阅读说明：本技术 用于治疗近视的光散射镜片和包括该光散射镜片的眼镜 (Light scattering lens for treating myopia and spectacles comprising same ) 是由 小托马斯·W·沙尔伯格 彼得·霍内斯 于 2019-12-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：眼科镜片包括：镜片材料,其具有两个彼此相对的弯曲表面；光散射区；第一孔隙(例如,与光散射区相比是透明的或具有较小的散射密度/焦度),其被光散射区围绕；以及第二孔隙(例如,与光散射区相比是透明的或具有较小的散射密度/焦度),其通过光散射区的一部分与第一透明孔隙分离。(An ophthalmic lens comprising: a lens material having two curved surfaces opposite to each other; a light scattering region; a first aperture (e.g., transparent or having a lesser scattering density/power than the light scattering region) surrounded by the light scattering region; and a second aperture (e.g., transparent or having a lesser scattering density/power than the light scattering region) separated from the first transparent aperture by a portion of the light scattering region.)

1. An ophthalmic lens, comprising:

a lens material having two curved surfaces opposite each other;

a light scattering region;

a first aperture surrounded by the light scattering region, the first aperture being transparent or having a reduced scattering density/power as compared to the light scattering region; and

a second aperture separated from the first transparent aperture by a portion of the light scattering region, the second aperture being transparent or having a reduced scattering density/power as compared to the light scattering region.

2. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein the ophthalmic lens has optical power.

3. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein the separation of the clear and light scattering regions of the lens is mixed by a gradual change in scattering density/power.

4. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a single vision lens.

5. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a multifocal lens.

6. The ophthalmic lens of claim 5, wherein the multifocal lens is a progressive or free-form lens.

7. The ophthalmic lens of claim 5, wherein the multifocal lens is a bifocal lens.

8. The ophthalmic lens of claim 5, wherein the lens has a first optical power at the first transparent aperture and a second optical power at the second transparent aperture, the first and second optical powers being different.

9. The ophthalmic lens of claim 8, wherein the first optical power is selected to correct refractive errors in a user's distance vision.

10. The ophthalmic lens of claim 9, wherein the second optical power is selected to correct ametropia or magnification of a user's near vision to aid near vision work.

11. The ophthalmic lens of claim 9, wherein the second optical power is positive, providing myopic peripheral defocus in hyperopic vision through the first transparent aperture.

12. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein the first aperture is substantially centered on a lens optical axis.

13. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein the second aperture is displaced from a lens optical axis.

14. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein a region of the light scattering region separating the first transparent aperture from the second transparent aperture has different (e.g., reduced) light scattering characteristics as compared to other regions of the light scattering region.

15. The ophthalmic lens of claim 14, wherein the area of the light scattering region separating the first transparent aperture from the second transparent aperture defines a path that reduces scattering as a user naturally converges between the first transparent aperture and the second transparent aperture.

16. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein the second transparent aperture is surrounded by the light scattering region.

17. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, further comprising a transparent region surrounding the light scattering region, wherein the second transparent aperture is continuous with the transparent region.

18. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein the light scattering region comprises an optical structure sized and arranged to reduce contrast of an image viewed through the light scattering region as compared to the first or second transparent apertures.

19. An ophthalmic lens, comprising:

a multifocal lens comprising a first region having an optical power for distance vision and a second region having a different optical power for near vision;

a light scattering region;

a first transparent region surrounded by the light scattering region, the transparent region at least partially overlapping the first region of the multifocal lens;

a second transparent region at least partially overlapping the second region of the multifocal lens.

20. The ophthalmic lens of claim 19, wherein the multifocal lens is a bifocal lens.

21. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 20, wherein the bifocal lens is a prismatic bifocal lens.

22. The ophthalmic lens of claim 19, wherein the multifocal lens is a progressive lens or a free-form lens.

23. The ophthalmic lens of claim 19, wherein the first and second transparent zones are zones of a common aperture.

24. The ophthalmic lens of claim 23, wherein the common aperture is surrounded by the light scattering region.

25. The ophthalmic lens of claim 23, wherein the common aperture extends to an edge of the light scattering region.

26. The ophthalmic lens of claim 19, wherein the first and second transparent regions each define discrete apertures.

27. An ophthalmic lens, comprising:

a lens material having two opposing curved surfaces defining a lens axis;

a light scattering region;

a transparent aperture extending from the lens axis to a periphery of the light scattering region.

28. The ophthalmic lens of claim 27, wherein the lens has: a zone having a first optical power at the lens axis; and a zone having a second optical power different from the first optical power, and the transparent aperture overlaps both zones.

29. The ophthalmic lens of claim 28, wherein the first optical power is selected to correct refractive errors in a user's distance vision.

30. The ophthalmic lens of claim 28, wherein the second optical power is selected to correct ametropia or magnification of a user's near vision to aid near vision work.

31. The ophthalmic lens of claim 28, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a progressive or free-form lens.

32. The ophthalmic lens of claim 28, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a bifocal lens.

33. The ophthalmic lens of claim 34, wherein the bifocal lens is a prismatic bifocal lens.

34. An ophthalmic lens, comprising:

a multifocal lens having a first region having an optical power for distance vision and a second region having a different optical power for near vision;

a contrast-reducing zone comprising scattering centers and/or one or more small lenses for reducing image contrast for a user of the ophthalmic lens;

a first transparent region surrounded by the contrast-reducing region, the transparent region at least partially overlapping the first region of the multifocal lens; and

a second transparent region at least partially overlapping the second region of the multifocal lens.

35. An ophthalmic lens, comprising:

a lens material having two opposing curved surfaces defining a lens axis;

a contrast-reducing zone that reduces image contrast for a user of the ophthalmic lens; and

a transparent aperture extending from the lens axis to a periphery of a defocus region,

wherein the contrast-reducing zone comprises one or more lenticules and a plurality of scattering centers.

36. Spectacles comprising an ophthalmic lens according to any one of the preceding claims.

37. The eyewear of claim 38, wherein the second transparent aperture is displaced from the first transparent aperture along an axis that defines a non-zero angle a with a vertical axis of the eyewear frame.

38. The eyewear of claim 39, wherein the angle a corresponds to a path of the user's eyes as the user's gaze direction transitions from the first transparent aperture to the second transparent aperture.

39. The eyewear of claim 39, wherein the angle a corresponds to a path of a natural vergence path of the user's eyes when switching from distance vision to near vision.

40. The eyewear of claim 39, wherein a is in a range from 5 ° to 20 °.

41. The eyewear of claim 39, wherein the at least one transparent aperture of the ophthalmic lens is elongated in a vertical direction of the eyewear.

42. The eyewear of claim 39, wherein the at least one transparent aperture of the ophthalmic lens is elongated in a horizontal direction of the eyewear.

43. The eyeglasses of claim 44, wherein the at least one transparent aperture elongated in the horizontal direction is positioned for near vision during use of the eyeglasses.

Technical Field

The invention features an ophthalmic lens for treating myopia and slowing the progression of myopia.

