阅读说明：本技术 一种尖轨 (Switch rail ) 是由 关铁 于 2019-02-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种尖轨,所述尖轨为全纤维结构,包括尖端部分(1)和主体部分(2),所述尖端部分(1)和所述主体部分连接成为一个整体；所述尖轨的制作方法,步骤如下：(1)、坯料制备：配置单合金或多合金电渣钢锭；(2)、坯料压制：将电渣钢锭压制成定型坯料,压制温度为850℃-1250℃；(3)、锻造成型：采用轧辊将定型坯料锻造成型,锻造温度为850℃-1250℃；(4)、校直与整形；所述多合金电渣钢锭包括至少两种合金元素。与现有技术相比,具有节约能源,材料利用率高,纤维组织免受破坏,尺寸准确,表面光洁度好,极大地提高了尖轨的机械性能,抗疲劳寿命提高。(The invention relates to a switch rail, which is of an all-fiber structure and comprises a tip part (1) and a main body part (2), wherein the tip part (1) and the main body part are connected into a whole; the manufacturing method of the switch rail comprises the following steps: (1) and preparing a blank: preparing single alloy or multi-alloy electroslag steel ingots; (2) and blank pressing: pressing the electroslag steel ingot into a shaped blank, wherein the pressing temperature is 850-1250 ℃; (3) and forging and forming: forging and forming the shaped blank by using a roller, wherein the forging temperature is 850-1250 ℃; (4) straightening and shaping; the multi-alloy electroslag steel ingot comprises at least two alloy elements. Compared with the prior art, the switch rail has the advantages of energy conservation, high material utilization rate, fiber tissue damage prevention, accurate size, good surface smoothness, great improvement on the mechanical performance of the switch rail, and improvement on the fatigue resistance life.)

1. A point rail, characterized in that it is of an all-fibre construction, comprising a tip portion (1) and a body portion (2), said tip portion (1) and said body portion (2) being integrally formed by roll forging.

2. A point rail according to claim 1, characterized in that the point rail is entirely made of alloy steel; or the alloy steel and the rail steel are manufactured into a whole through electroslag melting, the tip part (1) is the alloy steel, and the main body part (2) is the rail steel.

3. A switch rail according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip portion (1) and the body portion (2) are both rail steel.

4. A method of manufacturing a point rail according to claims 1 to 3, characterized by the following steps:

(1) and preparing a blank: preparing a multi-alloy electroslag steel ingot;

(2) and blank pressing: pressing the electroslag steel ingot into a shaped blank, wherein the pressing temperature is 850-1250 ℃;

(3) and forging and forming: forging and forming the shaped blank by using a roller, wherein the forging temperature is 850-1250 ℃;

(4) straightening and shaping;

the multi-alloy electroslag steel ingot comprises at least two alloy components.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the machining method further comprises a thermomechanical treatment process, the thermomechanical treatment process comprising: the on-line real-time heat treatment process is carried out when the raw material is rolled and formed by the roller.

6. A method for making a point rail according to claim 4, characterized in that said blank preparation comprises the following steps:

a. firstly, cleaning the inner and outer surfaces of a water-cooled crystallizer, removing metal oxide skin on the surface, and starting electroslag casting after cleaning;

b. the power supply of the electroslag furnace is started, a pair of graphite electrodes is firstly installed on a mechanical rocker arm, then the graphite electrodes are electrified to melt slag to form a slag bath, the rocker arm is lifted, the graphite electrodes are replaced, a rail steel electrode bar is replaced as a consumable electrode, the electrode bar is electrified to melt in the slag bath, a new rail steel electrode bar is replaced after the electrode bar is completely melted, the process is repeated until the specified weight is reached, when all metal liquid drops pass through the slag bath, namely the electrode bar is melted to form a molten bath, the temperature is kept for a period of time, and then billet blanks are formed in a crystallizer under the forced cooling of circulating water.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of railway rail accessory processing, in particular to a switch rail.

Background

Under the background of the great development of railways, the railway fitting industry also keeps a higher development level, and the localization of equipment is one of the trends of railway fittings. The railway fittings have the characteristics of high strength, good toughness, excellent fatigue resistance, wear resistance and the like.

Railway fittings are components of railway lines, and the rails referred to herein include rails, ties, ballast beds, anti-creep devices, rail braces, switches, and the like. As an integral engineering structure, the rail is laid on a roadbed, plays a role in guiding the running of a train and directly bears the huge pressure of rolling stocks and loads thereof. Under the power of train operation, each component of the train has to have sufficient strength and stability to ensure that the train operates safely, smoothly and uninterruptedly at the specified maximum speed.

