阅读说明：本技术 锥形壳体纤维缠绕成型工装及其等厚度缠绕成型方法 (Conical shell fiber winding forming tool and equal-thickness winding forming method thereof ) 是由 祖磊 肖康 张骞 张桂明 王华毕 李德宝 韩磊 文茂永 金书明 于 2020-04-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种锥形壳体纤维缠绕成型工装及其等厚度缠绕成型方法,该锥形壳体纤维缠绕成型工装包括金属支撑轴、锥形芯模和辅助工装,所述金属支撑轴固定安装于锥形芯模大径端面的中心处,所述辅助工装可拆卸地连接于锥形芯模小径端部,所述金属支撑轴、锥形芯模和辅助工装同轴线设置；该锥形壳体等厚度缠绕成型方法,主要包括以下步骤：S10：设计缠绕路径；S20：编制加工程序；S30试机缠绕；S40：纤维湿法缠绕；S50：小端圆弧面造型；S60：加热固化成型。本发明可实现大角度圆锥表面上缠绕时各部位的厚度均匀性,避免厚度堆积,以满足对电磁波信号的透波要求；制作效率更高、成本更低,结构简单、工艺简便。(The invention discloses a conical shell fiber winding forming tool and an equal-thickness winding forming method thereof, wherein the conical shell fiber winding forming tool comprises a metal support shaft, a conical core mold and an auxiliary tool, the metal support shaft is fixedly arranged at the center of the large-diameter end face of the conical core mold, the auxiliary tool is detachably connected to the small-diameter end part of the conical core mold, and the metal support shaft, the conical core mold and the auxiliary tool are coaxially arranged; the equal-thickness winding forming method of the conical shell mainly comprises the following steps of: s10: designing a winding path; s20: programming a processing program; s30 trial winding; s40: winding the fibers by a wet method; s50: molding a small end arc surface; s60: and (4) heating, curing and forming. The invention can realize the thickness uniformity of each part when the large-angle conical surface is wound, and avoid thickness accumulation so as to meet the wave-transparent requirement of electromagnetic wave signals; the manufacturing efficiency is higher, the cost is lower, the structure is simple, and the process is simple and convenient.)

1. The utility model provides a toper casing fibre winding shaping frock which characterized in that: including metal back shaft (1), toper mandrel (2) and auxiliary fixtures (3), metal back shaft (1) fixed mounting is in the center department of toper mandrel (2) big footpath terminal surface, auxiliary fixtures (3) detachably connect in toper mandrel (2) path tip, metal back shaft (1), toper mandrel (2) and auxiliary fixtures (3) coaxial line set up.

2. The conical shell fiber winding forming tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the auxiliary tool (3) is of a hollow cylinder structure, the outer diameter size of the auxiliary tool is the same as that of the small-diameter end of the conical core mold (2), and the auxiliary tool is fastened to the small-diameter end of the conical core mold (2) through bolts.

3. The equal-thickness winding forming method of the conical shell based on the fiber winding forming tool of the conical shell as claimed in claim 1 or 2 mainly comprises the following steps:

s10: the corresponding fiber winding angle variation is designed according to the size of the formed conical shell: the winding angle change formula of the fiber on the conical core mold for realizing uniform thickness is

s20: according to the change of the integral winding angle, a central angle equation and a corresponding winding mathematical model are combined, and an equation of each axis track of the winding machine is established through the conversion of a dynamic coordinate system and a static coordinate system and is converted into a G code file suitable for a winding machine system for forming of a numerical control processing winding machine;

s30: assembling the molding tool, clamping the molding tool on a winding machine, and inputting the generated G code processing program into the winding machine for linear trial winding;

s40: preparing an epoxy resin solution, placing the epoxy resin solution in a glue groove of a winding machine, enabling a glass fiber yarn bundle on a creel to pass through the glue groove and be wound on a conical core die under the guide of a yarn guide nozzle, and repeatedly winding for many times to reach the required shell thickness to form a conical shell blank;

s50: removing the auxiliary tool at the small-diameter end part of the conical core mold, and molding the composite material at the small-diameter end part of the conical core mold by using an arc mold, so as to form an arc surface at the small conical end part of the conical shell blank;

s60: and (3) putting the conical shell blank and the conical core mould into a curing furnace, heating and curing, removing the conical core mould after curing is finished, and carrying out proper processing treatment on the small conical end of the conical shell blank to obtain the final conical shell with the equal thickness.

