阅读说明：本技术 一种黄芪药渣栽培料及其在猴头菇栽培中的应用 (Astragalus membranaceus residue cultivation material and application thereof in hericium erinaceus cultivation ) 是由 邓廷飞 韦涛 杨小生 潘雄 罗忠圣 葛丽娟 杨礼寿 严艳芳 于 2020-06-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种黄芪药渣栽培料及其在猴头菇栽培中的应用,所述栽培料按重量百分数计,是由黄芪药渣85％、玉米面5％和磷石膏10％混合制成的；还公开了具体的应用方法。本发明利用了贵州废弃物资源黄芪药渣和磷石膏,能够快速栽培出营养佳、香味浓且生物学转化率高的猴头菇,不仅找到了价廉物美的新型碳源和氮源材料,降低了猴头菇生产成本,也为减少环境污染,实现大量黄芪药渣和磷石膏的循环再生利用提供了新的途径,实现了废弃物料的绿色、创新、高效综合利用,同时也提高了经济效益。(The invention discloses an astragalus residue cultivation material and an application thereof in hericium erinaceus cultivation, wherein the cultivation material is prepared by mixing 85% of astragalus residue, 5% of corn flour and 10% of phosphogypsum in percentage by weight; also discloses a specific application method. According to the method, astragalus membranaceus dregs and phosphogypsum which are waste resources in Guizhou province are utilized, the hericium erinaceus which is good in nutrition, strong in flavor and high in biological conversion rate can be rapidly cultivated, a novel carbon source and nitrogen source material which is cheap and good is found, the production cost of the hericium erinaceus is reduced, a new way is provided for reducing environmental pollution and realizing cyclic recycling of a large amount of astragalus membranaceus dregs and phosphogypsum, green, innovative and efficient comprehensive utilization of waste materials is realized, and meanwhile, the economic benefit is improved.)

1. An astragalus residue cultivation material is characterized in that: the medicine is prepared by mixing 85% of astragalus residue, 5% of corn flour and 10% of phosphogypsum in percentage by weight.

2. The astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material is characterized in that: is prepared by the following method: weighing radix astragali dregs, corn flour and phosphogypsum in proportion, humidifying the radix astragali dregs with tap water which is placed for 2 days to ensure that the moisture content is 60-80%, then adding the corn flour and the phosphogypsum, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine.

3. The use of the astragalus membranaceus residue cultivation material as defined in any one of claims 1-2 in hericium erinaceus cultivation.

4. The application of the astragalus membranaceus dreg cultivation material as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the specific hericium erinaceus cultivation method comprises the following steps:

(1) pre-wetting treatment: humidifying the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material with tap water to enable the water content to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value to 6.0-7.0 with lime to obtain a pre-wetted cultivation material;

(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wet cultivation material into a material pile for fermentation, and obtaining a pre-treated cultivation material after 2-4 days;

(3) preparing a fungus bag: adjusting the water content of the pretreated cultivation material obtained in the step (2) to 60% -65%, adjusting the pH value to 6.0-7.0 by using lime, filling the pretreated cultivation material into a plastic bag for sterilization for 2 hours, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains after cooling to obtain a fungus bag;

(4) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bags in a culture room, and culturing mycelia for 24-28 days to grow the fungus bags;

(5) fruiting management and harvesting: and (3) uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of the fungus bag with the cultured mycelia, after the mycelia are twisted to form primordia, fruiting management is carried out for 8-10 days, and hericium erinaceus sporophores are collected.

5. The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the height of the material pile in the step (2) is 1.2-1.5 m, and the width of the material pile is 1 m; and turning the material when the temperature of the material rises to above 65 ℃ in the fermentation process, wherein the turning is carried out for 1-2 times.

6. The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the sterilization condition in the step (3) is that the pressure is 0.1-0.15 Mpa and the temperature is 120 ℃; the inoculation of the hericium erinaceus strain is aseptic operation, and the inoculation positions are arranged at two ends of the fungus bag.

