Environmental protection handcart for building engineering

文档序号:1150897 发布日期:2020-09-15 浏览:25次 中文

阅读说明:本技术 一种建筑工程用环保手推车 (Environmental protection handcart for building engineering ) 是由 梁远笑 于 2020-06-23 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明公开了一种建筑工程用环保手推车,包括车厢、侧柱、车架和行走轮,所述车架的顶端铰接有车厢,所述车厢内部两端的底部均固定连接有第二卡块,且第二卡块的顶部固定连接有过滤板,所述过滤板顶部的两端均固定连接有把手,所述车架底部的两端均固定连接有行走轮,所述车架底部的一侧设置有支撑结构,所述车架顶部的两端均固定连接有侧柱,且侧柱的一端均设置有固定结构,所述固定结构包括有安装块、第一卡块、预留孔、固定柱、固定块和卡槽。本发明通过在第二卡块的顶端固定连接有过滤板,过滤板可以对垃圾进行过滤,使垃圾内的液体收集到车厢的底端,避免在收集垃圾的过程中垃圾内的液体溅落,溅到使用者的非常影响使用体验。(The invention discloses an environment-friendly trolley for constructional engineering, which comprises a carriage, side columns, a frame and travelling wheels, wherein the top end of the frame is hinged with the carriage, the bottoms of two ends in the carriage are fixedly connected with a second clamping block, the top of the second clamping block is fixedly connected with a filter plate, two ends of the top of the filter plate are fixedly connected with handles, two ends of the bottom of the frame are fixedly connected with the travelling wheels, one side of the bottom of the frame is provided with a supporting structure, two ends of the top of the frame are fixedly connected with the side columns, one end of each side column is provided with a fixing structure, and each fixing structure comprises an installation block, a first clamping block, a reserved hole, a fixing column, a fixing block and a clamping groove. According to the garbage collecting device, the filter plate is fixedly connected to the top end of the second clamping block, the filter plate can filter garbage, so that liquid in the garbage is collected to the bottom end of the carriage, and the phenomenon that the liquid in the garbage splashes down and splashes to a user in the garbage collecting process to affect the use experience is avoided.)

1. The utility model provides an environmental protection handcart for building engineering, includes carriage (1), side post (2), frame (4) and walking wheel (6), its characterized in that: the top end of the frame (4) is hinged with a carriage (1), the bottoms of two ends inside the carriage (1) are fixedly connected with a second clamping block (9), the top of the second clamping block (9) is fixedly connected with a filter plate (7), two ends of the top of the filter plate (7) are fixedly connected with handles (8), two ends of the bottom of the frame (4) are fixedly connected with walking wheels (6), one side of the bottom of the frame (4) is provided with a supporting structure (5), two ends of the top of the frame (4) are fixedly connected with side columns (2), one end of each side column (2) is provided with a fixed structure (3), each fixed structure (3) comprises a mounting block (301), a first clamping block (302), a preformed hole (303), a fixed column (304), a fixed block (305) and a clamping groove (306), and the fixed block (305) is hinged at one end of each side column (2), the inside of fixed block (305) one side all is provided with preformed hole (303), and the equal swing joint in inside of preformed hole (303) has fixed column (304), the one end of fixed column (304) all is provided with first fixture block (302), the equal fixedly connected with installation piece (301) of one end of fixed column (304), and the inside of installation piece (301) all is provided with draw-in groove (306).

2. The environmental friendly cart for construction engineering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outer diameter of the first fixture block (302) is smaller than the inner diameter of the clamping groove (306), and a clamping structure is formed between the first fixture block (302) and the clamping groove (306).

3. The environmental friendly cart for construction engineering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: one side of the fixed block (305) is hinged to the side column (2), and a rotating structure is formed between the side column (2) and the fixed block (305).

4. The environmental friendly cart for construction engineering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: support structure (5) are including handle (501), support column (502), supporting pad (503) and reset spring (504), supporting pad (503) articulates the both ends in frame (4) bottom one side, the equal fixedly connected with support column (502) in bottom of supporting pad (503), one side fixedly connected with handle (501) of supporting pad (503), the equal fixedly connected with reset spring (504) of opposite side of supporting pad (503).

