Light heat-proof composite material and preparation method thereof
阅读说明：本技术 一种轻质防隔热的复合材料及其制备方法 (Light heat-proof composite material and preparation method thereof ) 是由 范开春 王辉 涂正光 王博哲 于 2020-05-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请公开一种轻质防隔热的复合材料及其制备方法,涉及热防护结构技术领域,所述复合材料由复合织物完全浸没在树脂基体中,采用低压树脂传递模塑成型RTM工艺固化制成；其中,所述复合织物包括多个层叠连接的单层织物,每个单层织物的密度均不同,且所有单层织物的密度按层叠顺序依次递减。本申请提供的复合材料具备优良的抗烧蚀、隔热以及热匹配性能；且其该制备方法简单、成本低、周期短。(The application discloses a light heat-proof and heat-insulation composite material and a preparation method thereof, which relate to the technical field of heat protection structures, wherein the composite material is prepared by completely immersing a composite fabric in a resin matrix and curing by adopting a low-pressure Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process; the composite fabric comprises a plurality of single-layer fabrics which are connected in a laminated mode, the density of each single-layer fabric is different, and the densities of all the single-layer fabrics are sequentially decreased in a laminated sequence. The composite material provided by the application has excellent ablation resistance, heat insulation and heat matching performance; and the preparation method is simple, low in cost and short in period.)
1. A light heat-proof and heat-insulation composite material is characterized in that the composite material is prepared by completely immersing a composite fabric (1) in a resin matrix and curing by adopting a low-pressure Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process; the composite fabric (1) comprises a plurality of single-layer fabrics which are connected in a laminated mode, the density of each single-layer fabric is different, and the densities of all the single-layer fabrics are sequentially decreased in a laminated sequence.
2. The lightweight insulation resistant composite as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
a sewing thread (2) which is arranged on all the single-layer fabrics and is used for sewing all the single-layer fabrics to form the composite fabric (1).
3. The lightweight thermal insulating composite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the stitching (2) is made of a carbon fiber material or a quartz fiber material.
4. The lightweight insulation resistant composite as recited in claim 1, wherein said resin matrix is a phenolic resin or a polyimide resin; and/or
The single-layer fabric is made of quartz fibers or carbon fibers.
5. The lightweight, insulation-resistant composite as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the composite fabric (1) comprises two single-layer fabrics connected one above the other, one being a high-density fabric (11) and the other being a low-density fabric (12).
6. The lightweight thermal protection and insulation composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite fabric (1) comprises three single-layer fabrics connected in a stacked manner, the single-layer fabrics of the two outer layers being respectively a high-density fabric (11) and a low-density fabric (12), and the single-layer fabric in the middle being a medium-density fabric (13).
7. The preparation method of the light heat-proof and heat-insulation composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing a plurality of single-layer fabrics each having a different density;
sequentially laminating and connecting all the single-layer fabrics according to the decreasing density sequence to form a composite fabric (1);
and completely immersing the composite fabric (1) in a resin matrix, and curing the resin matrix by adopting a low-pressure Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process to obtain the light heat-proof and heat-insulating composite material.
8. The preparation method of the light heat-proof and insulation composite material as claimed in claim 7, wherein the steps of sequentially laminating and connecting all the single-layer fabrics according to the decreasing density order to form the composite fabric (1) are as follows:
and (3) according to the order that the density of the single-layer fabrics is decreased, a suture (2) is adopted to penetrate all the laminated single-layer fabrics, and all the single-layer fabrics are sutured to form the composite fabric (1).
9. The method for preparing a lightweight thermal insulating composite material according to claim 7, wherein the composite fabric (1) is completely immersed in a resin matrix and cured by a low pressure Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process by the specific steps of:
placing the composite fabric (1) in a special mould for a low-pressure RTM process, and injecting a resin matrix into the special mould until the composite fabric (1) is completely immersed;
and applying preset pressure and preset temperature to the special die until the resin matrix and the composite fabric (1) are cured and molded.
10. The method of preparing a lightweight insulation-resistant composite as claimed in claim 9, wherein said predetermined pressure is not more than 0.2 MPa; the preset temperature does not exceed 120 ℃.
