阅读说明：本技术 一种便于组合的γ放射性探测器 (Gamma radioactive detector convenient to combine ) 是由 靳根 刘正山 邬小平 王继莲 靳颜羽 于 2020-06-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出一种便于组合的γ放射性探测器,包括：具有n棱柱体形状的塑料闪烁体,所述n为大于4的自然数,所述塑料闪烁体的一个侧面上设有至少一个硅光电倍增；所述硅光电倍增管上设有电路板；所述电路板上设有信号导出机构,其优点是：便于组合、可在宽温度范围使用,可以通过有RJ45等标准接口的线缆串接实现通讯和供电,可以把多个探测器进行多种组合而成小面积或者任意大面积或者任意形状的探测器,完成不同需求的探测任务。(The invention proposes a gamma-radioactivity detector which is easy to combine, comprising: a plastic scintillator having a shape of an n prism, wherein n is a natural number greater than 4, and at least one silicon photomultiplier is disposed on one side surface of the plastic scintillator; the silicon photomultiplier is provided with a circuit board; be equipped with signal derivation mechanism on the circuit board, its advantage is: the combined type optical fiber cable is convenient to combine and can be used in a wide temperature range, communication and power supply can be realized by serially connecting cables with standard interfaces such as RJ45, a plurality of detectors can be combined into a small-area detector or a large-area detector or a detector in any shape, and detection tasks of different requirements are completed.)

1. A gamma-radioactivity detector which is easy to assemble, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

a plastic scintillator (3) having a shape of an n prism, wherein n is a natural number greater than 4, and at least one silicon photomultiplier (4) is fixedly disposed on at least one surface of the plastic scintillator (3);

the silicon photomultiplier (4) is arranged on the circuit board (1);

and a signal lead-out mechanism (7) is arranged on the circuit board (1).

2. A gamma radiation detector as claimed in claim 1, conveniently combined, wherein: the n prism is a regular n prism.

3. A gamma radiation detector as claimed in claim 1, conveniently combined, wherein: in the n prism, the side length is 10 mm-2000 mm, and the column height is 10 mm-80 mm.

4. A gamma radiation detector as claimed in claim 1, conveniently combined, wherein: and the angle formed by the adjacent two side surfaces of the n prism body is a right angle or an obtuse angle.

5. A gamma radiation detector as claimed in claim 1, conveniently combined, wherein: the outer surface of the plastic scintillator (3) is coated with a diffuse reflection coating.

6. A gamma radiation detector as claimed in claim 1, conveniently combined, wherein: the outer surface of the plastic scintillator (3) is provided with at least one layer of isolation layer (32), and the isolation layer (32) is used for preventing interference photons from entering the plastic scintillator (3).

7. A gamma radiation detector as claimed in claim 6, conveniently combined, wherein: a shell is arranged outside the isolation layer (32) and used for protecting the isolation layer (32).

8. A gamma radiation detector as claimed in claim 1, conveniently combined, wherein: and a semiconductor refrigerating device (11) is arranged on the circuit board (1), and the semiconductor refrigerating device (11) is used for controlling the working temperature of the silicon photomultiplier (4).

9. A gamma radiation detector as claimed in claim 1, conveniently combined, wherein: the signal deriving means (7) comprises: the temperature control circuit comprises a preamplifier and a temperature control circuit, wherein the preamplifier and the temperature control circuit are electrically connected with the circuit board (1).

10. A gamma radiation detector as claimed in claim 9, conveniently combined, wherein: the signal deriving mechanism further comprises a connector (9), the connector (9) is electrically connected with the preamplifier and the temperature control circuit, and the connector (9) is used for communicating the preamplifier and the temperature control circuit with an external circuit.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of radiation detection, in particular to a gamma radioactivity detector convenient to combine.

Background

During the overhaul period of a nuclear power station reactor, a personnel airtight air lock door is a passage for workers to enter and exit from a nuclear island and is a site for monitoring whether personnel and personnel carrying equipment returned from a reactor plant are polluted by radioactivity or not. A gamma detection device with high sensitivity similar to a C1 door (a gamma contamination monitor of the whole body of a person) cannot be placed in front of the airtight door or between two gates, during each overhaul, only a gamma dose rate meter with relatively low sensitivity and a surface contamination measuring instrument can be used for detecting whether the person and equipment are contaminated by radioactivity, the labor consumption in the whole process is more time-consuming, particularly when the person comes in and goes out too much, the person is piled in front of the airtight door, the work efficiency of overhaul of a reactor is influenced, and the extra increase of the dose is possibly brought together. A detachable gamma detection device with high sensitivity similar to a C1 door is arranged in front of an airtight door or between two gates of the airtight door when a reactor is overhauled, so that the speed of workers leaving from a nuclear island can be increased; the device can be removed when not needed, or moved to other locations where highly sensitive gamma measurements are temporarily needed.

The C1 door used in KZC system (sanitary entrance and exit monitoring system of nuclear power station radiation control area) of nuclear power station is an important measuring device, and is an instrument for detecting the gamma contamination of whole body of personnel by the staff coming out of nuclear island of the nuclear power station. The device is a channel with a certain depth, large-volume plastic scintillators are placed on the upper part, the lower part, the left part and the right part of the channel, gamma rays emitted by possibly-contaminated radionuclides on the whole body of a person entering the channel are measured in the largest possible solid angle, and whether the person is contaminated by the radionuclides or not is judged in a short time. The detector in the C1 door uses the photomultiplier as the photoelectric conversion device, and the photomultiplier itself is bulky, and the photomultiplier links to each other with the plastics scintillator is perpendicular, causes the precious effective space in the C1 door to be occupied by the photomultiplier and the space is wasted. Meanwhile, because the photomultiplier tube is large in size, the photomultiplier tube can only be used as little as possible in the detector of the whole C1 door, so that more space is not wasted, the plastic scintillators used in the C1 door are large in size, and flexible combined installation of small-size detectors cannot be achieved.

