阅读说明：本技术 一种五轴机床精度检测方法 (Precision detection method for five-axis machine tool ) 是由 谭勇 苏辉南 于 2021-06-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种五轴机床精度检测方法,包括五轴机床本体,所述五轴机床本体上安装有双臂五轴铣头,所述双臂五轴铣头上安装有检测芯棒,所述五轴机床本体上放置有大理石方尺；使用水平仪调整五轴机床本体的水平精度；通过松夹刀方式,将检测芯棒安装在双臂五轴铣头上。本发明采用通过多次的理论及试验,制定了专属的设计五轴机床精度检测方法,解决了五轴机床三直线轴X轴、Y轴、Z轴与两旋转轴A轴、C轴的机械精度检测及调整的问题；可达到快速检测五轴机床精度,不但高效简单,且保障了五轴机床的高精度加工奠定了稳固的基础的效果。(The invention provides a precision detection method of a five-axis machine tool, which comprises a five-axis machine tool body, wherein a double-arm five-axis milling head is arranged on the five-axis machine tool body, a detection core rod is arranged on the double-arm five-axis milling head, and a marble square ruler is arranged on the five-axis machine tool body; the horizontal precision of the five-axis machine tool body is adjusted by using a level meter; and (3) installing the detection core rod on the double-arm five-shaft milling head in a tool loosening and clamping manner. According to the invention, a special designed five-axis machine tool precision detection method is formulated through multiple theories and tests, and the problems of mechanical precision detection and adjustment of three linear axes X, Y and Z and two rotating axes A and C of the five-axis machine tool are solved; the method can achieve the effect of quickly detecting the precision of the five-axis machine tool, is efficient and simple, and ensures the high-precision machining of the five-axis machine tool to lay a firm foundation.)

1. The precision detection method of the five-axis machine tool is characterized by comprising a five-axis machine tool body (1), wherein a double-arm five-axis milling head (2) is mounted on the five-axis machine tool body (1), a detection core rod (3) is mounted on the double-arm five-axis milling head (2), and a marble square ruler (4) is placed on the five-axis machine tool body (1);

the horizontal precision of the five-axis machine tool body (1) is adjusted by using a level meter; installing a detection core rod (3) on the two-arm five-axis milling head (2) in a tool loosening and clamping manner;

the method comprises the steps of arranging a dial indicator and an indicator seat, adsorbing the dial indicator on a double-arm five-axis milling head (2), enabling the indicator head of the dial indicator to be in contact with the central line of the surface A of a marble square ruler (4), moving the Y axis of a five-axis machine tool body (1), adjusting the heights of two sides of the marble square ruler (4), and adjusting the heights of the two sides of the marble square ruler (4) until the left side and the right side of the surface A of the marble square ruler (4) are parallel to the Y axis.

2. The five-axis machine tool precision detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that a gauge outfit contacts the A-plane center line of the marble square ruler (4), the X axis of the five-axis machine tool body (1) is moved, the front and back height of the marble square ruler (4) is adjusted, and the A-plane left and right of the marble square ruler (4) are adjusted to be parallel to the X axis;

the gauge outfit contacts the D surface of the marble square ruler (4), the Y axis of the five-axis machine tool body (1) is moved, the marble square ruler (4) is adjusted, and the D surface of the marble square ruler (4) is adjusted to be parallel to the Y axis of the five-axis machine tool body (1).

3. The precision detection method of the five-axis machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that a gauge outfit is contacted with the C surface of the marble square ruler (4), the X axis of the five-axis machine tool body (1) is moved, the perpendicularity between the X axis and the Y axis plane is detected, and the perpendicularity is required to be less than or equal to 0.01 mm.

4. The precision detection method of the five-axis machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that a gauge outfit is contacted with the C surface of the marble square ruler (4), the Z axis of the five-axis machine tool body (1) is moved, the perpendicularity between the X axis and the Z axis plane is detected, and the perpendicularity is required to be less than or equal to 0.01 mm.