7. The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: and (3) preparing the hericium erinaceus strain by a three-stage seed preparation method of a parent seed, an original seed and a cultivated seed in sequence, preparing, sterilizing and inoculating the strain in a culture medium, and culturing the strain at the constant temperature of 25 ℃.

8. The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the plastic bag in the step (3) is a polypropylene angle plastic bag with the thickness of 14cm multiplied by 28cm and 0.04 cm; 0.5kg of cultivation material is filled in each bag of the plastic bag.

9. The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the culture condition in the step (4) is dark room culture, and the culture temperature is 20-25 ℃.

10. The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the specific operation of the step (5) is as follows: uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of a fungus bag with cultured mycelia, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 16-22 ℃, the relative air humidity of 85% -90%, the flow air speed of 0.05-0.1 m/s and the illumination intensity of 300-600 lx, twisting the mycelia to form primordia, fruiting and managing for 8-10 days, and harvesting hericium erinaceus sporophores.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of herb residue recycling, in particular to an astragalus membranaceus herb residue cultivation material and application thereof in hericium erinaceus cultivation.

Background

Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus Bge.) is perennial herb of Leguminosae, and has effects of invigorating qi, tonifying yang, inducing diuresis, relieving swelling, removing toxic substance, and promoting granulation. The effective medicinal components of astragalus root mainly include glycoside, polysaccharide, flavone and several trace elements. The Astragalus polysaccharides can be used as immunopotentiator or regulator to promote antibody formation, and has antiviral, antitumor, antiaging, anti-stress, antioxidant and blood lipid reducing effects. The astragalus polysaccharide is mostly extracted by a water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, the process is simple and easy to operate, but the extraction rate is low. The dregs of a decoction formed after the astragalus is subjected to the water extraction method to prepare the polysaccharide still contain active substances such as the polysaccharide, and the substances are limited by polymers such as cellulose and are not easy to dissolve out, so a large amount of wastes are generated in the extraction process of the medicinal active ingredients. The production of astragalus granules in the Guizhou pharmaceutical industry can generate a large amount of astragalus dregs, which are not effectively utilized. The astragalus is listed as a homology of medicine and food, and is safe for common people to eat according to the traditional habit. The method comprises the steps of extracting residues of traditional Chinese medicinal materials by using water of a pharmaceutical factory, such as the golden madder and the like, culturing oyster mushroom mycelia by using corncobs with different proportions (15% -95%) and corn flour with a fixed proportion as raw materials, and finding that when the residues of a traditional Chinese medicinal material mixture are 50% -60%, the yield of oyster mushrooms is high. Wei Xinrong and other researches observe the growth speed and growth vigor of hyphae, count the yield and commodity characters of sporocarp, and compare with a control group, the result proves that the cultivation of the flammulina velutipes by using epimedium herb residues as the main material is feasible, but the cultivation of the edible mushrooms by using astragalus mongholicus herb residues is still rarely reported.

The phosphogypsum is solid waste discharged in the production of phosphate fertilizer and phosphoric acid, the annual total yield of wet-process phosphoric acid is about 2.6 hundred million tons globally, the byproduct waste phosphogypsum is about 1.5 million tons, the utilization rate is only 4.3 to 4.6 percent, the stacked phosphogypsum not only occupies a large amount of land, but also the influence of harmful heavy metal chemical substances such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury and the like contained in the phosphogypsum on the environment is as long as hundreds of years. At present, the utilization research of the phosphogypsum in China mainly comprises the following steps: building material products, soil conditioners, cement retarders, chemical raw materials and the like, and the method has the utilization approaches and also has the recycling field, such as the treatment of saline-alkali soil by using phosphogypsum. In 2018, Guizhou comprehensively implements the phosphogypsum 'to use for fixed production', realizes the production and consumption balance of the phosphogypsum, and strives for zero new stacking quantity. From 2019, the aim is to achieve the effect that the phosphogypsum consumption is larger than the yield, and the consumption of the phosphogypsum is increased progressively according to the increasing rate which is not lower than 10% every year until the total consumption of the phosphogypsum stockpile in the province is finished. In 2020, a lot of key technologies without producing phosphogypsum are overcome, industrialization is realized as soon as possible, a lot of large-scale and high-added-value phosphogypsum resource comprehensive utilization demonstration projects are built, a phosphogypsum resource comprehensive utilization industry chain is basically formed, and the comprehensive utilization scale and level of the phosphogypsum resource are greatly improved. The national development and improvement committee also puts forward requirements for comprehensive utilization of the phosphogypsum, encourages various research institutions to actively seek a reasonable utilization way of the phosphogypsum, and provides a certain utilization idea for promoting green, innovative, intensive and efficient development of the phosphorus chemical industry.