Background

The eye is an optical sensor in which light from an external light source is focused through the lens onto the surface of the retina, which is an array of wavelength-dependent photosensors. The lens of the eye can be adjusted by changing shape so that the focal length at which the external light is optimally or near optimally focused produces an inverse image on the surface of the retina, the inverse image corresponding to the external image observed by the eye. The lens of the eye optimally or near optimally focuses light emitted or reflected by external objects located within a certain distance range of the eye and is not optimally focused or unable to focus objects located outside the distance range.

In individuals with normal vision, the axial length of the eye, or the distance from the anterior portion of the cornea to the fovea corresponds to the focal length at which distant objects approach optimal focus. The eye of a normally sighted individual focuses distant objects without input to the muscle nerves that apply forces to change the shape of the eye's lens, a process known as "accommodation". Due to the adjustment, the normal individual focuses closer nearby objects.

However, many people suffer from diseases related to eye length, such as myopia ("shortsightedness"). In myopic individuals, the axial length of the eye is longer than that required to focus distant objects without accommodation. As a result, near sighted individuals may clearly observe objects near a certain distance, but objects further away than the distance are obscured.

Typically, infants are hyperopic at birth and have eye lengths shorter than those required to optimally or near optimally focus distant objects without accommodation. During normal development of the eye (referred to as "emmetropia"), the axial length of the eye may be increased relative to other dimensions of the eye up to a length that provides near-optimal focus on distant objects without accommodation. Ideally, the biological process maintains a near-optimal relative eye length (e.g., axial length) to eye size as the eye grows to final adult size. However, in myopic individuals, the relative axial length of the eye to the overall eye size continues to increase during development beyond that which provides near-optimal focus for distant objects, resulting in increasingly pronounced myopia.

Myopia is thought to be affected by environmental as well as genetic factors. Thus, myopia can be reduced by a treatment device that addresses environmental factors. Therapeutic devices for treating diseases related to eye length, including myopia, are described, for example, in U.S. pub.No.2011/0313058A 1.

Disclosure of Invention

Various aspects of the invention are summarized below.

In general, in a first aspect, the invention features an ophthalmic lens, including: a lens material having two curved surfaces opposite to each other; a light scattering region; a first aperture (e.g., transparent or having reduced scattering density/power as compared to the light scattering region) surrounded by the light scattering region; and a second aperture (e.g., transparent or having a reduced scattering density/power as compared to the light scattering region) separated from the first transparent aperture by a portion of the light scattering region.

Embodiments of the ophthalmic lens may have one or more of the following features and/or features of other aspects. For example, the ophthalmic lens may have optical power.

The separation of the transparent and light scattering regions may be mixed by a gradual change in scattering density/power.

An ophthalmic lens may be a single vision lens or a multifocal lens (e.g., a progressive lens, a free form lens, or a bifocal lens, such as a prismatic bifocal lens). The lens may have a first optical power at the first transparent aperture and a second optical power at the second transparent aperture, the first and second optical powers being different. The first power may be selected to correct refractive errors in the user's distance vision. The second power may be selected to correct refractive errors or magnification of the user's near vision to aid near vision tasks. The second optical power may be positive, providing myopic peripheral defocus in hyperopic vision through the first transparent aperture.

The first aperture may be substantially centered on the optical axis of the lens.

The second aperture may be displaced from the lens optical axis.

The regions of the light scattering region separating the first aperture from the second aperture have different (e.g., reduced) light scattering characteristics than other regions of the light scattering region. The region of the light scattering region separating the first aperture from the second aperture defines a path that reduces scattering as a user naturally converges (vergence) between the first and second apertures.

The second aperture may be surrounded by a light scattering region.

The ophthalmic lens may comprise a transparent region surrounding the light scattering region, wherein the second transparent aperture is continuous with the transparent region.

The light scattering region may include an optical structure sized and arranged to reduce contrast of an image viewed through the light scattering region as compared to the first or second transparent apertures.

In another aspect, the invention features, among other things, an ophthalmic lens including:

a multifocal lens having a first zone with an optical power for distance vision and a second zone with a different optical power for near vision; a light scattering region; a first transparent region surrounded by the light scattering region, the transparent region at least partially overlapping the first region of the multifocal lens; a second transparent region at least partially overlapping a second region of the multifocal lens.

Embodiments of the ophthalmic lens may include one or more of the following features and/or features of other aspects. For example, the multifocal lens may be a bifocal lens (e.g., a prismatic bifocal lens), a progressive lens, or a free-form lens.

The first and second transparent regions may be a common aperture region. The common aperture may be surrounded by a light scattering region. The common aperture may extend to the edge of the light scattering region.

The first and second transparent regions may each define a discrete aperture.

In another aspect, the invention features, among other things, an ophthalmic lens, including: a lens material having two opposing surfaces, the surfaces being curved surfaces and defining a lens axis; a light scattering region; an aperture extending from the lens axis to the periphery of the light scattering zone.

Embodiments of the ophthalmic lens may include one or more of the following features and/or features of other aspects. The apertures may be transparent or have less scattering than the light scattering regions.

The lens may have: a zone having a first optical power at the lens axis; and a zone having a second optical power different from the first optical power, and the transparent aperture overlaps both zones. The first power may be selected to correct refractive errors in the user's distance vision. The second power may be selected to correct refractive errors or magnification of the user's near vision to aid near vision tasks.

The ophthalmic lens may be a progressive lens or a free form lens. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens is a bifocal lens.

In another aspect, the invention features an ophthalmic lens, including: a multifocal lens having a first region and a second region, the first region having an optical power for distance vision and the second region having a different optical power for near vision; a contrast-reducing zone comprising scattering centers and/or one or more small lenses for reducing image contrast for a user of an ophthalmic lens; a first transparent region surrounded by a contrast-reducing region, the transparent region at least partially overlapping the first region of the multifocal lens; and a second transparent region at least partially overlapping the second region of the multifocal lens. Embodiments of the ophthalmic lens may include one or more features of the other aspects.

In yet another aspect, the invention features an ophthalmic lens, including: a lens material having two opposing curved surfaces, the curved surfaces defining a lens axis; a contrast reduction zone for reducing image contrast for a user of the ophthalmic lens; and a transparent aperture extending from the lens axis to a periphery of the defocus region. The contrast-reducing zone includes one or more small lenses and a plurality of scattering centers. Embodiments of the ophthalmic lens may include one or more features of the other aspects.

In another aspect, the invention features eyewear including the ophthalmic lens of any one of the preceding aspects.

The second aperture may be displaced from the first aperture along an axis defining a non-zero angle alpha with a vertical axis of the eyeglass frame. The angle α may correspond to a path of the user's eye as the user's gaze direction transitions from the first transparent aperture to the second transparent aperture. The angle α may correspond to the path of the natural vergence path of the user's eye when switching from distance vision to near vision. A may be in the range from 5 ° to 20 °.

The at least one transparent aperture of the ophthalmic lens may be elongated in a vertical direction of the lens.

The at least one transparent aperture of the ophthalmic lens may be elongated in the horizontal direction of the lens.

At least one transparent aperture elongated in a horizontal direction is positioned for near vision during use of the glasses.