5. The environmental friendly cart for construction engineering as claimed in claim 4, wherein: one end of the return spring (504) is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the frame (4), and a contraction structure is formed between the return spring (504) and the supporting pad (503).

6. The environmental friendly cart for construction engineering as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the lifting handle (501) is fixed on supporting pads (503) on two sides, and the supporting pads (503) are symmetrically distributed around the vertical center line of the frame (4).

7. The environmental friendly cart for construction engineering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the top fixedly connected with filter (7) of second fixture block (9) for the realization is to the filtration separation of liquid rubbish and solid rubbish, and still includes before the filtration separation:

a filter screen, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor and a controller are arranged in the filter plate (7), wherein the first pressure sensor is arranged on the first layer of filter screen, and the second pressure sensor is arranged on the second layer of filter screen;

the cleaning device is arranged outside the filter plate (7);

the first and second wrong and missed alarm systems are arranged on the outer surface of the environment-friendly trolley;

wherein, the controller is connected with the pressure sensor, the error and leakage alarm system, the separator and the cleaning device;

based on a first pressure sensor, acquiring a first pressure value of the solid waste which can be received by a first layer of filter screen in the filter plate (17);

based on the first pressure value of first layer filter screen, detect whether filter (17) take place the mistake and leak, its detection step includes:

providing an external power supply for the environment-friendly trolley, and opening the supporting pad (503) to support the carriage (1);

meanwhile, starting a garbage collection program, and acquiring a second pressure value of the solid garbage staying on the first layer of filter screen through a controller when the liquid garbage and the solid garbage pass through the filter plate (7);

comparing the second pressure value with the first pressure value based on the first layer of filter screen;

if the second pressure value of the first layer of filter screen is smaller than the first pressure value, collecting the liquid garbage to the bottom end of the carriage (1);

otherwise, starting the first missing alarm system to alarm, and simultaneously acquiring a third pressure value of the missing solid particles in the solid garbage on the second layer of the filter screen based on the second pressure sensor;

comparing the third pressure value with a preset pressure value based on the second layer of filter screen;

based on the comparison result, if the third pressure value of the second layer of filter screen is smaller than the preset pressure value, the liquid garbage is continuously collected to the bottom end of the carriage (1);

if the third pressure value of the second layer of filter screen is greater than or equal to the preset pressure value, starting a second error and leakage alarm system;

based on the second error and leakage alarm information, the filter plate (17) is judged to be blocked, and the cleaning device is started based on the controller to clean the filter plate.

8. The environmental friendly cart for construction engineering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: after garbage collection is finished, kicking the return spring (504), and determining the kicking timing of the return spring (504) based on the deformation of the return spring (504), wherein the kicking timing comprises the following specific steps:

extracting a first deformation of the current return spring (504) based on the garbage collection;

wherein the content of the first and second substances,1is the first deformation of the return spring, lambda is the elastic coefficient of the return spring, D is the radius of the return spring, n is a randomly selected constant, and the value range is [1,5 ]],The bending deformation parameter of the reset spring is F, the axial force of the reset spring is F, and the tangent variable of the reset spring is G;

comparing a first deformation amount of the return spring (504) with a preset deformation threshold value of the return spring (504);

based on the comparison result, if the first deformation of the return spring (504) is larger than or equal to the deformation threshold, the return spring (504) is kicked to discharge the garbage;

if the first deformation of the return spring (504) is smaller than the deformation threshold, continuously collecting the garbage, and continuously extracting the second deformation of the return spring (504)2

The second deformation of the return spring (504) is obtained on the basis of the first deformation of the return spring (504);

Figure FDA0002552520340000041

l=l2-l1

wherein the content of the first and second substances,2to a second deformation of the return spring,/1Is the initial position of the return spring,/2For the end position of the return spring after collection of waste, l ═ l2-l1Is a curved path of the return spring;

continuing to compare the second amount of deformation of the return spring (504) to a deformation threshold;

determining a kick timing of the return spring (504) based on the comparison;

based on the kicking opportunity, a kicking signal is transmitted to a controller to kick the reset spring (504), and meanwhile, the supporting pad (503) is started to fix the carriage (1), so that the garbage is discharged.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of constructional engineering, in particular to an environment-friendly trolley for constructional engineering.

