阅读说明：本技术 一种重锤转缆编队及其减旋和上行方法 (Heavy hammer rotating cable formation and rotation reducing and ascending method thereof ) 是由 张明 于 2019-03-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：太空中工作的转缆系统面临着宇宙飞船2的角动量过大、转缆系统减旋困难的问题。外移转缆系统的工作过程很快,但是放出缆绳非常长,占用空域过大,有触地的可能性。本发明提供一种带重锤转缆系统编队,利用重锤和两个转缆系统,能够大大减少宇宙飞船2上行过程中带来的角动量,并且大幅降低了减旋的难度,同时大大减少了空域的占用。利用这种技术,编队能够高效、快速地实现上行过程。(Cable-winding systems operating in space face the problems of excessive angular momentum of the spacecraft 2 and difficulty in de-winding the cable-winding system. The working process of the external transfer cable system is fast, but the cable is very long to be released, the occupied space is too large, and the possibility of touching the ground exists. The invention provides a formation system with a heavy hammer and a cable rotating system, which can greatly reduce the angular momentum brought by the ascending process of a spacecraft 2 by using the heavy hammer and two cable rotating systems, greatly reduce the difficulty of rotation reduction and greatly reduce the occupation of an airspace. By utilizing the technology, the formation can realize the uplink process efficiently and quickly.)

1. The utility model provides a weight changes cable formation, relates to the system of changing the cable, changes the cable system and comprises central station, hoist engine, hawser (4), characterized by:

the heavy hammer cable-transferring formation is composed of a cable-transferring system (5) (called a large system) with a large rated butt joint radius, a cable-transferring system (5) (called a small system) with a small rated butt joint radius and at least one heavy hammer (1); a weight is an object with a certain mass; the rated butt joint radius of the large system is larger than that of the small system;

the revolution directions (10) of the large system and the small system are the same; the large system (5) is used for butting the carrier rocket, and the revolution and rotation directions of the large system are the same;

the maximum included angle between the planes of the revolution orbits (1) of the two cable rotating systems is less than 2 degrees;

the two cable systems meet in a meeting area (4) in the revolution process; in the meeting area (4), the distance between the centroids of the two cable transfer systems is less than 500km, and the maximum difference of the altitudes is less than 200 km;

2. the weight-on-cable formation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the maximum included angle between the planes of the revolution orbits (1) of the two cable rotating systems is less than 1 degree; the included angle between the geocentric connecting lines of the two cable-rotating systems at the near place is less than 4 degrees; the two cable-winding systems (5) are close to each other and are spaced from each other by less than 1000 km.

3. The weight-on-cable formation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: at the meeting area, the distance between the centroids of the two cable-transfer systems (5) is less than 150 km; the difference of the elevation heights of the mass centers of the two cable-rotating systems is less than 150 km; .

4. The weight-on-cable formation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: revolution planes of the two cable rotating systems (5) are overlapped, and rotation planes of the two cable rotating systems are also overlapped with the revolution plane.

5. The weight-on-cable formation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the revolution orbits of the centroids of the two cable rotating systems (5) are overlapped, and the two cable rotating systems are arranged in front and back; the meeting area is the near point of the revolution orbit of the two cable-rotating systems.

6. The weight-on-cable formation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the large system (5) is arranged at the front of the advancing direction of the team revolution.

7. The weight-on-cable formation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the rated docking centrifugal acceleration of the small system (5) is more than 300m/s 2.

8. The weight-on-cable formation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the rated butt joint radius of the small system (5) is less than 10 km.

9. The weight-on-cable formation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the small system (5) nominal docking radius is less than 1/6 of the large system nominal docking radius.

10. The weight-on-cable formation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the large system (5) meets the small system at least once within 3 revolution periods.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the fields of rocket launching, aerospace, satellites and the like, in particular to a heavy hammer cable-rotating formation which is used for assisting a rocket in launching and assisting a spacecraft in entering space.

Background

The orbital orbit of most satellites is an elliptical orbit. The point of the elliptical orbit closest to the geocenter is the perigee point and the point furthest from the earth is the apogee point.

The cable transfer system comprises an outer transfer cable transfer system and a space cable transfer system.

An external transfer cable system works in space and comprises two balance weights, a central station, two multi-strand ropes and an energy dissipation winch, wherein the multi-strand ropes are respectively connected with a mass center and the balance weights, and the multi-strand ropes and the balance weights rotate around the mass center. The energy dissipation winch is a winch with a plurality of disc brakes inside and has the characteristics of large heat absorption capacity and strong braking capacity. The energy dissipation winch is arranged at the central station or one of the balance weights; and a cable is wound on the energy dissipation winch and is withdrawn or released by the energy dissipation winch. The end of the cable pulls a load or other equipment. The external transfer cable system is the content of patent 201811406250X.