Among other advantages, the disclosed embodiments also include eyewear that can reduce eye lengthening associated with the development of myopia without significantly affecting the user's vision. For example, embodiments feature lenses having light scattering regions for reducing contrast in a user's peripheral vision, while including transparent apertures for distance vision and transparent apertures for near vision tasks (such as reading). Bifocal or multifocal lenses may be used.

Other advantages will be apparent from the drawings, detailed description and claims.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of an ophthalmic lens for treating myopia.

Fig. 2A is a view of a pair of eyeglasses containing an ophthalmic lens as shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 2B shows a horizontal field of view of an average person.

Fig. 2C shows a vertical field of view of an average person.

Figure 3 is a plan view of another embodiment of an ophthalmic lens for treating myopia.

Figure 4 is a plan view of a further embodiment of an ophthalmic lens for treating myopia.

Figure 5 is a plan view of yet another embodiment of an ophthalmic lens for treating myopia.

Figure 6 is a plan view of another embodiment of an ophthalmic lens for treating myopia.

Figure 7 is a plan view of a further embodiment of an ophthalmic lens for treating myopia.

Figure 8 is a plan view of another embodiment of an ophthalmic lens for treating myopia.

Figure 9 is a plan view of another embodiment of an ophthalmic lens for treating myopia.

Figure 10 is a plan view of another embodiment of an ophthalmic lens for treating myopia.

Figure 11 is a plan view of another embodiment of an ophthalmic lens for treating myopia.

Figure 12 is a plan view of another embodiment of an ophthalmic lens for treating myopia.

Figure 13 is an example of a scattering center pattern for an ophthalmic lens for treating myopia.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1, an ophthalmic lens 100 includes a first transparent aperture 110, and an annular scattering region 130 surrounding the transparent aperture. In this case, the lens 100 has uniform optical properties, for example, being a single vision lens, such as a spherical lens or a compound or toric lens (i.e., having a spherical component and a cylindrical component), or a flat lens (i.e., a lens without optical power). For ease of reference, fig. 1 also shows a vertical axis and a horizontal axis. Although the lens 100 is depicted as a circular blank, and thus rotationally symmetric for spherical lenses, it should be understood that the horizontal and vertical directions refer to how the lens will be oriented when mounted in the eyeglass frame.

The first transparent aperture 110 is positioned substantially near the center of the lens 100. The scattering region 130 is also centered about the lens center. The scattering region 130 is also surrounded by a transparent region 140. A second transparent aperture 120 is also disposed in the light scattering region 130, separated from the transparent aperture 110 along an axis 132 offset from the vertical axis of the lens by an angle alpha.

The horizontal and vertical axes refer to how the lens 100 is ultimately oriented in a frame of the glasses. In the unmounted spectacle lens 100 before being molded for mounting in the frame, in the case of a lens that is a flat lens or a spherical lens, such a lens is generally radially symmetrical, and the angle α is arbitrary until the lens is molded for mounting. However, in lenses that do not have rotational symmetry (such as toric lenses), the angle α may alternatively be defined relative to the orientation of the second aperture 120 as compared to the axis of the cylinder assembly. Of course, in the case where the cylinder axis is parallel to the vertical axis, α is defined the same anyway.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the transparent aperture 110 is a distance vision aperture that may be involved in distance vision activities, such as reading pavement markings. The second transparent aperture 120 is a near vision aperture that may be involved in near vision activities, such as reading a book.

In general, α may vary. The offset angle a may vary between 0 and 180 degrees when compared to the axis of the cylindrical power.

When α represents the offset angle from the vertical meridian after installation, it may be selected to adjust the path of the user's eyes when the user is focusing on a near object. This also creates convergence, or inward movement of the eyes in the horizontal direction, known as vergence, when a person adjusts to focus on nearby objects. Thus, in order for a myopic object to be visible to the adjusted eye through the second aperture, the angle may be selected to match the user's vergence of the nearby object. In some embodiments, α is 45 ° or less, e.g., about 30 ° or less, about 25 ° or less, about 20 ° or less, about 15 ° or less, about 10 ° or less, about 8 ° or less, e.g., 1 ° or more, 2 ° or more, 3 ° or more, 4 ° or more, 5 ° or more, or 0 °. For example, the transparent aperture 120 for near vision may be offset from a vertical axis through the center of the transparent aperture 110 toward the user's nose to accommodate the wearer's eye vergence when focusing on near objects. The offset may be 1mm or more (e.g., 2mm or more, 3mm or more, 4mm or more, 5mm or more, 6mm or more, 7mm or more, such as 10mm or less, 9mm or less, 8mm or less), wherein the distance is measured from a center point in the horizontal direction of the transparent aperture 120 to a center point in the horizontal direction of the transparent aperture 110 (which may correspond to the center of the lens in some embodiments). Both the transparent apertures 110 and the transparent apertures 120 are circular in shape, with the apertures 120 having a slightly larger diameter than the apertures 110. In general, the apertures may vary in size and be arranged such that they provide the user with sufficient on-axis vision (through aperture 110) and sufficient near vision (through aperture 120) while not being too large to significantly impede the effects of peripheral visual contrast reduction due to the scattering zone. Typically, both transparent apertures are 2mm or greater in diameter (e.g., 3mm or greater, 4mm or greater, 5mm or greater, such as 10mm or less).

Non-circular apertures are also possible (see below for specific examples). For example, the horizontal width of the aperture may be different than the vertical height of the aperture. In FIG. 1, the horizontal widths of apertures 110 and 120 are designated w, respectively₁₁₀And w₁₂₀. Generally, the horizontal widths of the apertures may be the same or different. In some embodiments, such as shown in FIG. 1, w₁₂₀May be greater than w₁₁₀. For example, w₁₂₀Can be compared with w₁₁₀Greater by 10% or more (e.g., 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 75% or more, 100% or more, such as 200% or less, 150% or less, 120% or less). In some embodiments, w₁₂₀Is selected such that, for near vision, the user's visual axis stays within the transparent aperture 120 while the user is engaged in a particular task during his eye-level scan field of view (e.g., while reading). This may be advantageous in allowing a user to scan the field of view through the transparent aperture without having to move his head.

The distance between the apertures may also vary and is typically arranged so that the apertures correspond to the user's comfortable on-axis vision and comfortable myopia. The distance between the nearest edges of the transparent apertures may be 1mm or more (e.g., 2mm or more, 5mm or more, such as 10mm or less).

In fig. 1 by δ_NFThe distance between the illustrated aperture 110 and the center of the aperture 120 may vary such that the aperture 120 corresponds to the user's gaze direction when focused on a near object. In some embodiments, δ_NFMay be in the range of 0.5mm to 20mm (e.g., 0.6mm or greater, 0.7mm or greater, 0.8mm or greater, 0.9mm or greater, 10mm or greater, 11mm or greater, 12mm or greater, 13mm or greater, 14mm or greater, e.g., 19mm or less, 18mm or less, 17mm or less, 16mm or less, 15mm or less).

The spacing between apertures 110 and 120 depends on the size of each aperture and the distance between their centers. In some embodiments, the spacing may be 0.5mm or greater (e.g., 1mm or greater, 2mm or greater, 3mm or greater). The spacing may be less than 10mm (e.g., 9mm or less, 8mm or less, 7mm or less, 6mm or less, 5mm or less).