5. The precision detection method of the five-axis machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that a gauge outfit is contacted with the D surface of the marble square ruler (4), the Z axis of the five-axis machine tool body (1) is moved, the perpendicularity between the Y axis and the Z axis plane is detected, and the perpendicularity is required to be less than or equal to 0.01 mm.

6. The five-axis machine tool precision detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that a dial gauge and a gauge stand are arranged, a gauge head contacts the surface A of the marble square ruler (4), the main shaft is rotated to measure the parallelism of the surface A of the marble square ruler (4) and the joint surface of the main shaft, and the parallelism is required to be less than or equal to 0.01 mm;

and (3) the main shaft is fixed, the C axis of the double-arm five-axis milling head (2) is rotated, and the parallelism of the A surface of the marble square ruler (4) and the C axis joint surface of the double-arm five-axis milling head (2) is measured, wherein the parallelism is required to be less than or equal to 0.01 mm.

7. The precision detection method of the five-axis machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that a detection core rod (3) is fixed on the two-arm five-axis milling head (2) in a tool loosening and clamping manner, a dial indicator and a gauge stand are arranged, the gauge head contacts the detection core rod (3), a rotating main shaft returns to zero, and then a C shaft of the two-arm five-axis milling head (2) is rotated to detect the coaxiality between the main shaft and the C shaft, wherein the coaxiality is required to be less than or equal to 0.01 mm.

8. The precision detection method of the five-axis machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that a double-arm five-axis milling head (2) is used for driving a detection core rod (3) to be in the Y-axis direction, an A-axis is rotated to-90 degrees, a C-axis is rotated to 0 degrees, a dial indicator and a gauge stand are arranged, the gauge head is in contact with the detection core rod (3), after zero resetting is carried out, the A-axis is rotated to +90 degrees, the C-axis is rotated to 0 degrees, and data are read.

9. The precision detection method of the five-axis machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that a double-arm five-axis milling head (2) is used for driving a detection core rod (3) to be in the X-axis direction, an A-axis is rotated to-90 degrees, a C-axis is rotated to 90 degrees, a dial indicator and a gauge stand are arranged, the gauge head is in contact with the detection core rod (3), after the zero setting, the A-axis is rotated to +90 degrees, the C-axis is rotated to 90 degrees, and data are read.

10. The precision detection method of the five-axis machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the positioning precision and the repeated positioning precision of the X axis, the Y axis, the Z axis of the five-axis machine tool body (1), the A axis and the C axis of the two-arm five-axis milling head (2) are detected through an instrument laser interferometer, the positioning precision of the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis is required to be less than or equal to 0.01mm/500, the repeated positioning precision is required to be less than or equal to 0.008mm/500, the positioning precision of the A axis and the C axis of the two-arm five-axis milling head (2) is required to be less than or equal to +/-5 angular seconds, and the repeated positioning precision is required to be less than or equal to +/-3.5 angular seconds.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of precision detection of five-axis machine tools, in particular to a precision detection method of a five-axis machine tool.

Background

The five-axis machine tool is also called a five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool, the five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool is a machine tool which has high technological content and high precision and is specially used for processing complex curved surfaces, and the machine tool system has a very important influence on the industries of aviation, aerospace, military, scientific research, precision instruments, high-precision medical equipment and the like in one country. At present, a five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool system is the only means for solving the processing of impellers, blades, marine propellers, heavy-duty generator rotors, steam turbine rotors, large-scale diesel engine crankshafts and the like.

The invention discloses a method for detecting the space dynamic precision of a parallel machine tool in Chinese invention with the publication number of CN 104259932A. The method for detecting the spatial dynamic precision of the parallel machine tool monitors the dynamic precision of the whole machining space of the parallel machine tool by adopting a method for setting detection point positions in the machining space of the parallel machine tool, detects the dynamic precision of each detection point position by adopting a five-coordinate dynamic precision detection tool, and eliminates a detection blind area by adopting a mapping method.