A quick diameter-changing device relates to a winch, wherein the winch comprises a winding drum and a motor, and the quick diameter-changing device comprises a transmission device, a battery and at least two winches; power and energy are transmitted between the battery and the winches and between the two winches through the transmission device; the two winches can be mutually driven, or the motors of the winches generate electric energy to be stored in the batteries, or the batteries release the electric energy to drive the winches;

the transmission device is a converter, and the battery and the motors of the two winches are respectively connected with the converter through wires; electric transmission is realized between the windlass and between the windlass and the battery through the current transformer, and power and energy are transmitted.

A space cable transfer system comprises a central station, two counterweights and two multi-strand ropes, wherein the central station is arranged in the middle, and the two counterweights rotate around a mass center at two sides; while the solar cable system revolves around the earth; the central station is provided with a quick diameter changing device, a winding drum of each winch of the quick diameter changing device is wound with a cable, and the cable is used for connecting a balance weight and a load; the quick diameter-changing device is used for releasing or retracting the cable through the winding drum to control the inward movement and outward movement of the counterweight and the load; the ends of the counterweight ropes are provided with pulleys which are respectively buckled with the corresponding strands of ropes. In which the ropes pulling the load are called main ropes. Too-idle cable systems, quick reducing devices are the subject of patent 2018111758340.

The docking technique can be found in NASA or in the book, "guidance on the formation of spacecraft" Munrong, page 207, "capture mechanism". The catching mechanism is a large light mesh cage, and when the spacecraft meets the mesh cage, the mesh cage sleeves the spacecraft, so that catching is completed. If the revolution speed of the system is 7.5km/s and the rotation linear speed of the mesh cage at the tail end is 2km/s, the carrier rocket only needs to reach the speed of 7.5-2=5.5km/s and meet the mesh cage at the tail end at a preset position. Or a hook is arranged at the tail end of the spacecraft, and the spacecraft is hooked.

The load is primarily a space vehicle 2 or other space cargo.

Ascending: refers to the process of the load entering space from the earth.

The r value refers to the radius of rotation of the cable end, load, derotation device, or other equipment about the center of mass of the cable system. When the load moves outwards and inwards, the r value changes. R refers to the nominal docking radius of the docking load of the cable system, and is usually several kilometers to several tens of kilometers in value. When the cable-rotating system is in butt joint with the load of the carrier rocket, the rated butt joint linear velocity and centrifugal acceleration are also provided. The nominal docking centrifugal acceleration is the centrifugal acceleration during docking.

Outward shift multiple: after each cable-rotating system is loaded, the cable is released, and the rotating radius is increased. Let the radius of rotation when butt joint be r, the cable rope is let out to the radius of rotation be x r, x is greater than or equal to 1, then throw off the load, x is just the excursions multiple. In the rotation reducing task, the rotation radius of the rotation reducing equipment during working is x times of the rated butt joint radius, and x is also an outward moving multiple. The outward moving times are doubled, and fuel consumption or working time in the rotation reducing work is reduced by half.

De-rotation is the most difficult aspect of a rotating cable system. When the load is butted, the load brings about angular momentum of 1 x 10^11kg.m ^2/s magnitude to the cable-rotating system, which is more than ten million times of that of a common wheel. The mooring rope and the stranded rope of the cable rotating system are more than tens of kilometers long, no supporting point provides torque, and angular momentum is difficult to eliminate. The longer the cable of the cable-diverting system, the more angular momentum is brought about during the butt joint.

Angular momentum is a physical quantity related to the displacement and momentum of an object to the origin, and is a physical quantity describing the rotation of an object around an axis. The calculation method of the angular momentum is as follows: m r v, where m represents mass, r represents radius of rotation, and v represents linear velocity. See book university Physics 2013 edition, Tuihua, section 3.5.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a heavy hammer-rotating cable formation team, which aims to solve the problems of overlarge angular momentum and difficult rotation reduction of a cable rotating system and eliminates the angular momentum by using a heavy hammer. In the ascending process, the increased angular momentum is little, and the angular momentum can be eliminated only by transferring the heavy hammer once. The spin reduction becomes easy.

