫、杀灭上茬竹荪孢子和有益菌群培养三个阶段。本发明通过优化处理步骤及配合使用自制菌液培养适合竹荪种植环境菌群生态条件,为竹荪种植重茬提供保障,突破竹荪重茬种植难题。(The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and discloses a continuous cropping pretreatment method of dictyophora indusiata, which is mainly carried out by soil improvement and comprises three stages of sterilization, disinsection, killing of spores of dictyophora indusiata and beneficial flora culture. According to the method, the ecological conditions of the flora suitable for the bamboo fungus planting environment are cultured by the optimization treatment steps and the self-made bacterial liquid, so that the guarantee is provided for continuous cropping of the bamboo fungus, and the difficult problem of continuous cropping of the bamboo fungus is solved.)

1. A continuous bamboo fungus cropping pretreatment method is used for continuously cultivating bamboo fungi for at least two times in the same land area, and is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

A₁after the cultivation of the bamboo fungus in the previous crop is finished, firstly, mulching film covering fumigation treatment is carried out on the land in the planting area for 3-10 days by adopting a sterilization solution and an insecticide;

A₂taking down the mulching film after the fumigation is finished, and spraying a sporicide in soil to kill spores;

A₃spraying the continuous cropping agent aqueous solution containing the bacillus into the soil 3d after the spores are killed, and turning over the soil;

A₄spreading a culture material on the turned soil as a culture bed, and spraying a mixed bacterial liquid A for stimulating the growth of hyphae in the hyphae growth stage after the completion of planting.

2. The continuous cropping pretreatment method of dictyophora phalloidea according to claim 1, characterized in that the sterilizing solution comprises, by mass, 10-15% of carbon disulfide, 15-30% of dibromoethane, 30-50% of carbon tetrachloride, 20-30% of chloropicrin and 10-15% of methyl bromide, and 1-4% of lime powder is added for real-time mixing, stirring and spraying.

3. The continuous bamboo fungus cropping pretreatment method according to claim 2, characterized in that the sterilizing solution comprises, by mass, 14% of carbon disulfide, 16% of ethylene dibromide, 30% of carbon tetrachloride, 27% of chloropicrin, 3% of lime powder and 10% of methyl bromide.

4. The continuous cropping pretreatment method of dictyophora phalloidea according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pesticide is a pyrethroid pesticide.

5. The continuous cropping pretreatment method of dictyophora phalloidea according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said sporicide is sodium dichloroisocyanurate, and the spores are killed by adding into aqueous solution and spraying.

6. The continuous cropping pretreatment method of dictyophora indusiata according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixed bacteria liquid A comprises photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, actinomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

7. The continuous cropping pretreatment method of dictyophora indusiata according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that step a is implemented₁The fumigating process in (1) is as follows:

(1.1) firstly, applying enough base fertilizer to the soil, and controlling the soil humidity within 65-80% through detection;

(1.2) digging a film pressing ditch in the soil in the area, and then covering a mulching film on the surface of the soil to form a closed space;

(1.3) mixing the prepared sterilizing solution and the pesticide according to the ratio of 5: 2, mixing and stirring to obtain a fumigant;

(1.4) arranging an evaporator and a liquid storage tank at the built temporary shielding position, and putting the pesticide into the soil in the mulching film by adopting the evaporator through a pesticide feeding pipe;

(1.5) sealing the medicine placing point after the medicine placing is finished and keeping the sealed state for 3-4d, then uncovering the mulching film and ventilating for 4-6d to finish the fumigating process.

8. The continuous cropping pretreatment method of dictyophora phalloidea according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the continuous cropping agent is mixed according to the ratio of 1: 20, the continuous cropping agent comprises 10-25 percent of NA culture medium containing bacillus thuringiensis, trichoderma harzianum and dermocrea giganteum, 10-15 percent of bacillus subtilis, 15-20 percent of carbendazim, 10-35 percent of urea, 6-20 percent of ammonium phosphate, 7-15 percent of potassium sulfate, 5-15 percent of quintozene, 5-15 percent of zinc sulfate and 5-15 percent of magnesium sulfate according to mass fraction.