In order to solve the problem of detecting and adjusting the mechanical precision of the three linear axes X, Y and Z and the two rotation axes a and C of the five-axis machine tool, a technical method is required to improve the technical problem.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a precision detection method for a five-axis machine tool.

The precision detection method of the five-axis machine tool comprises a five-axis machine tool body, wherein a double-arm five-axis milling head is mounted on the five-axis machine tool body, a detection core rod is mounted on the double-arm five-axis milling head, and a marble square ruler is placed on the five-axis machine tool body;

the horizontal precision of the five-axis machine tool body is adjusted by using a level meter; and (3) installing the detection core rod on the double-arm five-shaft milling head in a tool loosening and clamping manner.

Preferably, a dial indicator and an indicator seat are arranged, the dial indicator is adsorbed on the double-arm five-axis milling head, the indicator head of the dial indicator contacts the central line of the surface A of the marble square ruler, the Y axis of the five-axis machine tool body is moved, the heights of the two sides of the marble square ruler are adjusted, and the height of the marble square ruler is adjusted until the surface A is parallel to the Y axis;

the head of the watch contacts the central line of the surface A of the marble square ruler, the X axis of the five-axis machine tool body is moved, the front and back heights of the marble square ruler are adjusted, and the front and back heights of the marble square ruler are adjusted until the left and right surfaces A of the marble square ruler are parallel to the X axis;

the gauge outfit contacts the D surface of the marble square ruler, moves the Y axis of the five-axis machine tool body, adjusts the marble square ruler, and adjusts the marble square ruler until the D surface of the marble square ruler is parallel to the Y axis of the five-axis machine tool body.

Preferably, the gauge outfit is contacted with the C surface of the marble square ruler, the X axis of the five-axis machine tool body is moved, the perpendicularity between the X axis and the Y axis plane is detected, and the perpendicularity is required to be less than or equal to 0.01 mm.

Preferably, the gauge outfit is contacted with the C surface of the marble square ruler, the Z axis of the five-axis machine tool body is moved, the perpendicularity between the X axis and the Z axis plane is detected, and the perpendicularity is required to be less than or equal to 0.01 mm.

Preferably, the gauge outfit is contacted with the D surface of the marble square ruler, the Z axis of the five-axis machine tool body is moved, the verticality between the Y axis and the Z axis plane is detected, and the verticality is required to be less than or equal to 0.01 mm.

Preferably, a dial gauge and a gauge stand are arranged, the gauge head contacts the surface A of the marble square ruler, the main shaft is rotated to measure the parallelism of the joint surface of the surface A of the marble square ruler and the main shaft, and the parallelism is required to be less than or equal to 0.01 mm;

and (3) the main shaft is fixed, the C axis of the double-arm five-axis milling head is rotated, and the parallelism of the joint surface of the A surface of the marble square ruler and the C axis of the double-arm five-axis milling head is measured, wherein the parallelism is required to be less than or equal to 0.01 mm.

Preferably, the detection core rod is fixed on the double-arm five-axis milling head in a tool loosening and clamping mode, a dial indicator and a gauge stand are arranged, the gauge stand contacts the detection core rod, the rotating main shaft returns to zero, the C shaft of the double-arm five-axis milling head is rotated to detect the coaxiality of the main shaft and the C shaft, and the coaxiality is required to be less than or equal to 0.01 mm.

Preferably, the double-arm five-axis milling head drives the detection mandrel to be in the Y-axis direction, the A-axis rotates to-90 degrees, the C-axis rotates to 0 degree, a dial indicator and a gauge stand are arranged, the gauge head contacts the detection mandrel, after zero return is carried out, the A-axis rotates to +90 degrees, the C-axis rotates to 0 degree, and data are read.

Preferably, the double-arm five-axis milling head drives the detection core rod to be in the X-axis direction, the A-axis rotates to-90 degrees, the C-axis rotates to 90 degrees, a dial indicator and a gauge stand are arranged, the gauge head contacts the detection core rod, after the zero return, the A-axis rotates to +90 degrees, the C-axis rotates to 90 degrees, and data are read.