The switch points are important parts in the switch and rely on the pulling of the switch points to guide the train in either the siding or the main siding direction. The invention of application No. 201510190449.3 discloses a point rail comprising a tip portion and a body portion; one side of tip portion is for planing the tangent plane, be provided with a plurality of buffer member on the plane of planing, a plurality of buffer member is followed the length direction of tip portion distributes, follows the head of tip portion to the root of tip portion extends, and the height of a plurality of buffer member increases gradually, buffer member includes shaft-like part and tube-shape part, the latter half of shaft-like part sets up inside the tube-shape part, the first half of shaft-like part stretches out the top of tube-shape part, the lower tip of shaft-like part is connected to the one end of a spring, the other end of spring is connected to the bottom of tube-shape part, the upper end of shaft-like part is fixed with first rubber pad, the tube-shape part is fixed plane on the plane of slicing. The invention arranges a buffer part at the tip part, and the buffer part offsets the impact and friction to reduce the abrasion to the tip part. However, through the observation and analysis of the distribution of the point streamline produced by the current process, a plurality of insurmountable defects still exist:

(1) the metal fibers are distributed disorderly, and the streamline distribution of the metal fibers is required to be as close to the tip of the switch rail as possible to conform to the outline of the switch rail, so that the fatigue life of the switch rail is prolonged;

(2) because a planing treatment mode is adopted, a large number of cutting marks are left, and the cutting edge cutting marks are positioned on the surface of the part and are vertical to the stress direction, the possibility that the cutting marks become sources of cracks is increased, and the service life of the part is shortened;

(3) the planing and cutting operation process and the trimming processing step reduce the utilization rate of materials.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an integrally forged point rail with long service life, full fiber structure and high reliability, the integrally forged point rail method omits the mechanical processing of the side surface of the point part, greatly improves the utilization rate of materials, reduces the processing link, shortens the manufacturing period of one side surface of the point part, can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost of the point, and can realize the on-line heat treatment while realizing the point forming by arranging a heat treatment device, thereby ensuring the performance of the point while meeting the size of the point.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a point rail, characterized in that said point rail is of an all-fiber construction comprising a tip portion and a body portion, said tip portion and said body portion being integrally formed by roll forging.

Further, the switch rail is integrally made of alloy steel; or the alloy steel and the rail steel are manufactured into a whole by electroslag melting, the tip part is the alloy steel, and the main part is the rail steel.

Further, the tip portion and the body portion are both rail steel.

Further, the manufacturing method of the switch rail comprises the following steps:

(1) and preparing a blank: preparing a multi-alloy electroslag steel ingot;

(2) and blank pressing: pressing the electroslag steel ingot into a shaped blank, wherein the pressing temperature is 850-1250 ℃;

(3) and forging and forming: forging and forming the shaped blank by using a roller, wherein the forging temperature is 850-1250 ℃;

(4) straightening and shaping;

the multi-alloy electroslag steel ingot comprises at least three alloy elements.

Further, the processing method further comprises a thermomechanical treatment process, wherein the thermomechanical treatment process comprises the following steps: the on-line real-time heat treatment process is carried out when the raw material is rolled and formed by the roller.

Further, the blank preparation comprises the following steps:

a. firstly, cleaning the inner and outer surfaces of a water-cooled crystallizer, removing metal oxide skin on the surface, and starting electroslag casting after cleaning;

b. the power supply of the electroslag furnace is started, a pair of graphite electrodes is firstly installed on a mechanical rocker arm, then the graphite electrodes are electrified to melt slag to form a slag bath, the rocker arm is lifted, the graphite electrodes are replaced, a rail steel electrode bar is replaced as a consumable electrode, the electrode bar is electrified to melt in the slag bath, a new rail steel electrode bar is replaced after the electrode bar is completely melted, the process is repeated until the specified weight is reached, when all metal liquid drops pass through the slag bath, namely the electrode bar is melted to form a molten bath, the temperature is kept for a period of time, and then billet blanks are formed in a crystallizer under the forced cooling of circulating water.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

(1) the invention provides an integrally forged switch rail which has long service life, full fiber structure and high reliability.

(2) The method for integrally forging the switch rail provided by the invention omits the mechanical processing of the side surface of the tip part, greatly improves the utilization rate of materials, reduces the processing links, shortens the manufacturing period of the side surface of the tip part, and reduces the manufacturing cost of the tip.

(3) The method for integrally forging the switch rail provided by the invention realizes the on-line heat treatment while realizing the tip molding through the thermomechanical treatment process, and ensures the performance of the tip while meeting the size of the tip.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of the point rail of the present invention.

Reference numerals

A tip portion 1, a body portion 2.

Detailed Description