The light scattering regions 130 include scattering centers that scatter at least some light incident on the lens in these regions. This may reduce the contrast in the user's peripheral vision, which is believed to reduce the progression of myopia in the user. In general, scattering centers can include features (e.g., protrusions or depressions) on the lens surface or inclusions in a bulk lens material. Patterns of scattering centers suitable for light scattering areas are described, for example, in the following documents: PCT patent application WO 2018/026697 entitled "OPHTHALMIC LENSES FOR TREATING MYOPIA" filed on 31/7/2017, month 7; provisional patent application No. 62/671,992 entitled "OPHTHALMIC LENSES WITH LIGHT SCATTERING FOR ocular MYOPIA (OPHTHALMIC lens with light scattering FOR treatment of MYOPIA)" filed on 15.5.2018; and U.S. patent publication No. US-2019-0235279-a1 entitled "OPHTHALMIC LENSES WITH LIGHT SCATTERING FOR ocular MYOPIA (OPHTHALMIC lens with light scattering FOR TREATING MYOPIA)" published on 8/1 of 2019. The contents of each of these applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

In general, the properties of the scattering center may be selected based on a variety of design parameters to provide a desired degree of light scattering on the retina of the user. Typically, these design parameters include, for example, scattering center density, their size and shape, and their refractive index, and are discussed in more detail below. Ideally, the scattering centers are selected to provide high visual acuity at the fovea, as well as reduced image contrast at other portions of the retina, with sufficiently low discomfort for the wearer to allow continuous wear over a long period of time. For example, it may be desirable for a child to comfortably wear eyeglasses during most, if not all, of the day. Alternatively or additionally, the scattering center may be designed for specific tasks, particularly tasks that are believed to strongly promote eye length growth, such as video games, reading or other wide-angle, high-contrast image exposures. For example, in such cases (e.g., where the user experiences high contrast in his peripheral vision and/or does not require the wearer to use peripheral vision to move and orient himself), the peripheral scattering intensity and scattering angle may be increased while less concern may be given to awareness and self-esteem considerations. In such a high contrast environment, this may cause a peripheral contrast reduction of higher efficiency.

It is believed that the reduced image contrast at the fovea of the user's eye is less effective at controlling the eye's length than the reduced image contrast at other portions of the user's retina. Thus, the scattering center may be tailored to reduce (e.g., minimize) light scattered into the user's fovea, while relatively more light on other portions of the retina is scattered light. The amount of light scattered on the fovea may be affected by the size of the transparent aperture and also by the nature of the scattering centers, especially those closest to the transparent aperture. For example, in some embodiments, the scattering centers closest to the transparent aperture may be designed to be less efficient at scattering light than those further away. Alternatively or additionally, in some embodiments, the scattering centers closest to the transparent aperture may be designed for forward scattering at smaller angles than those further away from the aperture.

In some embodiments, the scattering centers may be designed to deliver reduced narrow angle scattering and increased wide angle scattering through the geometry of the scattering centers to produce a uniform light distribution over the retina/low contrast signal while maintaining visual acuity. For example, the scattering center may be designed to produce significant wide-angle forward scattering (e.g., such as greater than 10%, 20% or greater, 30% or greater, 40% or greater, 50% or greater, with a deflection greater than 2.5 degrees). Narrow angle forward scatter (i.e., within 2.5 degrees) can be kept relatively low (e.g., 50% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less, 20% or less, 10% or less).

Generally, a number of different criteria may be used to evaluate the performance of scattering centers in order to optimize scattering centers for use in glasses that reduce myopia. For example, the scattering centers may be empirically optimized, e.g., based on physical measurements of lenses having different scattering center shapes, sizes, and layouts. For example, light scattering can be characterized based on haze measurements, such as international test standards for haze (e.g., ASTM D1003 and BS EN ISO 13468). A conventional Haze meter, such as a BYK-Gardner Haze meter (such as a Haze-Gard Plus instrument), may be used that measures the total amount of light transmitted through the lens, the amount of undisturbed transmitted light (e.g., within 0.5 degrees), the degree of deflection exceeding 2.5 degrees, and the clarity (amount within 2.5 degrees), which may be considered a measure of narrow angle scattering. Other devices may also be used to characterize light scattering in order to empirically optimize the scattering pattern. For example, a device that measures light spread by measuring light in an annular ring around 2.5 degrees (e.g., a device from Hornell described in standard EN 167) may be used.

Alternatively or additionally, the scattering center may be optimized by computer modeling software (e.g., Zemax or Code V).

In some embodiments, the scattering centers may be designed based on optimization of a point spread function, which is a representation of an image of the scattering centers on the retina. For example, the size, shape, composition, spacing, and/or refractive index of the scattering centers may be varied to uniformly diffuse the illumination of the retina, so that the retina outside the fovea is uniformly covered by the scattered light to reduce (e.g., minimize) contrast at that region of the retina.

In some embodiments, optimization of light scattering covering the peripheral retina emphasizes the relationship of the intensity of scattered light to undisturbed light in certain regions of the retina to more strongly suppress high contrast images. High contrast images (e.g., reading black and white text) tend to come more from the lower half of the visual eye socket. Thus, more intense coverage of the upper retinal orbit with scattered light may be beneficial to reduce the signal for axial length growth while reducing the visual impact on the upper visual orbit, e.g., glare or halo.

Alternatively or additionally, the scattering center may be designed based on optimization of the modulation transfer function, which refers to the spatial frequency response of the human visual system. For example, the size, shape and spacing of the scattering centers can be varied to smooth the attenuation of a range of spatial frequencies. The design parameters of the scattering center can be varied to increase or decrease certain spatial frequencies as desired. Typically, the spatial frequency of interest for vision is 18 cycles per degree on the fine side and 1.5 cycles per degree on the coarse side. The scattering center may be designed to provide enhanced signals at some subset of spatial frequencies within this range.

The above metrics can be used to evaluate scattering centers based on their size and/or shape, both of which can be varied as desired. For example, the scattering centers may be substantially circular (e.g., spherical), elongated (e.g., elliptical), or irregularly shaped. Generally, where the scattering centers are protrusions on the lens surface, the size (e.g., diameter) of the protrusions should be large enough to scatter visible light, but small enough not to be discerned by the wearer during normal use. For example, the scattering centers may range in size from about 0.001mm or greater (e.g., about 0.005mm or greater, about 0.01mm or greater, about 0.015mm or greater, about 0.02mm or greater, about 0.025mm or greater, about 0.03mm or greater, about 0.035mm or greater, about 0.04mm or greater, about 0.045mm or greater, about 0.05mm or greater, about 0.055mm or greater, about 0.06mm or greater, about 0.07mm or greater, about 0.08mm or greater, about 0.09mm or greater, about 0.1mm) to about 1mm or less (e.g., about 0.9mm or less, about 0.8mm or less, about 0.7mm or less, about 0.6mm or less, about 0.5mm or less, about 0.4mm or less, about 0.3mm or less).