Preferably, the positioning accuracy and the repeated positioning accuracy of an X axis, a Y axis, a Z axis of a five-axis machine tool body, an A axis and a C axis of a two-arm five-axis milling head are detected through an instrument laser interferometer, the positioning accuracy of the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis is required to be less than or equal to 0.01mm/500, the repeated positioning accuracy is required to be less than or equal to 0.008mm/500, the positioning accuracy of the A axis and the C axis of the two-arm five-axis milling head is required to be less than or equal to +/-5 second, and the repeated positioning accuracy is required to be less than or equal to +/-3.5 second.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, a special designed five-axis machine tool precision detection method is formulated through multiple theories and tests, and the problems of mechanical precision detection and adjustment of three linear axes X, Y and Z and two rotating axes A and C of the five-axis machine tool are solved;

2. the invention can quickly detect the precision of the five-axis machine tool, is efficient and simple, and ensures the high-precision processing of the five-axis machine tool to lay a firm foundation.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of a five-axis machine tool of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of a five-axis machine tool of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a structural view of a square rule of marble of the present invention.

1. Five-axis machine tool body	A. Marble square ruler A surface
		2. Double-arm five-axis milling head	B. Marble square ruler surface B
3. Detection core rod	C. Marble square ruler C surface
		4. Marble square ruler	D. Marble square ruler D surface
	E. Marble square ruler E surface

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a precision detection method for a five-axis machine tool, which comprises a five-axis machine tool body 1 placed on a floor, wherein firstly, a level gauge is used for adjusting the horizontal precision of the five-axis machine tool body 1, so that a more accurate foundation is provided for the machine tool. The double-arm five-axis milling head 2 is arranged on the five-axis machine tool body 1. When the detection core rod 3 needs to be used, the detection core rod 3 is manually arranged on the double-arm five-axis milling head 2 through a loose cutter clamping method. When the marble square ruler 4 needs to be used, the marble is placed on the five-axis machine tool body 1.

Referring to fig. 3, the machining accuracy of the equipment is based on the assembly accuracy of the machine tool body, and the five-axis machine tool high accuracy is based on the combination of the assembly line accuracy of the five-axis machine tool body 1 and the rotation accuracy of the two-arm five-axis milling head 2. Aiming at the five-axis machine tool precision detection method, a special designed five-axis machine tool precision detection method is formulated through multiple theories and tests. Firstly, a five-axis machine tool body 1 is placed on a floor, and a level gauge is used for adjusting the horizontal precision of the five-axis machine tool body 1, so that a more accurate foundation is provided for the machine tool. Placing a marble square ruler 4 in the middle of a workbench of a five-axis machine tool body 1, removing a dial indicator and a gauge stand, adsorbing the marble square ruler on a two-arm five-axis milling head 2, contacting the gauge head on the central line of the surface A of the marble square ruler 4, moving the Y axis of the five-axis machine tool body 1, and adjusting the heights of two sides of the marble square ruler 4 to enable the surface A of the marble square ruler 4 to be parallel to the Y axis in the left-right direction; similarly, the gauge outfit contacts the central line of the surface A of the marble square ruler 4, the X axis of the five-axis machine tool body 1 is moved, the front and back heights of the marble square ruler 4 are adjusted, and the surface A of the marble square ruler 4 is parallel to the X axis; the gauge outfit contacts the D surface of the marble square ruler 4, the Y axis of the five-axis machine tool body 1 is moved, and the marble square ruler 4 is adjusted to enable the D surface of the marble square ruler 4 to be parallel to the Y axis of the five-axis machine tool body 1. The marble square ruler 4 is in a relative reference state with the five-axis machine tool body 1.

And (3) contacting the surface C of the marble square ruler 4 with the gauge head, and moving the X axis of the five-axis machine tool body 1 to detect the perpendicularity of the X axis and the Y axis plane, wherein the requirement is less than or equal to 0.01 mm.