Hericium erinaceus (Hericium erinaceus) belonging to the order Rhodopiluliformes (Russules) and belonging to the genus Hericium (Hericium), also known as Hericium erinaceus, Tricholoma giganteum, and Hericium erinaceus. Hericium erinaceus mostly occurs in Quercus in deep mountains in autumn and living standing tree withered joints, tree holes and rotten trees of other broad leaf trees, is widely distributed, is mainly concentrated in Asia, Europe and North America, and is mostly planted in forest areas such as Daxing' an mountains, Tianshan mountains, southwest transection mountains and Himalayan mountains in China. The mushroom has tender meat, good taste, high nutritive value and obvious medicinal value, and contains polysaccharides and polypeptides with effects of strengthening stomach mucosa barrier, promoting ulcer healing, diminishing inflammation, etc., and has high anticancer activity. The hericium erinaceus has obvious differences in biological characters and fruiting body yield among strains on the traditional cultivation raw materials, namely the culture materials of the sawdust and the cottonseed hulls, and the price of the traditional cultivation raw materials rises along with the development of edible fungi.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an astragalus membranaceus residue cultivation material and application thereof in hericium erinaceus cultivation, which can be used for quickly cultivating hericium erinaceus with good nutrition, strong fragrance and high biological conversion rate, and meanwhile provides a new way for recycling a large amount of astragalus membranaceus residues and phosphogypsum, so that the environment pollution is reduced, green, innovative and efficient comprehensive utilization of waste materials is realized, and the economic benefit is improved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

an astragalus residue cultivation material is prepared by mixing 85% of astragalus residue, 5% of corn flour and 10% of phosphogypsum in percentage by weight.

The astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material is prepared by the following method: weighing radix astragali dregs, corn flour and phosphogypsum in proportion, humidifying the radix astragali dregs with tap water which is placed for 2 days to ensure that the moisture content is 60-80%, then adding the corn flour and the phosphogypsum, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine.

The astragalus membranaceus residue cultivation material is applied to hericium erinaceus cultivation.

The application of the astragalus membranaceus residue cultivation material, in particular to a hericium erinaceus cultivation method, comprises the following steps:

(1) pre-wetting treatment: humidifying the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material with tap water to enable the water content to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value to 6.0-7.0 with lime to obtain a pre-wetted cultivation material;

(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wet cultivation material into a material pile for fermentation, and obtaining a pre-treated cultivation material after 2-4 days;

(3) preparing a fungus bag: adjusting the water content of the pretreated cultivation material obtained in the step (2) to 60% -65%, adjusting the pH value to 6.0-7.0 by using lime, filling the pretreated cultivation material into a plastic bag for sterilization for 2 hours, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains after cooling to obtain a fungus bag;

(4) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bags in a culture room, and culturing mycelia for 24-28 days to grow the fungus bags;

(5) fruiting management and harvesting: and (3) uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of the fungus bag with the cultured mycelia, after the mycelia are twisted to form primordia, fruiting management is carried out for 8-10 days, and hericium erinaceus sporophores are collected.

The astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material is applied, wherein in the step (2), the height of the material pile is 1.2-1.5 m, and the width of the material pile is 1 m; and turning the material when the temperature of the material rises to above 65 ℃ in the fermentation process, wherein the turning is carried out for 1-2 times.

The astragalus residue cultivation material is applied, and the sterilization condition in the step (3) is that the pressure is 0.1-0.15 Mpa and the temperature is 120 ℃; the inoculation of the hericium erinaceus strain is aseptic operation, and the inoculation positions are arranged at two ends of the fungus bag.