It should be noted that for smaller scattering centers, such as scattering centers having dimensions comparable to the wavelength of light (e.g., 0.001mm to about 0.05mm), light scattering can be considered to be rayleigh scattering or mie scattering. For larger scattering centers, e.g., about 0.1mm or greater, light scattering may be primarily due to geometric scattering.

In general, the size of the scattering centers may be the same or different on each lens. For example, the size may increase or decrease depending on the location of the scattering center, e.g., as measured from the transparent aperture and/or depending on the distance from the edge of the lens. In some embodiments, the scattering center size varies monotonically (e.g., increases monotonically or decreases monotonically) with increasing distance from the lens center. In some cases, the monotonic increase/decrease in size includes linearly varying the diameter of the scattering center as a function of distance from the lens center.

The shape of the scattering centers can be selected to provide an appropriate light scattering profile. For example, the scattering center may be substantially spherical or aspherical. In some embodiments, such as in the case of an elliptical center, the scattering center may be elongated in one direction (e.g., in a horizontal or vertical direction). In some embodiments, the center is irregular in shape.

In general, the distribution of scattering centers in the scattering region 130 can be varied to provide an appropriate level of light scattering. In some embodiments, the scattering centers are arranged in a regular array, for example, on a square grid, spaced apart by a uniform amount in each direction. Typically, the scattering centers are spaced apart so that together they provide sufficient contrast reduction to the perimeter of the observer to reduce myopia. In general, a smaller spacing between scattering centers will cause a greater reduction in contrast (assuming that adjacent scattering centers do not overlap or merge). Generally, the scattering centers may be spaced from their nearest neighbors by an amount in a range from about 0.05mm (e.g., about 0.1mm or more, about 0.15mm or more, about 0.2mm or more, about 0.25mm or more, about 0.3mm or more, about 0.35mm or more, about 0.4mm or more, about 0.45mm or more, about 0.5mm or more, about 0.55mm or more, about 0.6mm or more, about 0.65mm or more, about 0.7mm or more, about 0.75mm or more) to about 2mm (e.g., about 1.9mm or less, about 1.8mm or less, about 1.7mm or less, about 1.6mm or less, about 1.5mm or less, about 1.4mm or less, about 1.3mm or more, about 1.1mm or less, about 1.9mm or less, about 1.8mm or less, about 0.9mm or less), about 1.6mm or less, about 1.5mm or less, about 1.4mm or less, about 1.3mm or less, about 1.1.8 mm or less, about 0mm or less, about 0.9mm or less, about 0mm or less. For example, the spacing may be 0.55mm, 0.365mm or 0.240 mm.

The scattering centers may be arranged in a grid that is not square. For example, a hexagonal (e.g., hexagonal close-packed) grid may be used. Non-regular arrays are also possible, for example, random or semi-random placement may be used.

In general, the coverage of the lens by scattering centers can be varied as desired. Here, the coverage refers to the proportion of the total area of the lens projected onto a plane corresponding to the scattering center as shown in fig. 1. Generally, a lower coverage of scattering centers will produce lower scattering than a higher coverage (assuming that the individual scattering centers are discrete, i.e., they do not merge to form a larger scattering center). The scattering center coverage can vary from 5% or more to about 75%. For example, the coverage may be 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, such as 50% or 55%. The coverage may be selected according to the comfort level of the user, for example, to provide a peripheral vision level that is comfortable enough that the wearer will automatically wear the glasses over a longer period of time (e.g., the entire day), and/or according to the desired intensity of the signal by which axial eye growth is inhibited.

It is believed that light from the scene incident on the lens in the scattering region 130 between the scattering centers contributes to a recognizable image of the scene on the user's retina, whereas light from the scene incident on the scattering centers is not recognizable. In addition, at least some of the light incident on the scattering center is transmitted to the retina, and thus has the effect of reducing image contrast without substantially reducing the light intensity on the retina. Thus, the amount of contrast reduction in the user's peripheral field of view is believed to be related to (e.g., approximately proportional to) the proportion of the surface area of the contrast-reduced region covered by the scattering centers.

Generally, the scattering centers are intended to reduce the contrast of the image of objects in the peripheral vision of the wearer without significantly reducing the visual acuity of the viewer in this area. For example, the scattering center may scatter primarily at a wide angle. Here, the peripheral vision refers to a field of vision other than that of the transparent aperture. The image contrast in these regions may be reduced by 40% or more (e.g., 45% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more) relative to the image contrast viewed using the clear aperture of the lens identified. The contrast reduction can be set according to the needs of each individual case. It is believed that a normal contrast reduction will be in the range of about 50% to 55%. Contrast reductions below 50% may be used in very mild cases, while more highly inclined subjects may require contrast reductions above 55%. Peripheral visual acuity can be corrected by subjective refraction to 20/30 or higher (e.g., 20/25 or higher, 20/20 or higher) while still achieving a meaningful contrast reduction. In an embodiment, the contrast reduction may result in a loss of two or fewer lines of the streetlight chart (e.g., 1.5 or fewer lines, one line or fewer), where one line loss corresponds to a decrease in visual acuity from 20/20 to 20/25.

Contrast here refers to the difference in brightness between two objects in the same field of view. Thus, contrast reduction refers to a change in the difference.

Contrast and contrast reduction can be measured in a number of ways. In some embodiments, contrast may be measured under controlled conditions based on the difference in brightness between different portions of a standard pattern (such as a checkerboard of black and white squares) obtained through the transparent aperture and scattering center patterns of the lens.

Alternatively or additionally, the contrast reduction may be determined based on the Optical Transfer Function (OTF) of the lens (see, e.g., http:// www.montana.edu/jshaw/documents/18% 20EELE582_ S15_ OTFMTF. pdf). For OTF, contrast is specified for stimulus transmission in which the bright and dark areas are sinusoidally modulated at different "spatial frequencies". These stimuli appear as alternating light and dark stripes, with the spacing between the stripes varying over a range. The contrast transmission of the sinusoidally varying stimulus with the highest spatial frequency is lowest for all optical systems. The relationship describing the contrast transmission for all spatial frequencies is OTF. The OTF can be obtained by fourier transforming the point spread function. The point spread function can be obtained by imaging a point source of light through the lens onto a detector array and determining how the light from the point is distributed over the detector.

In case of conflicting measurements, the OTF technique is preferred. In some embodiments, the contrast may be estimated based on the ratio of the area of the lens covered by the scattering centers to the area of the transparent apertures. In this approximation, it is assumed that all light reaching the scattering center is uniformly dispersed throughout the entire retinal area, which reduces the amount of light available in the lighter areas of the image and adds light to the darker areas. Thus, the contrast reduction can be calculated based on light transmission measurements through the transparent aperture and the scattering area of the lens.

The light scattering region 130 has a circular shape, although other shapes are possible (e.g., oval, polygonal, or other shapes). The size of the light scattering region is typically selected so that a reduction in the contrast of the user's peripheral vision is perceived over a large portion of the user's field of view, even when not viewed directly through the on-axis aperture. The light scattering region 130 may have a diameter (or largest dimension for non-circular regions) of 30mm or greater (e.g., 40mm or greater, 50mm or greater, 60mm or greater, 70mm or greater, 80mm or greater, e.g., 100mm or less, 90mm or less, 80mm or less, 70mm or less, 60mm or less). In some embodiments, the light scattering area extends to the edge of the lens.