In the revolution process of each cable-rotating system, due to the ineffectiveness factors such as orbit perturbation and the like or the processes such as load butt joint and the like, the mass center deviates from the standard orbit by 0.01-5km, which belongs to the normal range.

A heavy hammer changes the cable formation, relate to the system of changing the cable, change the cable system and is made up of central station, hoist engine, hawser, the heavy hammer changes the cable formation and is made up of a large cable system of change (called the big system) of the radius of nominal butt joint, a small cable system of change (called the small system) of the radius of nominal butt joint, at least one heavy hammer; a weight is an object with a certain mass; the rated butt joint radius of the large system is larger than that of the small system;

the revolution directions of the large system and the small system are the same; the large system is used for butting the carrier rocket, and the revolution and rotation directions of the large system are the same; the maximum included angle between the planes of the revolution orbits of the two cable rotating systems is less than 2 degrees; the two cable rotating systems meet at one meeting area in the revolution process; in the meeting area, the distance between the centroids of the two cable transfer systems is less than 500km, and the maximum difference of the altitude is less than 200 km;

as an improvement on the heavy hammer cable-rotating formation, the maximum included angle between the planes of the revolution orbits of the two cable-rotating systems is less than 1 degree; the included angle between the geocentric connecting lines of the two cable-rotating systems at the near place is less than 4 degrees; the two cable-rotating systems are close to each other and are spaced from each other by less than 1000 km.

As an improvement to the formation of a heavy hammer-mooring line, the distance between the centroids of two mooring line systems at the meeting area is less than 150 km; the difference of the elevation heights of the mass centers of the two cable-rotating systems is less than 150 km; .

As an improvement on the heavy hammer cable-rotating formation, the revolution planes of the two cable-rotating systems coincide, and the rotation planes of the two cable-rotating systems also coincide with the revolution plane.

As an improvement on the formation of the heavy hammer-shaped cable-rotating system, the revolution orbits of the mass centers of the two cable-rotating systems are overlapped, and the two cable-rotating systems are arranged in front and back; the meeting area is the near point of the revolution orbit of the two cable-rotating systems.

As an improvement on the formation of the heavy hammer-cable-rotating formation, the large system is arranged at the front of the revolution advancing direction of the formation.

As an improvement to the formation of a heavy hammer-over-cable formation, the rated docking centrifugal acceleration of the small system is more than 300m/s ^ 2.

As an improvement to the formation of a heavy hammer-to-cable formation, the nominal butt radius of the small system is less than 10 km.

As an improvement to the heavy hammer-to-cable formation, the rated docking radius of the small system is 1/6 smaller than that of the large system.

As an improvement to the heavy hammer-to-cable formation, the large system meets the small system at least once within 3 revolution periods.

As an improvement on the heavy hammer cable-rotating formation, the rotation directions of the two cable-rotating systems are the same, and the rotation directions are the same as the revolution directions.

As an improvement on the heavy hammer cable-transferring formation, the large system and the small system are provided with quick diameter-changing devices; the large system is provided with two energy dissipation winches which are part of the quick reducing device; the large system is a place where people live, work or travel.

As an improvement to a heavy hammer-over-cable formation, the mass of the small system is at least 20 times the mass of the rated load of the large system; the weight has a mass at least 3 times the mass of the rated load of the large system, and the minimum value is 3 tons.

As an improvement on the formation of a heavy hammer-to-cable formation, the heavy hammer is composed of a superconducting cable, a winding and unwinding device and two electric propellers, wherein the two electric propellers are respectively connected to two ends of the cable; the weight has a rocket motor.

A rotation reducing method for a heavy hammer rotating cable formation, a heavy hammer is used for reducing rotation of a large system,

a. the large system discharges the cable rope, the cable rope pulls the heavy hammer to move outwards, and after a certain r value is reached, the heavy hammer is separated from the large system;

b. the cable of the small system is connected with a heavy hammer.

As an improvement to the rotation reducing method, when the heavy hammer leaves the large system, the R value is greater than 0.8 times of the R value of the large system.

As an improvement to the rotation reducing method, when the heavy hammer leaves the large system, the linear speed is 0.1-1km/s, and is less than 1/3 of the rated butt joint linear speed.

As an improvement of the rotation reducing method, after the heavy hammer is connected to the small system cable, the heavy hammer is pulled by the small system cable to move outwards, so that the R value of the heavy hammer is more than 2 times of the R value of the small system, and then the R value is transmitted to the large system.

As an improvement to the rotation reducing method, the cable of the large system is within 10 degrees around the lower point when the cable is thrown away from the weight, and the cable of the small system is within 20 degrees around the lower point when the cable is attached to the weight.