9. The continuous cropping pretreatment method of dictyophora phalloidea according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the culture material comprises bamboo dregs, wood chips and straw dregs.

10. The continuous cropping pretreatment method of Dictyophora Indusiata according to claim 1 or 2, wherein step A is adopted after the cultivation of the previous Dictyophora Indusiata₁-A₃Treating the soil, planting the gramineous crops by water-adding and field-soaking, and performing the step A after harvesting₄。

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a continuous cropping pretreatment method of dictyophora phalloidea.

Background

Dictyophora Indusiata is a cryptophysaloides parasitizing at the root of dried bamboo, is in a shape similar to a net-shaped dry white snake skin, and is provided with a dark green pileus, a snow white cylindrical stipe and a pink egg-shaped bacteroid, wherein a fine and white net-shaped skirt is arranged at the top end of the stipe and is spread downwards from the pileus.

The rhizoid fungi of Dictyophora indusiata are connected with bamboo rhizome and dead bamboo root, the long Dictyophora indusiata is mostly produced in high-temperature and high-humidity areas, and the short Dictyophora indusiata of the same genus is mostly grown in warm-humidity environments. When spore germinates to form hypha, the hypha decomposes organic substances of the putrid bamboo to obtain nutrition, the hypha enters a reproductive growth stage to form countless hypha cables, the front end of the hypha cables expands and develops into a knot-shaped primordium, and the primordium grows for a plurality of months under proper conditions to form a bud like an egg. When the top of the bud is convex like a peach shape, the top of the bud cracks from the convex part in the morning of fine day, the pileus is exposed first, the pileus extends successively, the pileus stops extending when the pileus grows to a certain height, the pileus gradually expands downwards from the cover, when the relative humidity of air is 95%, the pileus grows normally, and when the temperature is low and the humidity is too low, the pileus cannot be expanded normally. 4-5 pm, the basidiospores are covered with the mycelia and mature, autolysis begins, the basidiospores are dripped to the ground, and meanwhile, the whole sporocarp shrinks and falls down.

The wild collected bamboo fungus has gold price, and the reputations of 'flower of fungus' and 'queen in fungus', and the artificial cultivation is available. The raw materials used for artificial cultivation include bamboo, log, bagasse, wood chips, etc., and the cultivation forms include box cultivation, bed cultivation and open-air bamboo forest land cultivation. However, after planting, the plant diseases and insect pests are frequently caused if continuous cropping planting is adopted, the unit yield is reduced, the benefit is reduced, the planting place is forced to be changed, and even continuous planting facilities are changed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problem that the yield per unit is reduced due to the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in continuous cropping during artificial cultivation of dictyophora phalloidea in the prior art, the invention provides a dictyophora phalloidea continuous cropping pretreatment method, which is used for orderly killing and preventing plant diseases and insect pests by a reasonable method, so that continuous cropping is carried out in soil in the same area, the cost is saved, and the production efficiency is improved.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a continuous bamboo fungus cropping pretreatment method is used for continuously cultivating bamboo fungi for at least two times in the same land area, and comprises the following specific steps:

A₁after the cultivation of the bamboo fungus in the previous crop is finished, firstly, mulching film covering fumigation treatment is carried out on the land in the planting area for 3-10 days by adopting a sterilization solution and an insecticide;

A₂taking down the mulching film after the fumigation is finished, and spraying a sporicide in soil to kill spores;

A₃spraying the continuous cropping agent aqueous solution containing the bacillus into the soil 3d after the spores are killed, and turning over the soil;

A₄spreading a culture material on the turned soil as a culture bed, and spraying a mixed bacterial liquid A for stimulating the growth of hyphae in the hyphae growth stage after the completion of planting.

The continuous cropping agent is a mixed agent added with a microbial fertilizer, is a product which causes crops to obtain a specific fertilizer effect by the life activity of microorganisms, and is a fertilizer used in agricultural production. The soil conditioner contains microorganisms capable of being used as pesticides for sterilization, and also contains nutrient components, so that the soil fertility can be improved.