In some embodiments, the periphery of the light scattering region can be blended with the transparent region by gradually reducing the amount, density, or power of light scattering.

In some embodiments, the transparent region may exhibit a lesser amount of light scattering compared to the light scattering region.

Referring to fig. 2A, eyewear 101 includes two lenses 100a and 100b in an eyewear frame 150. Each lens corresponds to lens 100 shown in fig. 1, is shaped and dimensioned to fit into frame 150 with second transparent aperture 120 aligned along axis 132 below transparent aperture 110, at an angle α to the vertical axis. In each case, the offset angle α is directed towards the nose of the user. Although the angle is the same in lenses 100a and 100b, in some embodiments, the offset angle may be different. For example, different offset angles may be used to accommodate variations between vergence of each eye.

Referring to fig. 2B and 2C, the transparent apertures 110 and 120 may be sized, shaped, and positioned in the eyewear 101 to provide a line of sight through the aperture 110 along a user's standard line of sight (e.g., for distance vision) and a line of sight through the aperture 120 along a normal sitting line of sight (e.g., for near vision, such as reading). The transparent aperture 110 may be sized and positioned to provide a line of sight through the transparent aperture of ± 2 ° or more (e.g., ± 3 ° or more, ± 4 ° or more, ± 5 ° or more, such as ± 10 ° or less, ± 9 ° or less, ± 8 ° or less, ± 7 ° or less, ± 6 ° or less) in the horizontal and/or horizontal direction. The angular ranges in the horizontal and vertical directions may be the same or different. The angular range in the upper field of view may be the same or different than the angular range in the lower field of view.

The transparent aperture 120 may be sized and positioned to provide a line of sight through the transparent aperture for ± 2 ° or more (e.g., ± 3 ° or more, ± 4 ° or more, ± 5 ° or more, such as ± 10 ° or less, ± 9 ° or less, ± 8 ° or less, ± 7 ° or less, ± 6 ° or less) about a normal sitting line of sight in a vertical and/or horizontal direction. The angular ranges in the horizontal and vertical directions may be the same or different. In some embodiments, the transparent aperture 120 may have a sufficient horizontal width so that a user has a line of sight through the aperture in the symbol recognition area (e.g., 15 ° below the standard line of sight). For example, the horizontal width of the transparent aperture 120 may be sized to provide a line of sight through the transparent aperture for up to ± 30 ° (e.g., up to ± 25 °, up to ± 20 °, up to ± 15 °, up to ± 12 °).

Although the ophthalmic lens 100 features a circular distance vision aperture and a circular near vision aperture, more generally, one or both of these apertures may have a non-circular shape, for example, to provide a desired side of the field of view along a standard axis of view and a normal axis of sitting view. For example, one or both of the transparent apertures may be oval, polygonal, or have an irregular shape.

In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens may include a single elongated aperture extending from a distance vision zone to a near vision zone of the lens. For example, referring to fig. 3, an ophthalmic lens 300 includes a transparent elliptical aperture 310 and a circular light scattering area 330 surrounding the transparent aperture 310. The circular light scattering area 330 is also substantially centered about the lens center. The scattering region 330 is also surrounded by a transparent region 340.

The transparent aperture 310 is an elliptical aperture with one end located near the center of the lens and extends radially outward within the circular light scattering area 330 toward the transparent area 340. Thus, the aperture extends from the distance vision zone near the center of the lens to the near vision zone of the lens near the edge of the circular light scattering area 330. The major axis of the elliptical aperture extends along an axis 332 that is offset from the vertical axis of the lens by an angle α. In general, α may vary. In some embodiments, α is 45 ° or less, e.g., about 30 ° or less, about 25 ° or less, about 20 ° or less, about 15 ° or less, about 10 ° or less, about 8 ° or less, e.g., 1 ° or more, 2 ° or more, 3 ° or more, 4 ° or more, 5 ° or more, or 0 °. In general, the offset angle may be selected to adjust the path of the user's eyes when focusing on near objects. In general, the offset angle may be selected to adjust the path of the user's eyes when focusing on near objects.

Although the transparent aperture 310 is oval, other shapes are possible (e.g., polygonal or any other shape such as a dipole or peanut shape). In general, the apertures may vary in size and be arranged such that they provide sufficient on-axis vision (through the first end of aperture 310) and sufficient near-sightedness (through the second end of aperture 320) to the user. Due to the scattering regions in far, near or intermediate vision scenes, the apertures should not be too large so as to significantly impede the effects of peripheral vision contrast degradation.

The aperture 310 has a height h in the vertical direction. Generally, h can be selected such that the aperture spans from the distance vision zone to the near vision zone. In some embodiments, h may be large enough to accommodate variations in eyeglass placement, for example, by rotation of the eyeglasses around the bridge of the wearer's nose or by the position at which the eyeglasses slide down the nose of the wearer. In other words, the aperture is of sufficient height such that the wearer can still see through the transparent aperture 310 in the event that the position or orientation of the eyewear shifts on the wearer during normal use. Typically, h may be in the range of 10mm to 25mm (e.g., 12mm or greater, 15mm or greater, 18mm or greater, e.g., 22mm or less, 20mm or less).

In another example, referring to fig. 4, an ophthalmic lens 400 includes a first transparent aperture 410 and a circular light scattering area 430 surrounding the first transparent aperture 410. The first transparent aperture 410 is located substantially near the center of the lens 400. The diffusion region 430 is also substantially centered about the lens center. The scattering region 430 is also surrounded by a transparent region 440.

A second transparent aperture 420 is also disposed in the circular light scattering region 430. The second transparent aperture 420 is circular and is aligned along an axis 432 that is offset from the vertical axis of the lens by an angle α.

The lens 400 also includes a blend zone 460, the blend zone 460 having different scattering properties than the scattering zone 430 to reduce contrast in the user's peripheral vision. For example, the transition region 460 may have less scattering (e.g., by a lower density of scattering centers, different scattering magnitude) than the scattering region 430, while still providing some contrast reduction for peripheral vision when a user is engaged in viewing through either the transparent aperture 410 or the transparent aperture 420. When transitioning from distance vision to near vision, the transition region 460 may coincide with the natural vergence path of the user's eye.

Both transparent aperture 410 and transparent aperture 420 are circular, wherein the diameter of aperture 420 is slightly larger than the diameter of aperture 410. In some embodiments, the second aperture may have the same size diameter or a smaller diameter than the first aperture. More generally, other shapes are possible (e.g., polygonal or any other shape), and the apertures may be varied and sized so that they provide sufficient axial vision (through aperture 410) and sufficient near vision (through aperture 420) for the user, as described above.

As previously mentioned, the shape of the transparent apertures may vary. Referring to fig. 5, an ophthalmic lens 500 includes a first transparent tear drop shaped aperture 510 and a circular light scattering area 530 surrounding the first transparent aperture 510. The first transparent aperture 510 is positioned substantially near the center of the lens 500. The scattering region 530 is also substantially centered about the lens center. The scattering region 530 is also surrounded by a transparent region 540.