And (3) contacting the surface C of the marble square ruler 4 with the gauge head, and moving the Z axis of the five-axis machine tool body 1 to detect the perpendicularity of the X axis and the Z axis plane, wherein the requirement is less than or equal to 0.01 mm.

And (3) contacting the surface D of the marble square ruler 4 with the gauge head, moving the Z axis of the five-axis machine tool body 1, and detecting the perpendicularity of the Y axis and the Z axis plane, wherein the requirement is less than or equal to 0.01 mm.

Taking a dial gauge and a gauge stand, enabling a gauge head to contact the surface A of the marble square gauge 4, rotating a main shaft to measure the parallelism of the surface A of the marble square gauge 4 and the joint surface of the main shaft, wherein the requirement is less than or equal to 0.01mm, similarly, the main shaft is fixedly positioned, rotating the C shaft of the two-arm five-shaft milling head 2, measuring the parallelism of the surface A of the marble square gauge 4 and the joint surface C shaft of the two-arm five-shaft milling head 2, wherein the requirement is less than or equal to 0.01mm, and if the precision is greater than the requirement, adjusting the parallelism of the joint surface of the main shaft, the joint surface C shaft of the two-arm five-shaft milling head 2 and the surface A of the marble square gauge 4 by a scraping method to be less than or equal to 0.01mm to be qualified.

Fixing a detection core rod 3 on a double-arm five-axis milling head 2 by a tool loosening and clamping method, taking a dial indicator and a gauge stand gauge head to contact the detection core rod 3, enabling a rotating main shaft to return to zero, and then rotating a C shaft of the double-arm five-axis milling head 2 to detect the coaxiality of the main shaft and the C shaft, wherein the requirement is less than or equal to 0.01 mm. This is achieved by compensating the parameters of the system.

The double-arm five-axis milling head 2 is used for driving the detection core rod 3, the axis A rotates to minus 90 ℃ in the Y direction, the axis A rotates to 0 ℃, the dial indicator and the gauge stand gauge head are used for contacting the detection core rod 3, after the dial indicator and the gauge stand gauge head return to zero, the axis A rotates to plus 90 ℃ and the axis A rotates to 0 ℃, data are read, and the requirement is less than or equal to 0.015. This is achieved by compensating the parameters of the system.

The double-arm five-axis milling head 2 is used for driving the detection core rod 3, the axis A rotates to 90 ℃ below zero in the X direction, the dial indicator and the gauge stand gauge head are used for contacting the detection core rod 3, after the dial indicator and the gauge stand gauge head are reset to zero, the axis A rotates to 90 ℃ below zero, data are read, and the requirement is smaller than or equal to 0.015. This is achieved by compensating the parameters of the system.

And finally, detecting the positioning accuracy and the repeated positioning accuracy of the X-axis, the Y-axis, the Z-axis and the A-axis and the C-axis of the double-arm five-axis milling head 2 by the five-axis machine tool body 1 through an instrument laser interferometer, wherein the positioning accuracy of the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis is required to be less than or equal to 0.01mm/500, the repeated positioning accuracy is required to be less than or equal to 0.008mm/500, the positioning accuracy of the A-axis and the C-axis of the double-arm five-axis milling head 2 is required to be less than or equal to +/-5 arcseconds, and the repeated positioning accuracy is required to be less than or equal to +/-3.5 arcseconds. This is achieved by compensating the parameters of the system.

The invention adopts multiple theories and tests to formulate a special precision detection method for designing the five-axis machine tool, solves the problems of mechanical precision detection and adjustment of three linear axes X, Y and Z of the five-axis machine tool and two rotating axes A and C, can quickly detect the precision of the five-axis machine tool, is efficient and simple, and has the effect of ensuring that the high-precision processing of the five-axis machine tool lays a firm foundation

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the system and its various devices, modules, and units provided by the present invention as a purely computer readable program code means, the method steps can be fully logically programmed such that the system and its various devices, modules, and units provided by the present invention perform substantially the same functions in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units included in the system for realizing various functions can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, units for performing the various functions may also be regarded as structures within both software modules and hardware components for performing the method.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.

The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.