4. The equal thickness winding forming method of conical shell according to claim 3, characterized in that: in step S10, the winding path of the fiber changes from 90 ° to 55 ° from the large diameter end to the small diameter end of the tapered core mold, and from 55 ° to 90 ° from the small diameter end to the end of the auxiliary tool.

5. The equal thickness winding forming method of conical shell according to claim 3, characterized in that: in step S40, the epoxy resin solution is prepared by mixing an epoxy resin and a curing agent in a mass ratio of 100: 108 are mixed evenly.

6. The equal thickness winding forming method of conical shell according to claim 3, characterized in that: in step S60, the curing temperature is not higher than 120 ℃ and the curing time is not lower than 4.5 h.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fiber winding forming of composite material products, in particular to a conical shell fiber winding forming tool and an equal-thickness winding forming method thereof.

Background

The radome mainly plays a role in protecting the antenna equipment from normal operation, and also ensures the electrical performance and the maneuvering performance of the aircraft. The radome is generally integrally formed by adopting an insulating non-metallic material, the glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material is a radar radome material which is widely applied, the application frequency band of the radome material is mainly within the range of 10GHz, other reinforcements mainly comprise quartz fibers, graphite fibers and aramid fibers, and a matrix can adopt polyester, epoxy, cyanate ester resin and the like.

At present, most of the radomes developed and produced by the radomes in China adopt a compression molding or weaving forming method to prepare the radome, and the radome is widely applied to the fields of civil aviation, meteorology, national defense and the like.

The fiber winding forming technology has the advantage of high efficiency, and the traditional fiber winding forming technology has the defects that the thickness is not uniform when the angle of the geodesic wire is wound on the conical core mold, and the wave transmission performance of electromagnetic waves is seriously influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a conical shell fiber winding forming tool and an equal-thickness winding forming method thereof, which can realize the thickness uniformity of each part when winding on the surface of a large-angle cone, avoid thickness accumulation and meet the wave-transmitting requirement of electromagnetic wave signals and have the characteristics of high forming efficiency, simple process and low cost.

In order to realize the effect, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the utility model provides a toper casing fibre winding shaping frock, includes metal back shaft, toper mandrel and auxiliary fixtures, metal back shaft fixed mounting is in the center department of the big footpath terminal surface of toper mandrel, auxiliary fixtures detachably connects in toper mandrel path tip, metal back shaft, toper mandrel and auxiliary fixtures coaxial line set up.

Furthermore, the auxiliary tool is of a hollow cylinder structure, the outer diameter of the auxiliary tool is the same as the diameter of the small-diameter end of the conical core mold, and the auxiliary tool is fastened to the small-diameter end of the conical core mold through bolts.

The equal-thickness winding forming method of the conical shell based on the fiber winding forming tool of the conical shell is also provided, and mainly comprises the following steps:

s10: the corresponding fiber winding angle variation is designed according to the size of the formed conical shell: the winding angle change formula of the fiber on the conical core mold for realizing uniform thickness isA winding path of the fiber on the auxiliary tool adopts a non-geodesic winding angle;

s20: according to the change of the integral winding angle, a central rotation angle equation and a corresponding winding mathematical model are combined, the track equation of each shaft of the winding machine is established through the conversion of a dynamic coordinate system and a static coordinate system, the yarn guide nozzle of the winding machine keeps an equal distance with the surface of a core mold, and an absolute coordinate point obtained by solving the motion track of the yarn guide nozzle is converted into a G code file suitable for a winding machine system and used for forming of a numerical control winding machine;