A second tear drop shaped transparent aperture 520 is also disposed in the circular light scattering region 530. The second transparent aperture 530 is aligned along an axis 532 that is offset at an angle α from the vertical axis of the lens. The clear aperture 510 is a distance vision aperture that may be involved in distance vision activities, such as reading a landmark. The second transparent aperture 520 is a near vision aperture that may participate in near vision activities.

Although the foregoing examples include transparent apertures (i.e., apertures without scattering) for near and far vision, other embodiments are possible. For example, referring to fig. 6, an ophthalmic lens 600 includes a first transparent aperture 610 and a circular light scattering region 630 surrounding the first transparent aperture 610. The first clear aperture 610 is located substantially near the center of the lens 600 for distance vision. The scattering region 630 is also substantially centered about the lens center. The scattering region 630 is also surrounded by a transparent region 640.

Rather than a second transparent aperture, the lens 600 includes a region 620 having different scattering properties than the light scattering region 630 positioned for near vision. For example, region 620 may provide less light scattering than region 630, such that the contrast reduction of the image viewed through region 620 is less pronounced than the image viewed through region 630. In some embodiments, region 620 may have a lower density of light scattering centers than region 630. Alternatively or additionally, the size and/or shape of the light scattering centers in region 620 may be different than the size and/or shape of the light scattering centers in region 630. The area 620 is aligned along an axis 632, the axis 632 being offset from the vertical axis of the lens by an angle α.

Light scattering region 630 includes scattering centers that scatter at least some light.

In some embodiments, the near vision aperture may extend to the edge of the scattering area of the lens. For example, referring to fig. 7, an ophthalmic lens 700 includes a transparent elliptical aperture 710 and a circular light scattering area 730 surrounding the transparent aperture 710. The circular light scattering area 730 is substantially centered about the center of the lens. The scattering region 730 is also surrounded by a transparent region 740.

One end of the transparent aperture 710 is located near the center of the lens and the aperture 710 extends radially to the edge of the light scattering region 730 and into the transparent region 740, including the distance vision region near the center of the lens and the near vision region of the lens near the edge of the circular light scattering region 730. The transparent aperture 710 extends along an axis 732, the axis 732 being offset from a vertical axis of the lens by an angle α.

As previously described, although the transparent aperture 710 is oval, other shapes are possible (e.g., polygonal or any other shape).

In the foregoing embodiments, the ophthalmic lens is a single vision, toric, aspheric or optically neutral or planar (i.e., no optical power) lens. More generally, other embodiments are also possible. For example, multifocal lenses such as bifocal (e.g., prismatic bifocal), trifocal, multifocal, free-form, or progressive lenses may be used.

By way of example, referring to FIG. 8, a bifocal lens 800 has two zones of different optical power. The bifocal ophthalmic lens 800 includes a first transparent aperture 810 for distance vision and a circular light scattering region 830 surrounding the first transparent aperture 810. The scattering region 830 is also surrounded by a transparent region 840. A second transparent aperture 820 for near vision is also provided in the light scattering region 830, the light scattering region 830 being aligned along an axis 832, the axis 832 being offset from the vertical axis of the lens by an angle alpha. The near vision zone 870 occupies the lower region of the lens (about the vertical axis) and has an optical power selected to facilitate near vision tasks. The near vision aperture 820 is located in this region of the lens. The near vision lens area 870 overlaps the near vision aperture 820 and may be larger than the aperture (as shown in fig. 8), about the same size as the near vision aperture 820, or smaller. The near vision zone 870 may have an add power of +0.25D or greater (e.g., +0.5D or greater, +0.75D or greater, +1.0D or greater, +1.25D or greater, +1.5D or greater, +2D or greater, +2.5D or greater, +3D or greater, such as up to, for example, +5D) above the base curve.

When using multifocal lenses, the near vision lens area has two functions. The near vision viewing region provides peripheral defocus when the viewer is looking through the far vision viewing aperture. Peripheral defocus is known to reduce myopia progression, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,025,460. Near vision lenses typically contain positive lens power (i.e., have more dioptric focus than the far vision viewing portion of the lens) when the viewer is looking through the near vision aperture, thereby helping the user focus on near vision tasks.

The remainder of the lens zone has a different power selected for the distance vision task. The aperture 810 is located in the area of the distance vision lens.

In some embodiments, a prismatic bifocal lens may be used. For example, add 1- Δ or greater (e.g., 2- Δ or greater, 3- Δ or greater, 4- Δ or greater; such as up to 5- Δ) add exo-training glasses to the near vision zone 870. The use of prismatic bifocal lenses can reduce the progression of myopia in children compared to lenses using normal bifocals, and in this regard, the inclusion of an in-sole prism with a scattering region can provide further benefits.

Referring to fig. 9, a progressive addition lens 900 may also be used. Progressive lenses are generally characterized by an increase in the gradient of lens power, which is additive to the wearer's correction of other refractive errors. The gradient starts from the distance prescription of the wearer at the top of the lens and reaches a maximum add power or full reading add at the lower portion of the lens to match the eye's natural path as it focuses on near objects. The length of the progressive power gradient across the lens surface is typically dependent on the lens design, with the final add power typically being between 0.75 and 3.50 diopters.

As shown, lens 900 includes five distinct zones, separated in the figure by dashed lines 922, 923, 924, and 925. These zones include a near zone 911, a middle zone 912, and a far zone 913. Such lenses may also include peripheral deforming zones 914 and 915. Although demarcated by dashed lines, the power change from one zone to the next is generally gradual.

With respect to the scattering/transparency properties of the lens, the progressive ophthalmic lens 900 includes a transparent outer zone 940, a light scattering area 930, and a first transparent aperture 910 for distance vision and a second transparent aperture 920 for near vision. The second transparent aperture 920 is aligned along an axis 932, the axis 932 being offset from the vertical axis of the lens by an angle α. The distance vision transparent aperture 910 overlaps (in this case partially) the near vision zone 913 of the progressive addition lens, and the near vision aperture 920 overlaps the near vision zone 911.

Generally, any of the disclosed transparent aperture arrangements may be used with a multifocal lens (e.g., a bifocal or progressive lens). Further, in some embodiments, when a multifocal lens is used, the second clear aperture (e.g., aperture 920 in lens 9000 is specifically aligned over the add power lens region with near vision). For example, the location of the second aperture may have an optical power of +0.25D (e.g., +0.5D or greater, +0.75D or greater, +1.0D or greater, +1.25D or greater, +1.5D or greater, +1.75D or greater, +2.0D) or greater than the optical power at the first transparent aperture (i.e., the aperture for distance vision).