The columnar gamma monitoring device for emergency has the characteristic of being detachable, but a columnar plastic scintillator is adopted in the columnar gamma monitoring device, and a photomultiplier is arranged at one end or two ends of the columnar plastic scintillator. The column-shaped detector of the device is too long, so that photons generated on the plastic scintillator at a part far from the photomultiplier are absorbed by the plastic scintillator to a large extent, and the detection efficiency is affected. Also, the photomultiplier tube is bulky, which additionally wastes the useful space of the detector. The application requiring convenient disassembly requires that the shock resistance and impact resistance of the whole device are strong, the photomultiplier is a vacuum device, the weak shock resistance and impact resistance are weak points which cannot be avoided, and even if elastic connection and rubber material shock absorption are adopted, the problem that the whole device cannot operate due to air leakage of the photomultiplier caused by shock and impact is still avoided because the inside of the photomultiplier is of a cantilever beam structure.

In addition, the photomultiplier tube requires a dc high voltage power supply of 600V or more, and magnetic shielding such as a magnetic shielding material and a light shielding measure are added.

The gamma radiation detector formed by the combination of the plastic scintillator and the photomultiplier not only is applied to the C1 door and the columnar emergency radiation monitor, but also has a large application range, such as CPO (tool and small object gamma contamination measuring instrument), CSM (vehicle and pedestrian gamma radiation measuring device) and the like, and all of the gamma radiation detectors face inherent problems of relatively reduced detection efficiency, large temperature influence, weak shock resistance and the like of the whole detection device due to the large volume of the photomultiplier caused by the combination of the plastic scintillator and the photomultiplier with a certain volume.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a gamma radiation detector which is convenient to combine and can be used in a wide temperature range, communication and power supply can be realized by connecting cables with standard interfaces of RJ45 and the like in series, a plurality of detectors can be combined into a detector with small area or any large area or any shape, and detection tasks of different requirements are completed.

In view of the above, the present invention provides a gamma radiation detector which is easy to combine, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

the scintillator comprises a plastic scintillator with an n prism shape, wherein n is a natural number larger than 4, and at least one silicon photomultiplier is fixedly arranged on at least one surface of the plastic scintillator;

the silicon photomultiplier is arranged on the circuit board;

and the circuit board is provided with a signal deriving mechanism.

Further, the n prism is a regular n prism.

Furthermore, in the n prism, the side length is 10 mm-2000 mm, and the column height is 10 mm-80 mm.

Further, the angle formed by the adjacent two side surfaces of the n prism body is a right angle or an obtuse angle.

Further, the outer surface of the plastic scintillator is coated with a diffuse reflection coating.

Furthermore, the outer surface of the plastic scintillator is provided with at least one isolation layer, and the isolation layer is used for isolating external interference photons from entering the plastic scintillator.

Further, a shell is arranged outside the isolation layer and used for protecting the isolation layer.

Furthermore, a semiconductor refrigerating device is arranged on the circuit board and used for controlling the working temperature of the silicon photomultiplier.

Further, the signal deriving mechanism includes: the preamplifier and the temperature control circuit are electrically connected with the circuit board.

Further, the signal deriving mechanism further comprises a connector, the connector is electrically connected with the preamplifier and the temperature control circuit, and the connector is used for communicating the preamplifier and the temperature control circuit with an external circuit.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: miniaturized detectors can be combined, usable over a wide temperature range, in particular:

(1) the silicon photomultiplier adhered to the plastic scintillator performs photoelectric conversion on fluorescence photons emitted by the plastic scintillator, replaces the photomultiplier, and can enable each plastic scintillator to have a photomultiplier of the plastic scintillator to amplify signals, so that the plastic scintillator can be made into a small-size detector, and flexible combination of small detectors is further completed.

(2) The silicon photomultiplier is used for replacing the photomultiplier of a vacuum device, so that the shock and vibration resistance of the detector is greatly improved.

(3) The semiconductor refrigeration mode is used for ensuring the stability of the working state of the silicon photomultiplier, reducing the dark current of the silicon photomultiplier and improving the detection efficiency. The temperature of the silicon photomultiplier is relatively stable, so that the whole detector can reliably operate in a high or low ambient temperature range. Each detector is provided with a temperature control circuit, so that the stable working state of each detector is ensured.

(4) When a detection external processing circuit consisting of signal processing, temperature control, data communication and similar POE power supplies is fixed with a detector, the combination of the detection external processing circuit and the detector is a complete intelligent detection unit, and a plurality of intelligent detection units can be connected in series by an Ethernet cable or other cables for transmitting power supplies and signals, so that a detection system which is simple in connection and diverse in function is formed.

(5) Signal processing, control by temperature change, the detection external processing circuit that data communication and POE power are constituteed is when placing with the detector is fixed separately, and external circuit can connect a plurality of detectors through standard connector and connecting wire simultaneously, forms the little detecting system of intelligent detection of an external processing unit of a plurality of detectors, can concatenate a plurality of such little detecting systems of intelligence for the cable of ethernet or other transmission power and signals, forms bigger detecting system.

Drawings

Embodiments of the invention are described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gamma radiation detector that can be conveniently combined in one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a disassembled structure of a gamma radiation detector which is convenient to combine in one embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a gamma radiation detector that can be conveniently combined in accordance with one embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the disassembled structure of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a housing according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an isolation layer according to an embodiment.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the technical solutions of the present invention can be understood and appreciated more easily.