s30: assembling the molding tool, clamping the molding tool on a winding machine, and inputting the generated G code processing program into the winding machine for linear trial winding;

s40: preparing an epoxy resin solution, placing the epoxy resin solution in a glue groove of a winding machine, enabling a glass fiber yarn bundle on a creel to pass through the glue groove and be wound on a conical core die under the guide of a yarn guide nozzle, and repeatedly winding for many times to reach the required shell thickness to form a conical shell blank;

s50: removing the auxiliary tool at the small-diameter end part of the conical core mold, and molding the composite material at the small-diameter end part of the conical core mold by using an arc mold, so as to form an arc surface at the small conical end part of the conical shell blank;

s60: and (3) putting the conical shell blank and the conical core mould into a curing furnace, heating and curing, removing the conical core mould after curing is finished, and carrying out proper processing treatment on the small conical end of the conical shell blank to obtain the final conical shell with the equal thickness.

Further, in step S10, the winding path of the fiber is changed from the winding angle corresponding to the large diameter end to the small diameter end of the tapered core mold to 90 ° to 55 °, and the winding angle corresponding to the small diameter end of the tapered core mold to the end of the auxiliary tool is changed to 55 ° to 90 °.

Further, in step S40, the epoxy resin solution is prepared by mixing an epoxy resin and a curing agent according to a mass ratio of 100: 108 are mixed evenly.

Further, in step S60, the curing temperature is not higher than 120 ℃, and the curing time is not lower than 4.5 h.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, the surface of the conical shell fiber winding forming tool is formed by winding with equal thickness, so that the thickness uniformity of each part when the conical surface is wound can be realized, the thickness accumulation is avoided, and the wave-transmitting requirement of electromagnetic wave signals is met;

2. compared with other forming modes, the equal-thickness winding forming method has the advantages of higher efficiency, lower cost, simple structure and simple and convenient process.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a conical shell fiber winding forming tool and a winding path according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a conical shell formed by winding with equal thickness according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a process flow chart of the equal thickness winding forming of the conical shell fiber winding forming of the invention.

In the figure: the method comprises the following steps of 1, a metal supporting shaft, 2, a conical core mold, 3 auxiliary tools and 4 winding paths.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention easier to understand by those skilled in the art, and thus will clearly and clearly define the scope of the invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the conical shell fiber winding forming tool comprises a metal support shaft 1, a conical core mold 2 and an auxiliary tool 3, wherein the metal support shaft 1 is fixedly installed at the center of the large-diameter end face of the conical core mold 2, the auxiliary tool 3 is detachably connected to the small-diameter end portion of the conical core mold 2, and the metal support shaft 1, the conical core mold 2 and the auxiliary tool 3 are coaxially arranged.

In this embodiment, the metal support shaft 1 and the tapered core mold 2 are integrated into a single structure, or are fixedly connected by any means such as welding, threaded connection, interference insertion fit, and the like, and the auxiliary tool 3 is fastened to the small-diameter end of the tapered core mold 2 by a bolt at the center of the end face.

The auxiliary tool 3 is of a hollow cylinder structure, and the outer diameter of the auxiliary tool is the same as the diameter of the small-diameter end of the conical core mold 2, so that the surface of the auxiliary tool 3 can be continuously connected with the surface of the conical core mold 2. In this embodiment, the taper core mold 2 has a large end diameter of 300mm, a small end diameter of 30mm, and a horizontal length of 500 mm. The external diameter of auxiliary fixtures is 30mm, and length is 50 mm.

Referring to fig. 3, the method for forming a tapered shell by winding with equal thickness based on the tapered shell fiber winding forming tool mainly includes the following steps:

s10: the corresponding fiber winding angle variation is designed according to the size of the formed conical shell: the winding angle change formula of the fiber on the conical core mold for realizing uniform thickness is

Wherein R is₀Is a coneMandrel major end diameter, α₀The winding angle of the big end of the conical core mould is r is the diameter of each point of the conical core mould, α is the winding angle corresponding to each point of the core mould, and the winding path of the fiber on the auxiliary tool adopts a non-geodesic winding angle.