Background

Along with the development of society, the building trade also improves along with the development of society constantly, and aesthetic property and quality promote constantly, and the efficiency of building the building also promotes gradually, when carrying out the building construction, can produce a lot of building rubbish and domestic waste, if these rubbish is not in time cleared up, will cause environmental pollution, influence construction environment, so a lot of building sites all can set up the handcart and clear up these rubbish:

traditional environmental protection handcart because the unloading of being not convenient for, rubbish can't in time carry out the ejection of compact when using, and it is very inconvenient to use, and work efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an environment-friendly trolley for construction engineering, which aims to solve the problem of inconvenient blanking in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an environment-friendly trolley for construction engineering comprises a carriage body, side columns, a trolley frame and travelling wheels, wherein the top end of the trolley frame is hinged with the carriage body, the bottoms of the two ends of the inside of the carriage body are fixedly connected with second clamping blocks, the tops of the second clamping blocks are fixedly connected with a filtering plate, the two ends of the top of the filtering plate are fixedly connected with handles, the two ends of the bottom of the trolley frame are fixedly connected with the travelling wheels, one side of the bottom of the trolley frame is provided with a supporting structure, the two ends of the top of the trolley frame are fixedly connected with the side columns, one end of each side column is provided with a fixing structure, each fixing structure comprises a mounting block, a first clamping block, a reserved hole, a fixing column, a fixing block and a clamping groove, the fixing block is hinged with one end of each side column, the inside of one side of each fixing block is provided with a reserved hole, the equal fixedly connected with installation piece of one end of fixed column, and the inside of installation piece all is provided with the draw-in groove.

Preferably, the outer diameter of the first clamping block is smaller than the inner diameter of the clamping groove, and a clamping structure is formed between the first clamping block and the clamping groove.

Preferably, one side of the fixing block is hinged to the side column, and a rotating structure is formed between the side column and the fixing block.

Preferably, bearing structure is including handle, support column, supporting pad and reset spring, the supporting pad articulates the both ends in frame bottom one side, the equal fixedly connected with support column in bottom of supporting pad, one side fixedly connected with handle of supporting pad, the equal fixedly connected with reset spring of opposite side of supporting pad.

Preferably, one end of the return spring is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the frame, and a contraction structure is formed between the return spring and the supporting pad.

Preferably, the handle is fixed on support pads on two sides, and the support pads are symmetrically distributed about a vertical center line of the frame.

Preferably, the top fixedly connected with filter plate of second fixture block for the realization is to the filtration separation of liquid rubbish and solid rubbish, and still includes before the filtration separation:

a filter screen, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor and a controller are arranged in the filter plate, wherein the first pressure sensor is arranged on the first layer of filter screen, and the second pressure sensor is arranged on the second layer of filter screen;

the cleaning device is arranged outside the filter plate;

the first and second wrong and missed alarm systems are arranged on the outer surface of the environment-friendly trolley;

wherein, the controller is connected with the pressure sensor, the error and leakage alarm system, the separator and the cleaning device;

based on a first pressure sensor, acquiring a first pressure value of the solid garbage which can be received by a first layer of filter screen in the filter plates;

based on the first pressure value of first layer filter screen, detect whether the filter takes place the mistake and leaks, its detection step includes:

providing an external power supply for the environment-friendly trolley, and opening the supporting pad to support the carriage;

meanwhile, starting a garbage collection program, and acquiring a second pressure value of the solid garbage staying on the first layer of filter screen through a controller when the liquid garbage and the solid garbage pass through the filter screen;

comparing the second pressure value with the first pressure value based on the first layer of filter screen;