As an improvement to the rotation reducing method, the cable of the large system is within 10 degrees around the upper point when the cable is thrown away from the heavy hammer, and the cable of the small system is within 20 degrees around the upper point when the cable is attached to the heavy hammer.

As an improvement to the rotation reducing method, the difference between the altitude of the separation point of the heavy hammer thrown off the large system and the altitude of the butt joint point of the heavy hammer on the small system is less than 10 km.

As an improvement to the rotation reduction method, after the weight is butted by a small system, the weight moves outwards, and then the cable is released to reduce the rotation.

An ascending method for heavy hammer cable-transferring formation,

a. the carrier rocket meets the large system, and the tail end of the cable of the large system is connected with a load;

b. the large system pulls the heavy hammer to move outwards by using a rotation reduction method; then, the heavy hammer is thrown away, and the small system is connected with the heavy hammer;

c. the load is moved inward to a central station of the large system or thrown off the large system.

As an improvement on the ascending method, the angular momentum of the heavy hammer when the heavy hammer leaves the large system is more than 0.8 times of the angular momentum when the large system is loaded.

As an improvement to the uplink method, the load is disconnected from the large system and connected by the small system.

As an improvement to the ascending method, the weight is moved outwards to the position of the following load and connected together to separate from the large system, and then the two are connected by the small system.

A method for increasing rotation of a heavy hammer rotation cable formation system is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the small system throws out the heavy hammer,

the large system releases the mooring rope, the tail end of the mooring rope is connected with a heavy hammer, the butt joint radius is larger than 0.3 time of the rated butt joint radius of the large system, and the linear speed is larger than 0.1 time of the rated butt joint linear speed of the large system;

the large system winds the cable, so that the heavy hammer moves inwards.

A method for preventing collision by using a heavy hammer is characterized in that:

the rear cable-rotating system throws a heavy hammer forward in the revolution direction and is connected with the front cable-rotating system;

or the heavy hammer is thrown out of the front cable rotating system towards the rear of the revolution direction, and the rear cable rotating system is connected with the upper cable rotating system.

As an improvement of a method for preventing collision by using a heavy hammer, the heavy hammer is thrown out from the rear cable-rotating system to the front of the revolution direction, and the front cable-rotating system is connected;

taking the front cable-transferring system as a reference object, setting the speed of the rear cable-transferring system as Deltav, setting the mass of the front cable-transferring system and the mass of the rear cable-transferring system as M1 and M2 respectively, and setting the mass of the weight as M; the weight is arranged with the rear cable-changing system, and the mass of the weight added on the rear cable-changing system is M2+ M; then the speed of the heavy hammer thrown out by the rear cable diversion system is more than or equal to:

this velocity is relative to a reference.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a spin reduction process.

Fig. 2, a schematic diagram of an uplink method.

Reference numerals

And 1, a heavy hammer. And 2, loading. And 3, autorotation. 4, a cable. And 5, a cable diversion system. 8, separation point. 9, butting joints. 10, revolution direction. 11, the movement track of the weight.

Advantageous effects

The invention well solves the problem that a single cable-rotating system generates ultra-large angular momentum for butting a spacecraft, reduces the angular momentum generated by formation by 1 order of magnitude, and has very remarkable progress. And the angular momentum generated by formation is basically concentrated in a small system, and the rated butt joint radius of the small system is smaller by 1 order of magnitude.

Generally, a small system only needs to be connected with a heavy hammer, and people and goods are not connected with the heavy hammer, and the heavy hammer can tolerate very large centrifugal acceleration. This allows small system rated centrifugal accelerations to be very high, even above 2000m/s 2. This allows the nominal docking radius of small systems to be very small. The outward shift factor can be very large, even up to more than 6, so that the rotation reduction is very easy.

With the weight formation, the angular velocity of a large system is greatly reduced due to the rapid outward movement of the weight, the centrifugal acceleration of the load is rapidly reduced, and the high centrifugal time of the spacecraft in the ascending process is reduced by more than 70%.

The heavy hammer transfer cable formation has the outstanding advantage that the load only needs to be butted once, and then is moved into a central station or thrown out to enter a high-orbit space orbit without needing to be butted for the second time.

Compared with cable transfer system formation, the cable transfer formation with the heavy hammer only needs 2 cable transfer systems, and the small system has the advantages of high flexibility, low track limitation and low mass.

Detailed Description

The following description is only exemplary of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above exemplary embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.