阅读说明：本技术 一种含有醇的民用烟花 (Civil fireworks containing alcohol ) 是由 周昭坤 王巧传普 徐超 陶连文 张贤江 于 2020-06-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种含有醇的民用烟花,其组分及含量为：高氯酸铵20％,硝化纤维45％,平均含氮量11.8％,醇类化合物5％,100目钛粉20％,100目氧化铜粉5％,氟橡胶5％,所有百分数均为质量百分比。与现有技术相比,本发明提出一种含有醇的民用烟花,即不用完全烘干,甚至不烘干的硝化棉酒棉替代不含醇的硝化棉,来制作烟花产品,这一工艺彻底避免了烘干过程带来的开支和消耗的时间,降低了烟花生产的成本。(The civil fireworks containing alcohol comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of ammonium perchlorate, 45% of nitrocellulose, 11.8% of average nitrogen content, 5% of alcohol compound, 20% of 100-mesh titanium powder, 5% of 100-mesh copper oxide powder and 5% of fluororubber, wherein all the percentages are mass percentages. Compared with the prior art, the alcohol-containing civil firework provided by the invention is prepared by replacing alcohol-free nitrocotton with non-completely-dried or even non-dried nitrocotton wine cotton, the process thoroughly avoids the expenditure and the time consumption caused by the drying process, and reduces the production cost of the firework.)

1. The civil firework containing alcohol is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:

20 percent of ammonium perchlorate,

45 percent of nitrocellulose, 11.8 percent of average nitrogen content,

5 percent of alcohol compounds,

20 percent of 100-mesh titanium powder,

5 percent of copper oxide powder with 100 meshes,

5 percent of fluorine rubber,

all percentages are by mass.

2. Civil fireworks containing alcohol according to claim 1, characterized in that the alcohol compound comprises ethanol CH₃CH₂OH, methanol CH₃OH, n-propanol CH₃CH₂CH₂OH, isopropyl alcohol (CH)₃)₂CHOH, Butanol CH₃(CH₂)₃OH。

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fireworks and crackers, in particular to alcohol-containing civil fireworks.

Background

In recent years, environmental fireworks which do not produce smoke or produce a small amount of smoke during setting off are gradually rising, and the main principle of the environmental fireworks which do not produce smoke or produce a small amount of smoke is to replace black powder in the traditional fireworks with nitrocellulose (also called nitrocellulose).

Nitrate (-ONO) in nitrocellulose molecule₂) Are negatively charged radicals which push against each other by electrostatic repulsion, leaving the nitrate radical on the molecular chain under tension, so that even at low temperatures, the weak vibration of the radicals can cause them to be under tensionThe acid radicals in the tension state are broken and separated from the nitrocellulose molecules, and exist in the nitrocellulose in the form of free acid radicals. Free acid radicals further destroy the chemical stability of nitrocellulose, since free acid radicals are catalysts for the removal of nitrate from nitrocellulose molecules. Because nitric acid and sulfuric acid are used in the process of producing nitrocellulose, the nitrocellulose finished product has a small amount of residual nitric acid and sulfuric acid, and the residual acid and free nitrate radical can destroy the chemical stability of the nitrocellulose. Meanwhile, the reaction of nitrate radicals separated from nitrocellulose molecules is an exothermic reaction, if heat cannot be released in time and is accumulated in nitrocellulose, the temperature of the nitrocellulose can be excessively increased, and if the temperature exceeds the ignition point of the nitrocellulose, the nitrocellulose can be spontaneously combusted and even explode.

In actual operation, a certain amount of alcohol is added into the nitrocellulose, and the alcohol can neutralize residual acid contained in gunpowder and absorb nitrogen oxides including free nitrate, so that the speed of separating nitrate from nitrocellulose molecules can be greatly reduced, and the chemical stability of the nitrocellulose is improved. And because some alcohols have low boiling points, such as 64.7 ℃ of methanol, 78 ℃ of ethanol and the like, if the nitrocellulose containing the alcohols decomposes and releases heat, the temperature rises, and when the nitrocellulose reaches the boiling point of the alcohols, the alcohols boil and vaporize, and absorb a large amount of latent heat, so that the alcohols exist, the temperature of the nitrocellulose does not exceed the boiling point of the alcohols, and the existence of the alcohols ensures that the nitrocellulose does not spontaneously combust because the burning point of the nitrocellulose is about 190 ℃.