Fig. 10 shows a further example of an ophthalmic lens 1000, the ophthalmic lens 1000 having an on-axis transparent aperture 1010 and a second transparent aperture 1020, the second transparent aperture 1020 being offset from the axis along a direction 1032 by a distance δ_NF. The apertures 1010 and 1020 are linked by a transparent neck 1022, providing a combined transparent aperture having a dumbbell shape within the scattering region 1030. The scattering region 1030 is surrounded by a transparent region 1040. Horizontal width w of aperture 1020 aligned for near vision activities, such as reading₁₀₂₀Is substantially greater than its vertical height h₁₀₂₀. For example, w₁₀₂₀Can be 1.5 xh₁₀₂₀Or higher (e.g., 1.8 × h)₁₀₂₀Or higher, 2 xh₁₀₂₀Or higher, 2.5 XH₁₀₂₀Or higher, 3 xh₁₀₂₀Or higher, e.g. up to 5 XH₁₀₂₀). In some embodiments, w₁₀₂₀May correspond to the solid angle spanned by the eyes of a user when reading a standard text page at a normal reading distance. The solid angle may be ± 10 ° or more (e.g., ± 12 ° or more, ± 15 ° or more).

The foregoing example lenses each include a clear aperture for distance vision generally in the center of the lens. However, other embodiments are possible. For example, referring to fig. 11, in some embodiments, the lens may include transparent apertures located only at the near visual axis and not the far visual axis. Here, the ophthalmic lens 1100 includes a single transparent aperture 1120 with its center offset from the central lens axis 1101 (e.g., by an amount δ, as discussed above_NF)。

Furthermore, while the foregoing embodiments feature scattering regions having features (i.e., scattering centers) that scatter rather than focus incident light, other implementations are possible. For example, in the embodiments described above, in the region identified as the "scattering region," the lens may include one or more small lenses having a different optical power than the base lens. Examples of such small lenses are disclosed, for example, in the following documents: us patent No. 10,268,050 entitled "Spectacle Lens", filed 2019 on 23/4; and PCT publication WO2019/166653, entitled "Lens Element," published by 2019, 9, 6. Referring to fig. 12, an example lens 1200 includes a transparent outer region 1240, a light scattering region 1230, a first transparent aperture 1210 for distance vision, and a second transparent aperture 1220 for near vision. The second transparent aperture 1220 is offset along an axis 1232, the axis 1232 being offset from the vertical axis of the lens by an angle α.

In general, the optical properties of the small lenses may vary depending on the degree of defocus deemed appropriate for the user. For example, the small lens may be spherical or aspherical. The small lens may have a positive or negative optical power. In some embodiments, the power of the small lens is zero (e.g., where the base power of the lens is strongly negative). Each lenslet has the same optical power, or different lenslets may have different optical powers. In some embodiments, a small lens may have an add power of +0.25D or greater (e.g., +0.5D or greater, +0.75D or greater, +1.0D or greater, +1.25D or greater, +1.5D or greater, +1.75D or greater, +2.0D or greater, +3.0D or greater, +4.0D or greater, such as up to +5.0D) as compared to the base power of the lens. In certain embodiments, a small lens can have an add power of-0.25D or less (e.g., -0.5D or less, -0.75D or less, -1.0D or less, -1.25D or less, -1.5D or less) compared to the base power of the lens.

The size of the small lenses may also be varied as appropriate. The small lenses can have a diameter of 0.5mm or greater (e.g., 0.8mm or greater, 1mm or greater, 1.5mm or greater, 2mm or greater, 3mm or greater; such as up to 5 mm).

The scattering region 1230 includes scattering centers as described above. In addition, the scattering region 1230 includes small lenses 1235 arranged in a ring around the apertures 1210. The small lens introduces defocus to portions of the wavefront that would otherwise be focused on the user's retina. A scattering center is included at the location of the small lens 1235. For example, scattering centers may be formed on the surface of each small lens 1235, on the opposite lens surface, but overlapping the same lateral position of the small lens 1235, and/or included in the bulk lens 1200 that laterally overlaps the small lens 1235. In some embodiments, scattering centers are included between the lenslets 1235, but do not laterally overlap the lenslets. In certain embodiments, the scattering area of the lens includes only a small lens, but no additional scattering centers.

In some embodiments, the lens may be a digitally surfaced lens. Such lenses are custom-made for each wearer and are made based on the wearer's prescription using computer-controlled surface treatment equipment that is more accurate than conventional tools. Digital lens manufacturing techniques can surface treat the lens in 0.01 diopter power increments, as compared to the 0.125 to 0.25 diopter increments typically possible with conventional eyeglass lens tools. The fabrication of digital lenses may take into account and be customized for a variety of factors, such as: (i) a lens position in the frame in front of the wearer's eye to provide the most accurate lens power; (ii) the angle between the eye and the back surface of the lens in different gaze locations (e.g., when the wearer looks from the side rather than looking straight through the center of the lens); (iii) the size of the mirror frame; and/or (iv) the location of the wearer's pupil within the frame profile. Typically, the digital lens may be a single vision lens, a free-form surface or a multifocal lens.

While the prior examples utilizing multifocal lenses each include two discrete circular apertures, more generally, the principles and aperture arrangements described with respect to the single vision lenses above (e.g., as shown in fig. 3, 5, 7, 10, and other irregular shapes) may be similarly applied to multifocal lenses.

Furthermore, in general, for the above-mentioned lenses, patterns of scattering centers suitable for the light scattering area are described, for example, in the following documents: PCT application WO 2018/026697 entitled "OPHTHALMIC LENSES FOR TREATING MYOPIA" filed on 31/7/2017, month 7; and provisional patent application No. 62/671,992 entitled "OPHTHALMIC LENSES WITH LIGHT SCATTERING FOR ocular MYOPIA (OPHTHALMIC lens with light scattering FOR TREATING MYOPIA)" filed on 2018, 5, 15. The disclosures of both applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In general, the lenses described herein can be formed in a variety of ways, such as using methods disclosed in the following documents: PCT application WO 2018/026697 entitled "OPHTHALMIC LENSES FOR TREATING MYOPIA" filed on 31/7/2017, month 7; provisional patent application No. 62/671,992 entitled "OPHTHALMIC LENSES WITH LIGHT SCATTERING FOR ocular MYOPIA (OPHTHALMIC lens with light scattering FOR treatment of MYOPIA)" filed on 15.5.2018; and U.S. patent publication No. US-2019-0235279-a1 entitled "OPHTHALMIC LENSES WITH LIGHT SCATTERING FOR ocular MYOPIA (OPHTHALMIC lens with light scattering FOR TREATING MYOPIA)", published on 8/1 of 2019.

Also, while the apertures described above are primarily transparent apertures (i.e., no scattering centers), more generally, the apertures may correspond to regions having scattering centers, but sized and arranged such that the amount of light scattering is reduced compared to the scattering region.

Examples of the invention

Referring to fig. 13, an example pattern for scattering centers for a lens 1300 is shown and includes a transparent aperture 1310 and a scattering region 1330 surrounding the transparent aperture. The transparent aperture 1310 consists of two circles 1310 and 1310b, the centers of which are offset by 6.5mm along an angle α of 14 °. Circle 1310a is centered on the lens axis corresponding to the distance vision direction and has a diameter of 7 mm. Circle 1310b has a 5mm diameter. The perimeter of the transparent aperture 1310 follows circles 1310 and 1310b on opposite sides of the aperture and along a tangent 1310c connecting the two circles between the two circles.

In U.S. patent publication No. US-2019-0235279-A1, scattering region 1330 is comprised of ink jet printed scattering centers, which are printed according to the pattern described in FIG. 5B.

Other embodiments are within the following claims.