The winding angle refers to the included angle between the projection line of the fiber winding path on the plane of the axis and the axis. In this embodiment, the fibers are wound from the large diameter end of the tapered mandrel 2, and the winding angle corresponding to the start is 90 °; when the fiber is continuously wound from the large diameter end to the small diameter end of the tapered core mold 2, the winding angle decreases as the diameter of the tapered core mold 2 becomes smaller, and the winding angle at the small diameter end of the tapered core mold 2 is 55 °, that is, the winding angle of the fiber on the entire surface of the tapered core mold 2 is changed to 90 ° to 55 °. The winding angle of the fiber on the auxiliary tool is changed to 55-90 degrees, so that the winding angle of the fiber on the whole core mold is changed to 90-55-90 degrees.

S20: according to the change of the integral winding angle, a central rotation angle equation and a corresponding motion winding mathematical model are combined, an equation suitable for each axis track of a four-axis winding machine is established through conversion of a dynamic coordinate system and a static coordinate system, a yarn guide nozzle of the winding machine keeps an equal distance with the surface of a core mold, and an absolute coordinate point obtained by solving the motion track of the yarn guide nozzle is converted into a G code file suitable for a winding machine system and used for forming of a numerical control winding machine.

S30: assembling the forming tool, clamping the forming tool on a winding machine, inputting a generated G code processing program into the winding machine, and performing linear test winding by adopting two strands of fiber yarns;

s40: preparing an epoxy resin solution, placing the epoxy resin solution in a glue groove of a winding machine, enabling glass fibers on a creel to pass through the glue groove and be wound on a conical core die under the guide of a yarn guide nozzle, and repeatedly winding the glass fibers back and forth for multiple times until the required shell thickness is achieved to form a conical shell blank;

in this embodiment, the epoxy resin solution is prepared by mixing an epoxy resin and a curing agent in a mass ratio of 100: 108 are mixed evenly.

Before the fiber winding forming, a layer of demoulding cloth is stuck on the surface of the conical core mould, so that the demoulding operation of the conical core mould 2 and the conical shell body manufactured by forming is convenient after the forming processing is finished, and a scraper is needed to scrape off redundant resin solution in each winding process. In this embodiment, the number of fiber winding layers of the conical shell is 20, and the thickness of the conical shell is 5 mm.

S50: removing the auxiliary tool at the small-diameter end part of the conical core mold, and molding the composite material at the small-diameter end part of the conical core mold by using an arc mold, so as to form an arc surface at the small conical end part of the conical shell blank;

specifically, the composite material at the small end of the conical shell is molded through an arc-shaped mold, redundant material is cut off, and the process is repeated for multiple times, so that an arc surface is formed at the small end of the conical shell, the mold with the same size as the outer surface at the small end of the conical shell is pressed on the arc surface, and the mold is fixedly connected to the small-diameter end of the conical core mold 2 through a bolt, so that the shape of the small end of the conical shell is kept.

S60: and (3) putting the conical shell blank and the conical core mould into a curing furnace, heating and curing, removing the conical core mould after curing is finished, and carrying out proper processing treatment on the small conical end of the conical shell blank to obtain the final conical shell with the equal thickness.

In the step, the curing temperature is not higher than 120 ℃, and the curing time is not lower than 4.5 h. The concrete curing technical parameters are as follows: heating to 80 deg.C at room temperature for 10min, maintaining at 100 deg.C for 1h, heating to 100 deg.C from 80 deg.C for 10min, maintaining at 100 deg.C for 1h, heating to 120 deg.C from 100 deg.C for 10min, maintaining at 120 deg.C for 2h, and naturally cooling.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.