One of the measures to increase safety in the transport and storage of nitrocellulose is to add a certain amount of alcohol to make nitrocellulose, which is filled in a sealed container or bag, usually with more than 25% by mass of ethanol. However, when the manufacturers of smokeless fireworks manufacture fireworks products, the nitrocotton cellucotton must be dried firstly, namely, alcohol in the nitrocotton cellucotton is removed, and then the dried nitrocellulose is used for manufacturing the fireworks. The drying process consumes time, increases cost, is complex in drying operation, and is embodied in that a device for dehydrating the nitrocotton with the patent number of CN102504029B is specially designed to reduce drying cost and drying time.

Therefore, a new firework product is urgently needed, namely, the alcohol-free nitrocotton is replaced by the non-completely dried or even non-dried nitrocotton wine cotton to manufacture the firework product.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the civil firework containing the alcohol aiming at the problems in the prior art.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

the civil fireworks containing alcohol comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

20 percent of ammonium perchlorate,

45% of nitrocellulose and 11.8% of average nitrogen content;

5 percent of alcohol compounds,

20 percent of 100-mesh titanium powder,

5 percent of copper oxide powder with 100 meshes,

5 percent of fluorine rubber,

all percentages are by mass. Preferably, the alcohol compound comprises ethanol CH₃CH₂OH, methanol CH₃OH, n-propanol CH₃CH₂CH₂OH, isopropyl alcohol (CH)₃)₂CHOH, Butanol CH₃(CH₂)₃OH。

Compared with the prior art, the alcohol-containing civil firework has the beneficial effects that: the alcohol-containing civil firework is provided, namely, alcohol-free nitrocotton wine cotton is replaced by alcohol-free nitrocotton instead of completely dried nitrocotton to manufacture firework products, the process thoroughly avoids the expenditure and the consumed time caused by the drying process, and reduces the production cost of the firework.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

The invention discloses an alcohol-containing civil firework which is a product formed by fully mixing the following substances in a certain proportion, and specifically comprises the following components: 20% of ammonium perchlorate, 45% of nitrocellulose, 11.8% of average nitrogen content and 5% of alcohol compound; 20 percent of 100-mesh titanium powder, 5 percent of 100-mesh copper oxide powder and 5 percent of fluororubber, wherein all the percentages are mass percent.

The alcohol compound is a large class of organic compounds, and is a compound formed by connecting a hydroxyl group and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The alcohol used as a wetting agent for nitrocotton is typically ethanol (CH)₃CH₂OH), but methanol (CH) may also be used₃OH), n-propanol (CH)₃CH₂CH₂OH), isopropyl alcohol ((CH)₃)₂CHOH), butanol (CH)₃(CH₂)₃OH) and other alcohol compounds. The alcohol in the present invention is a high concentration alcohol, i.e., a concentration of 80% to 100%, generally about 95%. Specifically, an alcohol of concentration x% refers to a 100ml solution of x% alcohol containing x ml of alcohol and (100-x) ml of other solvent, where the other solvent is typically water. The invention does not limit the purity of the alcohol, namely, the alcohol can be used in industrial grade, agricultural grade, food grade (pharmaceutical grade), reagent pure (chemical pure) and analytical pure (chromatographic pure).

In the actual transportation and storage of nitrocellulose, in order to achieve certain safety performance and prevent the nitrocellulose from spontaneous combustion and explosion in the transportation process, a certain amount of alcohol or water is usually added into the nitrocellulose, and the nitrocellulose is made into nitrocellulose cellucotton or nitrocellulose water cotton. However, when the actual production of the fireworks is carried out, the nitrocotton absorbent cotton (i.e. the nitrocotton which uses water as the nitrocotton wetting agent and improves the transportation and storage safety) must be completely dehydrated to be used for the fireworks product, otherwise, the fireworks product is non-combustible, so that the production cost of the fireworks product which uses the nitrocotton absorbent cotton as the raw material is higher than that of the nitrocotton wine cotton.

However, the use of dry nitrocotton in the firework product also has certain potential safety hazard, and in contrast, the use of nitrocotton wine cotton which is not completely dealcoholized in the firework product has higher safety. The formula disclosed by the invention is the nitrocotton wine cotton which can be safely transported and stored after the alcohol is added, and the safety performance of the firework product manufactured by the nitrocotton wine cotton can be higher than that of the alcohol-free dry nitrocotton without being dried or only partially dried.

The principle that the civil fireworks can adopt nitrocotton cellucotton without complete dealcoholization is as follows: combustion is a rapid redox reaction in which the reactants are an oxidant and a reductant, for example, in fireworks, ammonium perchlorate is the oxidant and nitrocotton is the reductant, which react chemically to yield reaction products such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen.

