阅读说明：本技术 烟叶原料 (Tobacco leaf raw material ) 是由 邵泽福 李志达 陈祥红 张振勇 于 2020-07-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及烟草加工技术领域,公开了一种烟叶原料,使用如下步骤制备而成：S1：将待处理烟叶进行去梗操作,然后对去梗后的烟叶施加添加剂,所述添加剂为碳酸钾水溶液；S2：将S1步骤处理后的烟叶进行烘烤,正常装箱储藏即得。该烟叶原料无霉变和虫变现象,具有较好的外观质量、物理特性、化学成分以及评吸质量。(The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco processing, and discloses a tobacco leaf raw material which is prepared by the following steps: s1: carrying out stem removing operation on tobacco leaves to be treated, and then applying an additive to the tobacco leaves after stem removing, wherein the additive is a potassium carbonate aqueous solution; s2: and (6) baking the tobacco leaves processed in the step S1, and normally boxing and storing the tobacco leaves. The tobacco leaf raw material has no mildew and insect phenomena, and has good appearance quality, physical properties, chemical components and smoking quality.)

1. The tobacco raw material is characterized by being prepared by the following steps:

s1: carrying out stem removing operation on raw leaves to be treated, and then applying an additive to the tobacco leaves after stem removing, wherein the additive is a potassium carbonate aqueous solution;

s2: and (6) baking the tobacco leaves processed in the step S1, and normally boxing and storing the tobacco leaves.

2. The tobacco leaf feedstock of claim 1, wherein the aqueous potassium carbonate solution has a concentration of 10wt% to 20 wt%.

3. The tobacco leaf feedstock according to claim 1, wherein the additive is present in an amount of 10-30% by dry weight of the tobacco leaf.

4. The tobacco leaf feedstock according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water in the aqueous potassium carbonate solution is soft water, tap water, pure water or high purity water.

5. The tobacco leaf feedstock according to claim 4, wherein the additive is applied uniformly to the tobacco leaves by spraying.

6. The tobacco leaf feedstock of claim 1, wherein the tobacco leaves are further subjected to a moistening operation prior to the stem removal operation in step S1.

7. The tobacco leaf feedstock of claim 6, wherein the tobacco leaf after the moistening operation has a temperature of 50-70 ℃ and a moisture content of 15-20%.

8. The tobacco leaf feedstock of claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the cured tobacco leaf in the step S2 is between 11% and 13%.

9. The tobacco leaf material according to claim 1, wherein the storage is natural and the storage time is 1-3 years.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco processing, in particular to a tobacco leaf raw material.

Background

Tobacco leaves are the main raw material of cigarettes, and the quality of the tobacco leaves directly influences the quality of the cigarettes. The quality of the tobacco leaves is evaluated mainly by the following aspects: appearance quality, physical properties, chemical composition, and quality of smoke panel. The appearance quality index comprises color, maturity, leaf structure, identity, oil content and chroma; physical property indexes include stem content, leaf surface density, tensile force and balance moisture; the chemical composition index comprises total plant alkali, total nitrogen, total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium, starch, sugar-alkali ratio, nitrogen-alkali ratio and potassium-chlorine ratio; the quality index of smoking evaluation includes aroma quality, aroma amount, miscellaneous gas, irritation and aftertaste. The quality of tobacco leaves is influenced by various aspects of agricultural measures and industrial means, wherein storage is an important link for improving and enhancing the inherent quality and appearance quality of the tobacco leaves. However, there are two major safety risks during the storage of tobacco leaves, which are mildew and insect of tobacco leaves, respectively.

Tobacco leaf mildew is the result of tobacco leaf contamination by mold, which is widely present in tobacco leaves, cut tobacco, and the air in the environment in which the tobacco leaves and cut tobacco are stored. Under proper environmental conditions, the mold absorbs moisture, sugar, protein and other nutrients of the tobacco leaves to grow and propagate, so that the tobacco leaves and the tobacco shreds are mildewed and deteriorated. The baked tobacco flakes are easy to mildew after undergoing a high-temperature and high-humidity stage in summer within a storage period of 1-2 years. After the tobacco flakes are mildewed, the original fragrance disappears, the quality is reduced, the use value is lost, the seriously mildewed tobacco leaves even can generate toxin, and the potential safety hazard is brought to the smoking of consumers. Therefore, the mildew resistance of the tobacco lamina during the storage period becomes an important research subject. At present, the prevention and treatment means of mildew of tobacco lamina mainly comprise physical prevention and treatment, chemical prevention and treatment and biological prevention and treatment. (1) Physical control: by physical means, the method of controlled atmosphere technology, irradiation, electromagnetic wave, laser, freezing, drying and the like is used for inhibiting, passivating or killing pathogens, so that the purpose of mildew prevention is achieved. However, the above means need special instruments and have high requirements on storage conditions; (2) chemical control: a method for inhibiting mold growth by using chemicals (mold inhibitor). The additives mainly used at present are benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, propionic acid, dimethyl fumarate and the like. But the safety, limited use, influence on the cigarette taste and the like of chemical mildew resistance limit the popularization of the means; (3) biological control: the antagonistic action of certain microorganisms on the mold is utilized to inhibit the growth of the mold, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the mold quantity. However, changing the microbial source population and quantity, even introducing exogenous microbes, can affect the quality of the tobacco leaves, and even bring about the safety problem of the tobacco leaves.

