阅读说明：本技术 大蒜-葱属植物蒜的植物学种子 (Garlic-botanical seed of Allium plant Garlic ) 是由 伦纳特·克里斯派·阿德斯 爱德华·阿尔范索斯·朗格戴克 马丁·斯洛特 于 2018-01-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及能够产生大量植物学种子、即每株大蒜植物至少500粒可育性种子的大蒜植物。本发明进一步涉及本发明的大蒜植物在用于产生植物学种子、即每株大蒜植物至少500粒可育性种子中的用途,并且涉及可从本发明的大蒜植物中获得的种子和植物部分。具体地,本发明涉及能够产生每株大蒜植物至少500粒可育性种子的大蒜植物,其中所述可育性种子可通过使雄性不育大蒜亲本植物与雄性可育大蒜亲本植物杂交获得,并且其中所述大蒜雄性不育植物的开花表型类型为每株植物至少5朵花并且基本上没有鳞芽和/或所述大蒜雄性可育植物的开花表型类型为每株植物至少5朵花并且基本上没有鳞芽。(The present invention relates to garlic plants capable of producing a large number of vegetative seeds, i.e. at least 500 fertile seeds per garlic plant. The invention further relates to the use of the garlic plants of the invention for producing phytological seeds, i.e. at least 500 fertile seeds per garlic plant, and to seeds and plant parts obtainable from the garlic plants of the invention. In particular, the present invention relates to a garlic plant capable of producing at least 500 fertile seeds per garlic plant, wherein said fertile seeds are obtainable by crossing a male sterile garlic parent plant with a male fertile garlic parent plant, and wherein said garlic male sterile plant has a type of flowering phenotype of at least 5 flowers per plant and is substantially free of bulbi and/or said garlic male fertile plant has a type of flowering phenotype of at least 5 flowers per plant and is substantially free of bulbi.)

1. A garlic plant capable of producing at least 500 fertile seeds per garlic plant, wherein said fertile seeds are obtainable by crossing a male sterile garlic parent plant with a male fertile garlic parent plant, and wherein said garlic male sterile plant has a type of flowering phenotype of at least 5 flowers per plant and is substantially free of bulbi and/or said garlic male fertile plant has a type of flowering phenotype of at least 5 flowers per plant and is substantially free of bulbi.

2. The garlic plant of claim 1, wherein the garlic plant is a hybrid.

3. The garlic plant according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the garlic plant is capable of producing at least 1000 fertile seeds per garlic plant.

4. The garlic plant according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the garlic plant has a flowering phenotype of at least 5 flowers per plant and is substantially free of bulbil as found in the deposit NCIMB 42869.

5. The garlic plant according to claim 4, wherein the flowering phenotype as found in the deposit NCIMB 42869 is derived from, or is derived from, the male fertile garlic plant and/or the male sterile garlic plant.

6. The garlic plant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the garlic plant has a flowering phenotype type of at least 6 to 8 flowers per plant and is substantially free of bulbil.

7. Use of a garlic plant according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for the production of a botanical seed.

8. A method for producing garlic hybrid seed, the method comprising vegetative propagation of a garlic plant according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. Seed obtainable from a garlic parent plant according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. Plant part obtainable from a garlic parent plant according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

11. The plant part of claim 10, wherein the plant part is a garlic clove.

12. A method for producing garlic botanical seeds, the method comprising the steps of:

a) providing a garlic plant according to any one of claims 1 to 6;

b) allowing the garlic plant to produce seeds;

c) harvesting said produced seed.

Examples

The crop is mainly asexually propagated due to the poor flowering of garlic, resulting in no or very low seed yield. Due to the lack of crossing, there are few genetic variations available, and garlic has many problems with infection by viruses and pathogens due to the long period of asexual reproduction. In view of the above, it would be desirable to develop a method for efficiently supplying basic garlic material free of accumulated pathogens such as viroids, viruses, bacteria, nematodes and fungi. The inventors solved this problem by developing garlic plants that are substantially free of bulbil in the flower structure (fig. 1). These novel plants are capable of bearing large quantities of garlic true seeds (TGS).

As an average over many years, planted garlic bulbs produce 6 to 8 flowers with a total yield of 2.33 grams of seeds, corresponding to-1,280 seeds per plant (average number of seeds per gram of 550 seeds). These seeds are normal in that they do not wither or become misshapen, and have a germination rate of at least 60% and up to 90% after the cessation of dormancy. In one example, even 9 grams of seeds (4,400 seeds) were harvested from one plant.

Table III: comparison of seed yield between materials described in references 7, 8,9 and the present application

Origin of origin	Seed yield/plant (assuming 8 flowers per plant)
		Etoh et al.	16
Pooler et al.	＜1
		US 5,746,024 (fig. 2)	26
This application	1280

Male sterile garlic plants can also be identified because of the availability of fruit bearing plants. This in turn opens up the possibility of developing garlic hybrids with male and female garlic lines as parent material.

The material is substantially free of viruses because propagation of several generations of asexual material is avoided. The use of plants grown from essentially disease-free TGS also has the following advantages: less chemicals must be applied to the growing crop.

