阅读说明：本技术 一种电子束焊接束流垂直度验证及找正方法 (Electron beam welding beam perpendicularity verification and alignment method ) 是由 程立 彭涛 张校宇 卿颖 李晓伟 朱思恒 于 2020-06-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种电子束焊接束流垂直度验证及找正方法,涉及电子束焊接领域。依次包括以下步骤：S1：确定焊接时零件的翻转角度以及电子束的工作距离；S2：将两个L形试片装夹在工装内；S3：在第一层L形试片上进行焊接；S4：进行测量、计算；S5：进行修正并验证修正值,本发明解决了焊接接头在焊接过程中第一层与第二层的焊接误差,避免第二层焊缝会出现焊偏缺陷,大大提高了焊接接头的电子束焊接效率。(The invention discloses a perpendicularity verification and alignment method for an electron beam welding beam, and relates to the field of electron beam welding. The method sequentially comprises the following steps: s1: determining the turnover angle of the part and the working distance of an electron beam during welding; s2: clamping the two L-shaped test pieces in a tool; s3: welding the first layer of L-shaped test piece; s4: measuring and calculating; s5: the method solves the welding error of the first layer and the second layer in the welding process of the welding joint, avoids the welding deviation defect of the welding seam of the second layer, and greatly improves the electron beam welding efficiency of the welding joint.)

1. A perpendicularity verification and alignment method for an electron beam (1) welding beam is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps:

s1: determining the turnover angle of the part and the working distance of the electron beam (1) during welding according to the size and the structure of the part and the accessibility of the electron beam (1);

s2: preparing an L-shaped test piece (2), engraving scale marks (3) on the surface of the L-shaped test piece (2), and then clamping the two L-shaped test pieces (2) in a tool (4);

s3: firstly, two L-shaped test pieces (2) are taken for welding to obtain an electron beam (1) welding parameter, the electron beam (1) parameter requires that the weld joints on the front and back surfaces of the two L-shaped test pieces (2) are well formed, then two L-shaped test pieces (2) of a second group are replaced, and a first scale mark (3) close to the edge is centered on the first layer of L-shaped test pieces (2) for welding;

s4: the inclination direction of the electron beam (1) is judged from the welding line on the reverse side of the L-shaped test piece (2) of the second layer, then the measurement is carried out, the adjacent scale mark (3) on the left side of the welding line is taken as a reference during the measurement, the measurement is carried out along the direction of the transverse scale mark (3), and the width from one side of the welding line to the adjacent scale mark (3) is W₁The width of the other side from the adjacent scale mark (3) is W₂The distance between adjacent scale marks (3) is S; center deviation value OY of weld₁The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:

W₁: one side of the welding line is away from the width of the adjacent scale mark (3);

W₂: the other side of the welding line is away from the width of the adjacent scale mark (3);

s: the distance between adjacent scale marks (3) on the L-shaped test piece (2);

then, the deviation OY of the first layer L-shaped test piece (2) is calculated according to the known data₂Said OY₂The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:

OY₁: a central deviation value of a welding seam;

D₁: the distance between the electron beam (1) and the bottom surface of the first layer of L-shaped test piece (2);

D₂: the distance between the center of the deflection coil (5) and the outlet of the electron beam (1);

D₃: the distance between the bottom surface of the first layer of L-shaped test piece (2) and the bottom surface of the second layer of L-shaped test piece (2);

s5: the deviation OY of the electron beam (1) on the first layer L-shaped test piece (2) to the positive direction of the Y axis is known₂Then, correction is carried out on the first layer of L-shaped test piece (2) and the corrected value is verified:

s5-1: a spot is shot on the upper and lower small beam flows of the first layer of L-shaped test piece (2), and a reference cross line on the observation screen is adjusted to enable the cross point of the reference cross line to be positioned at the center of the spot;

s5-2: moving the mechanical axis Y and moving the deviation value OY in the negative direction of the Y axis₂Then adjusting the reference reticle intersection back to the center of the beam spot;