The tobacco beetles are the main sources of insect changes of tobacco leaves, belong to the family of Coleoptera larkspura, are worldwide tobacco storage pests at present and are also important tobacco storage pests in China. The tobacco has wide food habits and is harmful to tobacco, tea, cereals, beans, dried jujubes, oil plants, animal and plant specimens, cocoa beans, leather, rattan products and the like, and particularly the tobacco products are seriously damaged. Tobacco beetles are particularly preferred to the tobacco leaves being stored, with the greatest loss of tobacco leaves during storage, severely impacting their availability. After the storage is finished, the tobacco nails enter the interior of the finished cigarette, eat the tobacco shreds, and penetrate the cigarette paper, so that the serious quality accident of the cigarette is finally caused. At present, people adopt a plurality of methods to prevent and treat the tobacco nails, including biological prevention and treatment, physical prevention and treatment, chemical prevention and treatment and the like, but various prevention and treatment technologies have certain defects at present. Biological control technologies, such as pathogenic microorganism control, are easy to introduce other exogenous organisms, and increase the risk of smoking tobacco products; physical control technologies, such as controlled atmosphere control, have certain requirements on tobacco storage warehouses, and have high one-time investment cost and complex operation; the traditional chemical prevention and control technologies such as aluminum phosphide fumigation and the like have great harm to human bodies and do not belong to the green environment-friendly tobacco nail prevention and control technology.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects that the quality of the prepared self-made cigarette is poor due to mildew and worm deformation of tobacco leaf raw materials in the storage process, and provides a high-quality tobacco leaf raw material which has no worm and mildew problems and has good appearance quality, physical properties, chemical components and sensory quality.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a tobacco leaf raw material which is prepared by the following steps: s1: carrying out stem removing operation on raw leaves to be treated, and then applying an additive to the tobacco leaves after stem removing, wherein the additive is a potassium carbonate aqueous solution; s2: and (5) baking the tobacco leaves processed in the step S1, and normally boxing and storing the tobacco leaves after baking.

Preferably, the amount of said additive is 10% -30% of the dry weight of said tobacco leaves.

Preferably, the water in the aqueous potassium carbonate solution is selected from soft water, tap water, pure water or high purity water.

Preferably, the additive is uniformly applied to the tobacco leaves by spraying.

Preferably, before the stem removing operation in the step S1, the tobacco leaves are subjected to a wetting operation.

Preferably, the temperature of the tobacco leaves after the wetting operation is 50-70 ℃, and the water content is 15-20%.

Preferably, the moisture content of the cured tobacco leaves in the step S2 is 11% -13%.

Preferably, the alcoholization is natural alcoholization with alcoholization time ranging from 1 to 3 years.

The tobacco leaf raw material is prepared by applying an additive taking potassium carbonate as a main component to tobacco leaves after the tobacco leaf raw material is subjected to stem removing operation, then performing baking operation, and then normally boxing and storing. Through detection, the probability of mildew and insect change of the tobacco raw material prepared by the method during storage is greatly reduced, the safety of tobacco storage is improved, and the storage quality of the tobacco is improved, so that the obtained tobacco raw material has high appearance quality, physical properties, chemical components and smoking quality.

Compared with the prior art, the scheme provided by the invention has the following advantages:

(1) the additive used by the tobacco raw material can be automatically applied by a machine in the baking link, so that the industrial operation is facilitated; (2) the storage and storage environment of the tobacco raw materials does not need special transformation, and the tobacco boxes are stacked to facilitate sampling, so that the daily tobacco leaves can be conveniently checked and maintained; (3) the potassium carbonate in the additive used by the tobacco leaf raw material belongs to food-grade additives, is harmless to human bodies, and is an environment-friendly inorganic salt.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a photograph of mold colonies in tobacco leaf material of example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a photograph of mold colonies in tobacco leaf material of example 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a photograph of mold colonies in the tobacco leaf material of comparative example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a photograph of mold colonies in the tobacco leaf material of comparative example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a picture of the appearance of tobacco leaf material of example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a picture of the appearance of tobacco leaf material of example 4 of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a picture of the appearance of a tobacco leaf material of comparative example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a photograph showing the appearance of the tobacco raw material of comparative example 2 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