Detailed description of the invention

In a first embodiment of the invention, seeds are germinated on filter paper under continuous light at a temperature of 20 ℃. Germination was determined after 20-28 days.

In a second embodiment of the invention, seeds are primed and then sown at 7 months (northern europe); seedlings were transferred to soil at 10 months and plants developed mature bulbs at 6/7 months of the following year. These bulbs are transferred to a suitable seed production site where the plant will flower after winter season and the seeds harvested after flowering and fruiting.

In another embodiment, the seedling develops bulbs after they have grown to maturity and these bulbs divide into numerous garlic cloves. These garlic cloves can be used to further augment the vegetative material and sold as healthy raw material for commercial garlic production.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the use of seeds instead of garlic cloves results in a substantial reduction in the transportation, storage of the garlic bulbs and/or garlic cloves.

In another embodiment of the invention, the application of seeds from substantially disease-free plants avoids the use of protective chemicals to combat some diseases.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, less treatment of the material is possible, as the use of seeds is much less labour intensive than the use of bulbs and/or garlic cloves; the bulbs and/or garlic cloves must be washed and carefully stored after harvesting.

In another embodiment of the invention, the use of Doubled haploid induction technology (double haploid inducing technique), such as anther culture, microspore culture (from a male fertile line) or egg cell culture, is used to develop the parental line; the time required to develop such materials is greatly reduced.

In another embodiment of the invention, the possibility of genetic crosses between garlic varieties broadens the genetic basis of new varieties, resulting in, for example, increased disease resistance, yield and/or quality.

In another embodiment, crossing between durable garlic varieties opens up the possibility of developing cultivars that are suitable for specific geographical areas or climatic conditions.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the availability of seeds opens up the possibility of seed treatment, priming, pelleting, etc., all of which promote healthy crops. The application of these seed technology treatments adds more unique characteristics to the crop garlic from seeds.

Typically, seeds may germinate later due to a mechanism called dormancy. This natural biological mechanism prevents seeds from germinating prematurely in the season; after a longer cold period, the seeds are ready to germinate. In this way, plantlets are produced that have no or reduced risk of freezing. However, for plant growers, dormancy is a process that prevents timely germination also when sown shortly after harvesting. Various methods have been developed in the past to break dormancy, including:

-dehulling (Scarification), deliberately breaking the seed husk and thus allowing water and air to migrate to the germ;

stratification (Stratification), keeping the seeds (eventually in the soil) at low temperature, so as to simulate in practice the winter;

priming (Priming), pre-germination of the seeds until the seed is about to germinate. This results in an early and very uniform germination of the primed seeds; this process also provides a sleep-breaking effect.

In addition, due to the rapid growth of crops, the need to combat weeds is low, as crops grown very early are sufficient to cover the soil to prevent weeds from competing with the desired crop. Furthermore, the priming enables the cultivation of crops in areas with short growing seasons.

Modern sowing equipment requires round seeds to ensure good sowing results. Since many seeds do not meet this requirement, techniques have been developed to provide seeds with a layer of material (e.g., clay) that provides the desired shape and smoothness of the seeds and also increases the weight of the seeds. Seed treatments such as canning (adding just enough material to cover irregularities in the seed coat) and pelleting (in addition, giving the seed a uniform circular shape and desired size) can be performed.

In the context of the present invention, coating may be defined as a relatively thin layer of polymer provided to the seed; fungicides or insecticides can be added to the polymer to protect the seed from soil-borne pathogens and insects. In addition, dyes may be added, giving the opportunity to check that the seed drill is correct. Alternatively, other beneficial compounds may be added as micronutrients or beneficial microorganisms for promoting seedling growth. Furthermore, it is possible to add compounds that promote germination as plant hormones.

The encrusted seed is not only covered with polymer (with or without additional substances) as described above, but the seed has a smooth surface. This makes drilling easier and the increased weight enables a more accurate direct drilling of seeds treated in this way. By granulation, the seeds are covered with more material (e.g., polymer-bound clay) to produce regularly shaped round particles. In addition to ultimately having the protective substance described above, the pellet may also be constructed in such a way that: so that it will melt or split after absorbing water. And (3) initiation: priming or pre-germination is a treatment that provides sufficient moisture to the seed to initiate germination of the germ inside the seed. This results in faster seedling emergence, higher emergence rates and better growth. It is believed that this onset results in a good root system entering the soil early and growing faster.

All these techniques, together with the unique characteristics of garlic true seeds, make possible a completely new competitive way to grow healthy and more diverse garlic crops.

With the availability of TGS, it is possible to grow healthy garlic cloves in several practical ways:

-performing direct drilling of seeds for direct planting of garlic bulbs and garlic cloves in the field

Planting seedlings in small pots in a greenhouse or the like and transplanting them in the field

Growing garlic cloves or bulbs from first generation plants grown from seeds and using them for further cultivation. Such materials may be considered equivalent to the AA class material abbreviations and terms from asexual propagation material