if the second pressure value of the first layer of filter screen is smaller than the first pressure value, collecting the liquid garbage to the bottom end of the carriage;

otherwise, starting the first missing alarm system to alarm, and simultaneously acquiring a third pressure value of the missing solid particles in the solid garbage on the second layer of the filter screen based on the second pressure sensor;

comparing the third pressure value with a preset pressure value based on the second layer of filter screen;

based on the comparison result, if the third pressure value of the second layer of filter screen is smaller than the preset pressure value, the liquid garbage is continuously collected to the bottom end of the carriage;

if the third pressure value of the second layer of filter screen is greater than or equal to the preset pressure value, starting a second error and leakage alarm system;

and judging that the filter plate is blocked based on second error and leakage alarm information, and starting the cleaning device based on the controller to clean the filter plate.

Preferably, after garbage collection is finished, the return spring is kicked, and based on the deformation of the return spring, the kicking time of the return spring is determined, and the method comprises the following specific steps:

extracting a first deformation of the current return spring based on the completion of the garbage collection;

Figure BDA0002552520350000031

wherein the content of the first and second substances,1is the first deformation of the return spring, lambda is the elastic coefficient of the return spring, D is the radius of the return spring, n is a randomly selected constant, and the value range is [1,5 ]],The bending deformation parameter of the reset spring is F, the axial force of the reset spring is F, and the tangent variable of the reset spring is G;

comparing a first deformation amount of the return spring with a preset deformation threshold of the return spring;

based on the comparison result, if the first deformation of the return spring is greater than or equal to the deformation threshold, kicking the return spring to discharge the garbage;

if the first deformation of the return spring is smaller than the deformation threshold, continuously collecting garbage, and continuously extracting the second deformation of the return spring2

The second deformation of the return spring is obtained on the basis of the first deformation of the return spring;

Figure BDA0002552520350000041

l=l2-l1

wherein the content of the first and second substances,2to a second deformation of the return spring,/1Is the initial position of the return spring,/2For the end position of the return spring after collection of waste, l ═ l2-l1Is a curved path of the return spring;

continuing to compare the second deformation of the return spring to a deformation threshold;

determining a kicking timing of the return spring based on the comparison result;

based on play opportunity, will play in the signal transmission controller, play reset spring plays, simultaneously, start the supporting pad is fixed the carriage accomplishes the ejection of compact to rubbish.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: this kind of environmental protection handcart for building engineering is rational in infrastructure, has following advantage:

(1) the mounting block is opened by the first clamping block and the clamping groove, the fixing column is pulled out, the fixing block is rotated to the other side, the carriage is inclined, the garbage in the carriage can be conveniently discharged, the discharging mode is simple and rapid, and the garbage cleaning efficiency can be increased;

(2) the support pad is movably hinged to one side of the bottom end of the frame and supports the carriage, the carriage is prevented from moving under the action of the support pad, the reset spring is kicked after garbage collection is finished, the support pad is contracted to move the carriage, and when the carriage needs to be fixed again, the lifting handle is pulled to fix the carriage again by the support pad;

(3) through the top fixedly connected with filter at the second fixture block, the filter can filter rubbish, makes the bottom in the carriage collected to the liquid in the rubbish, avoids splashing at the liquid in the in-process rubbish of collecting rubbish, splashes user's very influence and uses the experience.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic front sectional view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a right side view partial cross-sectional structure of the vehicle body of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic top cross-sectional view of a side pillar according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is a connection diagram of the filter network controller according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a carriage; 2. a side post; 3. a fixed structure; 301. mounting blocks; 302. a first clamping block; 303. reserving a hole; 304. fixing a column; 305. a fixed block; 306. a card slot; 4. a frame; 5. a support structure; 501. a handle; 502. a support pillar; 503. a support pad; 504. a return spring; 6. a traveling wheel; 7. a filter plate; 8. a handle; 9. and a second clamping block.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-4, an embodiment of the present invention is shown: the utility model provides an environmental protection handcart for building engineering, including carriage 1, the jamb 2, frame 4 and walking wheel 6, the top of frame 4 articulates there is carriage 1, the bottom at the inside both ends of carriage 1 all fixedly connected with second fixture block 9, and the top fixedly connected with filter 7 of second fixture block 9, the both ends at filter 7 top all fixedly connected with handle 8, the both ends all fixedly connected with walking wheel 6 of frame 4 bottom, one side of frame 4 bottom is provided with bearing structure 5, bearing structure 5 includes handle 501, support column 502, supporting pad 503 and reset spring 504, supporting pad 503 articulates the both ends on one side of frame 4 bottom, the bottom of supporting pad 503 all fixedly connected with support column 502, one side fixedly connected with handle 501 of supporting pad 503, the opposite side of supporting pad 503 all fixedly connected with reset spring 504;