Further, the sterilizing solution comprises, by mass, 10-15% of carbon disulfide, 15-30% of dibromoethane, 30-50% of carbon tetrachloride, 20-30% of chloropicrin and 10-15% of methyl bromide, and 1-4% of lime powder is added for mixing, stirring and spraying in real time.

Further, the sterilizing solution comprises, by mass, 14% of carbon disulfide, 16% of ethylene dibromide, 30% of carbon tetrachloride, 27% of chloropicrin, 3% of lime powder and 10% of methyl bromide.

Most of the existing fumigants are toxic substances or have large influence on the environment, the metham fumigant can be directly adopted in the invention, but in order to reduce the influence, the fumigant is prepared by using a medicament with good sterilization effect, low toxicity and low environmental influence, so that the fumigant is more environment-friendly.

Further, the pesticide is a pyrethroid pesticide. The pyrethroid pesticide is a broad-spectrum pesticide, has the characteristics of quick acting, high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue, safety to crops and the like, has special effect on controlling more than 140 pests, and has better control effect on underground pests and mite pests. The action mechanism of the pyrethroid pesticide is similar to that of DDT, and the pyrethroid pesticide interferes with nerve conduction mechanism to kill pests. The pesticide with different insecticidal action mechanisms is mixed with the pesticide for use, so that the generation and development of pest resistance can be greatly delayed. The pesticide composition is prepared from fenvalerate (killing fenamiphos), chrysanthemums missible oil (killing fenamiphos and malathion), omethrin (killing fenamiphos and omethoate), ethofencarb (killing methamidophos), chlormethidathion missible oil (killing fenamiphos) and chlorfenapyr, and has good effects when mixed.

Further, the sporicide is sodium dichloroisocyanurate, and is added into an aqueous solution to be sprayed to kill spores.

Further, the mixed bacteria liquid A comprises photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, actinomycetes and azotobacter.

Further, said step A₁The fumigating process inThe method comprises the following specific steps:

(1.1) firstly, applying enough base fertilizer to the soil, and controlling the soil humidity within 65-80% through detection;

(1.2) digging a film pressing ditch in the soil in the area, and then covering a mulching film on the surface of the soil to form a closed space;

(1.3) mixing the prepared sterilizing solution and the pesticide according to the ratio of 5: 2, mixing and stirring to obtain a fumigant;

(1.4) arranging an evaporator and a liquid storage tank at the built temporary shielding position, and putting the pesticide into the soil in the mulching film by adopting the evaporator through a pesticide feeding pipe;

(1.5) sealing the medicine placing point after the medicine placing is finished and keeping the sealed state for 3-4d, then uncovering the mulching film and ventilating for 4-6d to finish the fumigating process.

Further, the continuous cropping agent is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight of 1: 20, the continuous cropping agent comprises 10-25 percent of NA culture medium containing bacillus thuringiensis, trichoderma harzianum and dermocrea giganteum, 10-15 percent of bacillus subtilis, 15-20 percent of carbendazim, 10-35 percent of urea, 6-20 percent of ammonium phosphate, 7-15 percent of potassium sulfate, 5-15 percent of quintozene, 5-15 percent of zinc sulfate and 5-15 percent of magnesium sulfate according to mass fraction.

Further, the culture material comprises bamboo residues, wood chips and straw residues.

Further, after the cultivation of the bamboo fungus in the previous crop is finished, the step A can be adopted₁-A₃Treating the soil, planting the gramineous crops by water-adding and field-soaking, and performing the step A after harvesting₄。

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention relates to a method for infecting dictyophora indusiata planting flora, which mainly adopts a mode of sterilizing liquid mulching film fumigation, spore killing, dry-wet rotation to physically kill spores, consume organic matters and kill the growth environment of flora, and uses self-made liquid to culture the ecological conditions of flora suitable for the dictyophora indusiata planting environment, thereby providing guarantee for continuous cropping of dictyophora indusiata and breaking through the difficult problem of continuous cropping of dictyophora indusiata.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.