The application of the astragalus membranaceus dreg cultivation material is characterized in that the hericium erinaceus strain in the step (3) is prepared by sequentially carrying out three-level seed production on a mother seed, an original seed and a cultivated seed, then carrying out preparation, sterilization and inoculation on a culture medium, and then culturing at the constant temperature of 25 ℃; after inoculation, the mycelium can be cultured at 25 ℃ to shorten the growth time of the mycelium, and the mycelium can grow over in about 20 days.

The astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material is applied, and the plastic bag in the step (3) is a polypropylene folded plastic bag with the thickness of 14cm multiplied by 28cm and 0.04 cm; 0.5kg of cultivation material is filled in each bag of the plastic bag.

The astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material is applied, the cultivation condition in the step (4) is dark room cultivation, and the cultivation temperature is 20-25 ℃.

The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material comprises the following specific operations in the step (5): uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of a fungus bag with cultured mycelia, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 16-22 ℃, the relative air humidity of 85% -90%, the flow air speed of 0.05-0.1 m/s and the illumination intensity of 300-600 lx, twisting the mycelia to form primordia, fruiting and managing for 8-10 days, and harvesting hericium erinaceus sporophores.

According to the hericium erinaceus cultivation method adopting the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material, the diameter of the obtained hericium erinaceus sporocarp is 7-10 cm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the cultivation material can rapidly cultivate hericium erinaceus with good nutrition, strong fragrance and high biological conversion rate, provides a solution for treatment of a large amount of astragalus membranaceus dregs and phosphogypsum in Guizhou areas, is beneficial to reducing environmental pollution, realizes green, innovative and efficient utilization of materials, and improves economic benefits. In addition, the waste fungus bags containing the phosphogypsum can be made into biological fertilizers, which have the function of improving the saline-alkali soil structure and further solve the problem of recycling of the waste fungus bags.

1. The invention adopts pre-wetting treatment on the raw materials, can obviously improve the contact area between the raw materials, and further promotes the subsequent culture of the hericium erinaceus mycelium. The method comprises the steps of soaking main materials (astragalus membranaceus dregs) in tap water for 2 days to enable water to permeate into the internal structure of the astragalus membranaceus dregs, and then mixing the main materials and auxiliary materials (corn flour and phosphogypsum), humidifying and adjusting the pH value to be 6.0-7.0 under a weak acid condition, so that the method is suitable for meeting the requirement of the weak acid environment required by growth of hericium erinaceus.

2. The fermentation treatment technical means adopted by the invention can efficiently kill germs and promote the rapid degradation of the raw materials, thereby being beneficial to the growth of subsequent hyphae. The fermentation treatment adopted by the invention has the following advantages that firstly, in the fermentation process, under the action of a temperature-rising leavening agent, some thermophilic microorganisms such as actinomycetes in the raw materials grow and propagate rapidly, so that the temperature of the compost is raised to 65-70 ℃, some harmful ova and part of miscellaneous germs in the raw materials can be killed, and the compost is sterilized more thoroughly; secondly, beneficial microorganisms such as actinomycetes and the like in the fermentation process can promote the rapid degradation of organic substances such as lignin, cellulose and the like in the astragalus dregs to become nutrients which are easy to absorb and utilize by edible fungi, so that inoculated hypha can eat quickly and have strong resistance; thirdly, the stack is turned for 2 times in the fermentation process, harmful gases such as ammonia gas and the like released in the culture fermentation process can be volatilized, and the normal growth of edible fungus hyphae is ensured.

3. The substrate formula adopted by the invention comprises 85% of astragalus residue, 5% of corn flour and 10% of phosphogypsum, and the substrate formula has the advantages of less added auxiliary materials, low cost and higher biological conversion rate.

4. According to the method, the astragalus residue produced by the medicine enterprises in the Guizhou region is used as the main raw material of the cultivation material for cultivating the hericium erinaceus, the cultivated hericium erinaceus are heavy in single bacteria, good in biological efficiency, white in color, short in thorn, delicious in taste and low in pollution rate, and can be popularized in a large area subsequently.

Detailed Description