The invention provides a tobacco leaf raw material which is prepared by the following steps: s1: carrying out stem removing operation on raw leaves to be treated, and then applying an additive to the tobacco leaves after stem removing, wherein the additive is a potassium carbonate aqueous solution; s2: and (5) baking the tobacco leaves processed in the step S1, and normally boxing and storing the tobacco leaves after baking. The additive is applied to the tobacco leaves in the baking link for pretreatment, so that the additive can fully play a role in the subsequent storage process, the tobacco leaves are effectively prevented from being damaged by insects and mildewed, the used potassium carbonate solution is food-grade green environment-friendly inorganic salt, is harmless to human bodies, and is simple and convenient to operate and beneficial to industrial production.

In the present invention, the concentration of the potassium carbonate aqueous solution may be 10wt% to 20wt%, specifically, for example, 10wt%, 12wt%, 14wt%, 16wt%, 18wt%, or 20 wt%. The potassium carbonate is used as an effective component in the additive, the concentration of the potassium carbonate is increased to a certain extent, the anti-mildew and anti-insect effects are increased, but the concentration is not too high, otherwise, the chemical components of the prepared tobacco flakes are affected, and the smoking quality is reduced; on the other hand, the concentration is too low, which cannot achieve good anti-mildew and anti-insect effects.

In the present invention, the additive may be used in an amount of 10 to 30% by dry weight of the tobacco leaves, and specifically, for example, may be 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or 30%.

In the present invention, the water in the potassium carbonate aqueous solution is soft water, tap water, pure water or high-purity water. The water has no special effect and is only used as a diluent to prevent the high-concentration potassium carbonate from directly acting on the tobacco leaves to cause the damage of the tobacco leaves.

In the present invention, the application mode of the additive is not particularly limited, and the uniformity of application is ensured, and may be selected from conventional modes in the art, for example, the additive may be uniformly applied to the tobacco leaves by spraying.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, before the stem removing operation in the step S1, a wetting operation is performed on the tobacco leaves, wherein the temperature of the tobacco leaves after the wetting operation is 50 to 70 ℃, and the moisture content is 15 to 20%. The wetting operation is closely related to the quality, the quality is good or bad, and more than half of the factors depend on the moisture content of the tobacco leaves. The moisture content of the tobacco leaves is too low, the tobacco leaves are crisp, and the degree of breakage of the tobacco leaves can be increased by tearing and beating the tobacco leaves by high-speed operation of the machine; however, the mechanical strength of the tobacco leaves is weakened by excessively high moisture content, and the large pieces are reduced by the small leaves. Too much water often causes equipment blockage, increases the leaf content in the stems, and in addition, the wetting temperature and the water can not be held properly, thereby sometimes changing the color of the tobacco leaves, generating water stain smoke of steamed slices and increasing the baking processing difficulty. Therefore, the moisture and the temperature of the finished product can be well controlled, so that the blade structure, the chip yield and the moisture quality of finished products in boxes can be effectively improved.

In the invention, the moisture content of the tobacco leaves after baking in the step S2 is 11-13%.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the storage is natural and the storage time is 1 to 3 years, and may be, for example, 1 year, 1.5 years, 2 years, 2.5 years or 3 years. The process promotes physiological and biochemical changes of the tobacco leaves, changes and improves the quality of the tobacco leaves, and achieves the best smoking effect. Compared with artificial fermentation, the natural storage can better improve the quality of the tobacco leaves.

The present invention will be described in detail by examples, wherein two common types of lamina are selected in the following examples, namely maryland lamina and sun-cured lamina (smoking taste is the most direct side of the cigarette product presented to the consumer and is also an important factor influencing whether the consumer continuously consumes the cigarette, the cigarette taste is influenced by multiple factors, formula leaf group and flavor blending are two major factors influencing the cigarette taste, sun-cured tobacco, maryland, spice tobacco and flue-cured tobacco are mostly adopted as main leaf groups of the cigarette product in general blended cigarettes, and sun-cured tobacco and maryland tobacco have important influence on the sensory evaluation of the cigarette, so maryland lamina and sun-cured lamina are adopted as tobacco leaves in the embodiments listed in the present invention), and the embodiments and tests of the present invention are carried out.

Preparation example

A certain amount of potassium carbonate was weighed and dissolved in soft water to prepare 10wt% and 20wt% aqueous solutions of potassium carbonate, respectively.