In addition to the need for an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent, the redox reaction initially requires sufficient activation energy, and the chemical reaction does not occur when the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent come into contact with each other, but rather, an energy barrier is overcome, and the external energy for overcoming the energy barrier, namely, the activation energy, is provided. Sparks generated by the combustion of the lead wires in the fireworks and electric arcs generated by the electrostatic lighter can provide activation energy for the ignition of the oxidant and the reducing agent in the fireworks. Simultaneously, a large amount of heat is released in the moment of combustion, so that the temperature of reactants and reaction products is increased, and after the temperature of the substances exceeds a threshold value, activation energy provided by the outside is not needed any more, the substances can be continuously combusted, and a lead wire or an electrostatic igniter is not needed to be always present until an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent is completely consumed.

Alcohol and nitrocotton can be used as reducing agents in the same way, and can react with oxidizing agents to generate steam, carbon dioxide and the like. Therefore, the nitrocotton soaked by the alcohol can still be ignited, namely, the nitrocotton cellucotton can replace dry nitrocotton to be used in the civil firework formula. Because the physical characteristics of alcohol are similar to those of water and are transparent liquid, people may mistakenly think that nitrocotton soaked by alcohol cannot be ignited as well as nitrocotton soaked by water, which is a wrong understanding that the reason why the nitrocotton soaked by water really fails to ignite is that: water is not a reducing agent and it is already fully oxidized, i.e., cannot continue to react with the oxidizing agent. Water can wrap nitrocotton molecules after wetting nitrocotton, blocks the contact of the nitrocotton molecules and an oxidant, and the nitrocotton molecules and the oxidant are not contacted together, so that the reaction cannot occur, and alcohol can react with the oxidant, so that the combustion blocking effect cannot be achieved, and the condition that the nitrocotton cannot be ignited by sparks, flames, static electricity, detonators or primer cannot be caused after the alcohol is mixed with the nitrocotton.

According to the Chinese safety regulation, the alcohol content of the nitro-cotton cellucotton capable of being transported and stored is 25 percent or more than 25 percent by mass. However, the alcohol content of the nitrocotton cellucotton in the firework product cannot be too high and needs to be controlled within 20%, the step of exposing the nitrocotton cellucotton in the air exists in a normal production process, the alcohol has volatility, so that the alcohol content of the nitrocotton cellucotton is reduced to about 10% in general, and the alcohol in the firework finished product can be continuously volatilized, so that the nitrocotton cellucotton does not need to be dried additionally. If the initial value of the alcohol content is more than 25%, a part of alcohol needs to be removed, and the alcohol can be quickly removed by placing the nitrocotton cellucotton in a cool and ventilated place, or the nitrocotton cellucotton is stirred and dried at high temperature until the alcohol volatilizes to a certain content.

Concretely, the formula and the preparation process of the alcohol-containing civil fireworks applied to cold light fireworks are described as follows:

the formula is as follows: 20% of ammonium perchlorate, 45% of nitrocellulose (the average nitrogen content is 11.8%), 5% of ethanol, 20% of 100-mesh titanium powder, 5% of 100-mesh copper oxide powder and 5% of fluororubber, wherein the percentages are mass percentages. The total medicine loading can be determined according to requirements, and 20 g of the total medicine loading can be set off for about 20 to 40 seconds according to different sizes of the openings of the setting off cylinders.

The preparation process comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing: uniformly mixing 45% of nitrocellulose, 11.8% of average nitrogen content, 5% of alcohol compound, 20% of 100-mesh titanium powder, 5% of 100-mesh copper oxide powder and 5% of fluororubber;

(2) sieving: removing particles with the particle size of more than 100 meshes;

(3) charging: filling the uniformly mixed chemical into an empty cylinder of a firework product, and tamping until the pressure is 1 MPa, so as to ensure that no gap exists in the chemical;

(4) packaging: the opening of the charging end of the firework cylinder is sealed firmly by soil or a fixing agent, and then a lead is inserted into the opening of the spraying end.

Compared with the prior art, the alcohol-containing civil firework disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the alcohol-containing nitrocotton wine cotton can be safely transported and stored after being added, the firework product can be made into a firework product with higher safety performance without being dried or only partially dried, compared with alcohol-free dried nitrocotton, the process thoroughly avoids the expense and time consumption caused by the drying process, and the production cost of the firework is reduced.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, and not limitative thereof; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.