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of thermal protection structures, in particular to a light heat-proof composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The thermal protective layer is typically a single layer thermal protective layer or a composite structure of a thermal protective layer combined with a thermal insulating layer. Under the condition that the thermal protective layer is heated at a high temperature for a long time (more than 10min), the temperature of the outer surface of the thermal protective layer is generally required to be not lower than 900 ℃, the temperature of the inner surface of the thermal protective layer is not higher than 200 ℃, the density of a single-layer thermal protective layer is too low to meet the ablation resistance requirement, the density is too high to meet the thermal insulation requirement, the interface performance of a composite structure formed by the thermal protective layer and a thermal insulation layer is poor, the overall quality is large, and the thermal matching performance of. Therefore, the present application aims to research a thermal protection structure with excellent ablation resistance, thermal insulation and thermal matching performance, and simultaneously, the relative quality of the thermal protection structure can be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a light heat-proof composite material and a preparation method thereof, and the composite material is light and has excellent ablation resistance, heat insulation and heat matching performance; the preparation method is simple, low in cost and short in period.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a lightweight thermal insulation resistant composite material, where the composite material is made by completely immersing a composite fabric in a resin matrix and curing the composite fabric by a low-pressure Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process; the composite fabric comprises a plurality of single-layer fabrics which are connected in a laminated mode, the density of each single-layer fabric is different, and the densities of all the single-layer fabrics are sequentially decreased in a laminated sequence.
In this embodiment, preferably, the composite material further includes:
a sewing thread, which is arranged on all the single-layer fabrics in a penetrating way, and is used for sewing all the single-layer fabrics to form the composite fabric.
Preferably, the suture is made of carbon fiber material or quartz fiber material.
Preferably, the resin matrix is a phenolic resin or a polyimide resin; and/or
The single-layer fabric is made of quartz fibers or carbon fibers.
Preferably, the composite fabric comprises two single-layer fabrics connected in a stacked manner, one single-layer fabric being a high-density fabric and the other single-layer fabric being a low-density fabric.
Preferably, the composite fabric comprises three single-layer fabrics connected in a stacked mode, the single-layer fabrics of the two outer layers are respectively a high-density fabric and a low-density fabric, and the single-layer fabric in the middle is a medium-density fabric.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a method for preparing a lightweight thermal insulation resistant composite material, the method comprising the following steps:
providing a plurality of single-layer fabrics each having a different density;
sequentially laminating and connecting all the single-layer fabrics according to the descending order of the density of the single-layer fabrics to form a composite fabric;
and completely immersing the composite fabric in a resin matrix, and curing the composite fabric by adopting a low-pressure Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process to obtain the light heat-proof composite material.
In this embodiment, preferably, the step of sequentially stacking and connecting all the single-layer fabrics in the order of decreasing density to form the composite fabric includes:
and according to the order of decreasing the density of the single-layer fabrics, threading all the laminated single-layer fabrics by using a sewing thread, and sewing all the single-layer fabrics to form the composite fabric.
Preferably, the step of completely immersing the composite fabric in the resin matrix and curing the composite fabric by using a low-pressure Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process comprises the following specific steps:
placing the composite fabric in a special mould for a low-pressure RTM (resin transfer molding) process, and injecting a resin matrix into the special mould until the composite fabric is completely immersed;
and applying preset pressure and preset temperature to the special die until the resin matrix and the composite fabric are cured and molded.
Preferably, said preset pressure is not more than 0.2 MPa; the preset temperature does not exceed 120 ℃.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme that this application provided brought includes:
the embodiment of the application provides a light heat-proof composite material, which can improve the ablation resistance and the heat-insulating property of the composite material and has good heat matching performance, and the composite material is light, wherein the composite material with the thickness of 20mm has the comprehensive density of not more than 0.7g/cm3。
The embodiment of the application also provides a preparation method of the light heat-proof composite material, the preparation method is simple, the cost is low, the period is short, and the composite material prepared by the preparation method has good ablation resistance, heat-insulating property and heat matching property.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the distribution of a composite fabric in a lightweight thermal insulation resistant composite material according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another arrangement of composite fabrics in a lightweight thermal insulation resistant composite material according to embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a suture provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another suture of the suture provided in the examples of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph of thermal simulation time course of a composite material provided by an embodiment of the present application;
in the figure: 1. a composite fabric; 11. a high density fabric; 12. a low density fabric; 13. a medium density fabric; 2. and (4) sewing.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The embodiment of the application provides a light heat-proof composite material, which is prepared by completely immersing a composite fabric 1 in a resin matrix and curing by adopting a low-pressure Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process; the composite fabric 1 comprises a plurality of single-layer fabrics which are connected in a laminated mode, the density of each single-layer fabric is different, and the densities of all the single-layer fabrics are sequentially decreased in a laminated sequence.