s5-3: turning on a deflection coil (5), feeding a small beam, and enabling a beam spot to coincide with a cross point of a reference cross line by adjusting Y-direction parameters of the deflection coil (5);

s5-4: obtaining a parameter of a deflection coil (5), welding the electron beam (1) centering the first layer of L-shaped test piece (2) against the third scale mark (3) of the edge after setting the parameter, and measuring the centering effect of the two L-shaped test pieces (2) after welding;

s6: after the correction value is verified on the L-shaped test piece (2), verification is carried out on a simulation piece for simulating the outline of a real part. Before the simulation piece is welded, the scale marks (3) are arranged on the two sides of the butt joint surface, and after the welding is finished, the scale marks (3) are used as reference to observe and measure whether the welding seam deviates from the butt joint surface.

2. The method for verifying and aligning the perpendicularity of the welding beam current of the electron beam (1) according to claim 1, wherein the graduation marks (3) in the step S2 comprise a plurality of sets of parallel scribed lines (31) disposed on the front and back sides of the L-shaped test piece (2) and parallel to the movement track of the electron beam (1), and vertical scribed lines (32) disposed on the front and back sides of the L-shaped test piece (2) and perpendicular to the movement track.

3. The method for verifying and aligning the perpendicularity of the welding beam current of the electron beam (1) according to claim 4, wherein in the step S2, the tool (4) is turned over when the L-shaped test piece (2) is clamped, then the frame-type level meter is used for measuring the clamping surface, the clamping surface is ensured to be parallel to the moving axis by adjusting the rotating shaft, and the L-shaped test piece (2) is clamped after the adjustment is completed, so that the projection overlapping of the two L-shaped test pieces (2) in the direction perpendicular to the welding surface is ensured.

4. The method for verifying and aligning the perpendicularity of the welding beam current of the electron beam (1) according to claim 1, wherein a magnetism isolating cylinder made of mu metal is additionally installed at the outlet of the electron beam (1) before the welding of the L-shaped test piece (2) in the step S3.

5. The method for verifying and aligning the perpendicularity of the welding beam current of the electron beam (1) according to claim 1, wherein the measurement in the step S4 is assisted by using a magnifying glass, and the measurement of the L-shaped test piece (2) is performed by using a magnifying glass with ten times of scales.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of electron beam welding, in particular to a method for verifying and aligning the perpendicularity of an electron beam welding beam.

Background

In the field of aeroengines, a certain type of welding assembly is special in structure, the welding assembly needs to be turned to the position shown in figure 1 during welding, and a large height difference exists between a first layer and a second layer after the welding assembly is turned; if the electron beam, the electrostatic part in the electron beam and each element of the electromagnetic part have assembly precision errors and the influence of an external space magnetic field, a certain included angle exists between the axis of the electron beam and the horizontal plane after the electron beam leaves the electron beam, and then the welding deviation defect occurs in the second layer of welding seams after the first layer of welding seams are welded in a centering mode in the welding process, and the defect is not allowed to exist in aviation welding.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for verifying and aligning the perpendicularity of an electron beam welding beam, which has the following specific technical scheme:

a perpendicularity verification and alignment method for an electron beam welding beam sequentially comprises the following steps:

s1: determining the turnover angle of the part and the working distance of the electron beam during welding according to the size and the structure of the part and the accessibility of the electron beam;

s2: preparing an L-shaped test piece, engraving scale marks on the surface of the L-shaped test piece, and then clamping the two L-shaped test pieces in a tool;

s3: firstly, two L-shaped test pieces are taken for welding to obtain an electron beam welding parameter which requires that weld joints on the front and back surfaces of the two L-shaped test pieces are well formed, then two L-shaped test pieces of a second group are replaced, and a first scale mark close to the edge is welded on the first layer of L-shaped test pieces;

s4: judging the inclination direction of the electron beam from the welding line on the reverse side of the L-shaped test piece on the second layer, measuring along the direction of the transverse scale mark by taking the adjacent scale mark on the left side of the welding line as a reference, wherein the width from one side of the welding line to the adjacent scale mark is W₁The width of the other side from the adjacent scale mark is W₂The distance between adjacent graduation lines is S; center deviation value OY of weld₁The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:

W₁: the distance between one side of the welding line and the adjacent scale mark is wide;

W₂: the other side of the welding line is away from the width of the adjacent scale mark;

s: the distance between adjacent scale marks on the L-shaped test piece;

calculating the deviation OY of the first layer of L-shaped test piece according to the known data₂，OY₂The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:

OY₁: a central deviation value of a welding seam;

D₁: the distance between the electron beam and the bottom surface of the first layer of L-shaped test piece;

D₂: the distance between the center of the deflection coil and the electron beam outlet;

D₃: the distance between the bottom surface of the first layer of L-shaped test piece and the bottom surface of the second layer of L-shaped test piece;

s5: the deviation value OY of the electron beam on the first layer of L-shaped test piece to the positive direction of the Y axis is known₂Then, correction was performed on the first layer of L-shaped test pieces and the corrected value was verified:

s5-1: forming a spot on the upper and lower small beam flows of the first layer of L-shaped test piece, and adjusting a reference cross line on the observation screen to enable the cross point of the reference cross line to be positioned in the center of the spot;

s5-2: moving the mechanical axis Y and moving the deviation value OY in the negative direction of the Y axis₂Then adjusting the reference reticle intersection back to the center of the beam spot;

s5-3: opening a deflection coil, descending a small beam, and enabling a beam spot to be superposed with a cross point of a reference cross line by adjusting Y-direction parameters of the deflection coil;

s5-4: obtaining a parameter of a deflection coil, welding the first layer of L-shaped test piece in the electron beam centering against the third scale mark on the edge after the parameter is set, and measuring the centering effect of the two L-shaped test pieces after the welding is finished;

s6: and after the correction value is verified on the L-shaped test piece, verifying on a simulation piece for simulating the outline of the real part. And before the simulation piece is welded, scale marks are arranged on two sides of the butt joint surface, and after the welding is finished, whether the welding line deviates from the butt joint surface is observed and measured by taking the scale marks as reference.

Preferably, in step S2, the scale marks include a plurality of sets of parallel lines disposed on the front and back sides of the L-shaped test piece and parallel to the movement track of the electron beam, and vertical lines disposed on the front and back sides of the L-shaped test piece and perpendicular to the movement track.

Preferably, in the step S2, the tool is turned over when the L-shaped test piece is clamped, then the frame-type level meter is used to measure the clamping surface, the rotation axis is adjusted to ensure that the clamping surface is parallel to the movement axis, and the L-shaped test piece is clamped after the adjustment is completed to ensure that the projections of the two L-shaped test pieces in the direction perpendicular to the welding surface are overlapped.

Preferably, before the L-shaped test piece is welded in step S3, a magnetism isolating cylinder made of mu metal is added at the electron beam outlet.

Preferably, in step S4, the measurement is assisted by a magnifying glass, and the measurement of the L-shaped test piece is performed by a magnifying glass with ten times scale.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

aiming at the beam perpendicularity control of the welding joint, the beam perpendicularity verification and alignment of the electron beam welding are completed by five steps of determining a working distance, preparing an L-shaped test piece, welding the test piece, measuring a deviation value, calculating a correction value and verifying the correction value, so that the welding error of a first layer and a second layer of the welding joint in the welding process is solved, the welding deviation defect of a welding seam of the second layer is avoided, and the electron beam welding efficiency of the welding joint is greatly improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a weld of a weldment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a weld of the weldment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the welding of the weldment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an L-shaped test piece according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the scale marks of the L-shaped test piece according to the invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the tooling of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the L-shaped test piece and the tooling in the invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a weld on an L-shaped test piece according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 8 at I;

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the offset calculation in the present invention.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.