one end of the return spring 504 is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the frame 4, and a contraction structure is formed between the return spring 504 and the supporting pad 503, so that the frame 4 can move conveniently;

the handle 501 is fixed on the supporting pads 503 at two sides, and the supporting pads 503 are symmetrically distributed about the vertical center line of the frame 4, so that the support is more stable;

both ends of the top of the frame 4 are fixedly connected with side posts 2, and one end of each side post 2 is provided with a fixing structure 3, each fixing structure 3 comprises an installation block 301, a first fixture block 302, a reserved hole 303, a fixing column 304, a fixing block 305 and a clamping groove 306, each fixing block 305 is hinged to one end of each side post 2, each reserved hole 303 is arranged inside one side of each fixing block 305, each fixing column 304 is movably connected inside the corresponding reserved hole 303, each first fixture block 302 is arranged at one end of each fixing column 304, each installation block 301 is fixedly connected to one end of each fixing column 304, each clamping groove 306 is arranged inside each installation block 301, the outer diameter of each first fixture block 302 is smaller than the inner diameter of each clamping groove 306, a clamping structure is formed between each first fixture block 302 and each clamping groove 306, and the disassembly and the assembly;

one side of fixed block 305 articulates on side post 2, constitutes revolution mechanic between side post 2 and the fixed block 305, is convenient for fix carriage 1.

The working principle is as follows: when the device is used, an external power supply is adopted, firstly, the carriage 1 is supported by the supporting pad 503, the carriage 1 is prevented from moving under the action of the supporting pad 503, and in the garbage collection process, the filter plate 7 can filter the garbage, so that the liquid in the garbage is collected to the bottom end of the carriage 1, and the liquid in the garbage is prevented from splashing in the garbage collection process;

after the garbage is collected, the return spring 504 is kicked to enable the supporting pad 503 to contract, and when the garbage is collected and needs to be discharged, and the carriage 1 needs to be fixed again, the lifting handle 501 is pulled to enable the supporting pad 503 to fix the carriage 1 again;

finally, after the fixing is completed, the mounting block 301 is opened by the first fixture block 302 and the fixture groove 306, the fixing column 304 is pulled out, the fixing block 305 is rotated to the other side, the carriage 1 is inclined, and the garbage in the carriage 1 can be conveniently discharged.

The invention provides an environment-friendly trolley for construction engineering, wherein the top of a second clamping block 9 is fixedly connected with a filtering plate 7 for realizing the filtering separation of liquid garbage and solid garbage, and the trolley further comprises the following components before the filtering separation:

a filter screen, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor and a controller are arranged in the filter plate 7, wherein the first pressure sensor is arranged on the first layer of filter screen, and the second pressure sensor is arranged on the second layer of filter screen;

the cleaning device is arranged outside the filter plate 7;

the first and second wrong and missed alarm systems are arranged on the outer surface of the environment-friendly trolley;

wherein the controller is connected with the pressure sensor, the leak alarm system, the separator and the cleaning device, as shown in fig. 5;

based on a first pressure sensor, acquiring a first pressure value of the solid waste which can be received by a first layer of filter screen in the filter plate 17;

based on the first pressure value of first layer filter screen, detect whether filter 17 takes place the mistake and leaks, its detection step includes:

providing an external power supply for the environment-friendly trolley, and opening the supporting pad 503 to support the carriage 1;

meanwhile, starting a garbage collection program, and acquiring a second pressure value of the solid garbage staying on the first layer of filter screen through the controller when the liquid garbage and the solid garbage pass through the filter plate 7;

comparing the second pressure value with the first pressure value based on the first layer of filter screen;

if the second pressure value of the first layer of filter screen is smaller than the first pressure value, collecting the liquid garbage to the bottom end of the carriage 1;

otherwise, starting the first missing alarm system to alarm, and simultaneously acquiring a third pressure value of the missing solid particles in the solid garbage on the second layer of the filter screen based on the second pressure sensor;

comparing the third pressure value with a preset pressure value based on the second layer of filter screen;

based on the comparison result, if the third pressure value of the second layer of filter screen is smaller than the preset pressure value, the liquid garbage is continuously collected to the bottom end of the carriage 1;

if the third pressure value of the second layer of filter screen is greater than or equal to the preset pressure value, starting a second error and leakage alarm system;

and judging that the filter plate 17 is blocked based on second error and leakage alarm information, and starting the cleaning device based on a controller to clean the filter plate.

In embodiments, the missed alarm system may be a sound, light, vibration, or the like.

In the embodiment, the separation is mainly achieved by the principle of centrifugal force.

In an embodiment, the predetermined pressure value is set based on a maximum pressure received by the second layer of filter mesh.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: through the first layer filter screen in the filter can be fine realization liquid and the separation of solid, and the alarm information that alarm system provided is leaked in the first mistake, be favorable to starting the second floor filter screen, continue to deepen the filter degree, be favorable to realizing the thorough separation to liquid waste and solid particle, and simultaneously, alarm system is leaked in the second mistake, fine demonstration current filter's operating condition, whether be blockked up promptly, if block up, then start the total belt cleaning device of filter screen, accomplish the washing to the filter, the manpower has been practiced thrift greatly in the operation like this.

The invention provides an environment-friendly trolley for construction engineering, wherein after garbage collection is finished, a return spring 504 is kicked, and the kicking time of the return spring 504 is determined based on the deformation of the return spring 504, and the method comprises the following specific steps:

extracting a first deformation of the return spring 504 at present based on the garbage collection;

wherein the content of the first and second substances,1is the first deformation of the return spring, lambda is the elastic coefficient of the return spring, D is the radius of the return spring, n is a randomly selected constant, and the value range is [1,5 ]],The bending deformation parameter of the reset spring is F, the axial force of the reset spring is F, and the tangent variable of the reset spring is G;

comparing the first deformation amount of the return spring 504 with a preset deformation threshold of the return spring 504;

based on the comparison result, if the first deformation amount of the return spring 504 is greater than or equal to the deformation threshold, the return spring 504 is kicked, and the garbage is discharged;

if the first deformation of the return spring 504 is smaller than the deformation threshold, continuously collecting the garbage, and continuously extracting the second deformation of the return spring 5042

The second deformation of the return spring 504 is obtained based on the first deformation of the return spring 504;

l=l2-l1

wherein the content of the first and second substances,2to a second deformation of the return spring,/1Is the initial position of the return spring,/2For the end position of the return spring after collection of waste, l ═ l2-l1Is a curved path of the return spring;

continuing to compare the second amount of deformation of the return spring 504 to a deformation threshold;

determining the kicking timing of the return spring 504 based on the comparison result;

based on the kicking time, a kicking signal is transmitted to the controller to kick the reset spring 504, and meanwhile, the supporting pad 503 is started to fix the carriage 1, so that the garbage is discharged.

In an embodiment, the deformation threshold is determined by the maximum deformation value undergone in the return spring, determined by the natural properties of the return spring.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the kicking time of the return spring is determined through the deformation of the return spring, so that the current situation of garbage collection of the environment-friendly trolley can be well controlled; when the deformation does not reach the deformation threshold, the garbage can be continuously collected, and manual operation is not needed in the process, so that the time is saved.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

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