The manufacturing process of the light heat-proof composite material provided by the embodiment of the application comprises the following steps:
providing a plurality of single-layer fabrics each having a different density;
sequentially laminating and connecting all the single-layer fabrics according to the descending order of the density of the single-layer fabrics to form a composite fabric 1;
and completely immersing the composite fabric 1 in a resin matrix, and curing the resin matrix by adopting a low-pressure Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process to obtain the light heat-proof composite material. When the thickness of the composite material is 20mm, the comprehensive density is not more than 0.7g/cm3。
In addition, the composite material can overcome the defects of poor heat insulation performance of a heat-proof layer structure or poor heat-clearing matching performance of a composite structure consisting of a heat-proof layer and a heat-insulating layer, effectively improves the overall ablation resistance and the heat insulation performance of the heat-proof layer structure, and can obtain good heat matching performance by immersing all fabrics in a liquid resin matrix and then curing and molding the fabrics.
Specifically, the resin matrix is phenolic resin or polyimide resin; the single-layer fabric is made of quartz fibers or carbon fibers.
Referring to fig. 1, as a preferred solution of the embodiment of the present application, the composite fabric 1 includes two single-layer fabrics connected in a stacked manner, one single-layer fabric is a high-density fabric 11, and the other single-layer fabric is a low-
Referring to fig. 2, as another preferred solution of the embodiment of the present application, the composite fabric 1 includes three single-layer fabrics connected in a stacked manner, the two outer single-layer fabrics are a high-density fabric 11 and a low-
Further, the composite material also comprises a sewing thread 2 which is arranged on all the single-layer fabrics in a penetrating way and is used for sewing all the single-layer fabrics to form the composite fabric 1. Wherein, the suture 2 is made of carbon fiber material or quartz fiber material.
Referring to fig. 3, after all the single fabrics are sequentially stacked in order of decreasing density, the single fabrics are simultaneously sewn by passing a sewing thread 2 through all the single fabrics.
Referring to fig. 4, further, two adjacent single-layer fabrics are separately connected by using the sewing thread 2 until all the single-layer fabrics are completely sewn to form the composite fabric, so that the connection reliability can be increased.
The embodiment of the application also provides a preparation method of the light heat-proof and heat-insulating composite material, which comprises the following steps:
providing a plurality of single-layer fabrics each having a different density;
sequentially laminating and connecting all the single-layer fabrics according to the descending order of the density of the single-layer fabrics to form a composite fabric 1;
and completely immersing the composite fabric 1 in a resin matrix, and curing the resin matrix by adopting a low-pressure Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process to obtain the light heat-proof composite material.
Specifically, the steps of sequentially laminating and connecting all the single-layer fabrics according to the decreasing density order to form the composite fabric 1 are as follows:
and according to the order that the density of the single-layer fabrics is decreased, a suture thread 2 is adopted to penetrate through all the laminated single-layer fabrics, and all the single-layer fabrics are sutured to form the composite fabric 1.
Specifically, the steps of completely immersing the composite fabric 1 in a resin matrix and curing the composite fabric by using a low-pressure Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process are as follows:
placing the composite fabric 1 in a special mould for a low-pressure RTM process, and injecting a resin matrix into the special mould until the composite fabric 1 is completely immersed;
and applying preset pressure and preset temperature to the special die until the resin matrix and the composite fabric 1 are cured and molded.
Wherein the preset pressure is not more than 0.2 MPa; the preset temperature does not exceed 120 ℃. And the traditional preparation pressure generally exceeds 0.5MPa, the preparation temperature generally exceeds 150 ℃, and the process parameters in the embodiment of the application are lower, so that the cost of the application is relatively lower.
The preparation method of the light heat-proof and heat-insulating composite material provided by the embodiment of the application is simple, low in cost and short in period, and the composite material prepared by the preparation method has good ablation resistance, heat-insulating property and heat matching property.
Referring to fig. 5, it is verified that, in simulation analysis of a composite material with a material thickness of 30mm, a high-density fabric is located on the outer surface, and a low-density fabric is located on the inner surface, wherein a dotted line represents a time-course graph conforming to a typical temperature environment of the outer surface of the material, a dotted line represents a time-course graph of a temperature response of 5mm inward of the outer surface, and a solid line represents a time-course graph of a temperature response of the inner surface, and it can be seen from the graph that the maximum temperature of the outer surface exceeds 1300 ℃, while the temperature of the inner surface is correspondingly smoothly and gradually decreased, and the maximum temperature of the inner surface is 170 ℃, and the duration time exceeds 1200s, so that the composite.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
It is noted that, in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.