阅读说明：本技术 一种引导炉底呈锅底形状的高炉炉底砌筑方法 (Blast furnace bottom building method for guiding furnace bottom to be in shape of boiler bottom ) 是由 车玉满 郭天永 谢明辉 孙鹏 姜喆 刘炳南 姚硕 费静 李仲 张辉 张立国 李 于 2020-05-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种引导炉底呈锅底形状的高炉炉底砌筑方法,在炉底陶瓷砖层中心不砌筑陶瓷砖,采用耐火粘土浇筑料浇筑,在高炉开炉生产后,利用铁水将炉底中心的耐火粘土浇筑料逐渐侵蚀,使炉底成锅底形状。本发明在炉底陶瓷砖层中心不砌筑陶瓷砖,采用耐火粘土浇筑料浇筑,利用粘土材料抗铁水侵蚀能力差的特点,在高炉开炉生产6个月～9个月后,逐渐侵蚀形成锅底,之后整个炉底逐渐形成“锅底”形状,可以有效延长高炉一代炉役寿命,同时由于粘土浇注料价格便宜、施工快捷,即节省投资,又提高施工速度。(The invention relates to a method for building a blast furnace bottom, which leads the furnace bottom to be in a pot bottom shape. The invention does not build ceramic bricks in the center of the ceramic brick layer at the furnace bottom, adopts refractory clay pouring materials for pouring, utilizes the characteristic of poor molten iron corrosion resistance of the clay materials, gradually erodes to form a pot bottom after the blast furnace is opened for 6-9 months, and then the whole furnace bottom gradually forms a pot bottom shape, thereby effectively prolonging the service life of the first-generation furnace of the blast furnace.)

1. A blast furnace bottom building method for guiding the furnace bottom to be in a pot bottom shape is characterized in that ceramic tiles are not built in the center of a ceramic brick layer of the furnace bottom, a clay pouring material is adopted for pouring, and after the blast furnace is opened for production, the clay pouring material in the center of the furnace bottom is gradually eroded by molten iron to enable the furnace bottom to be in the pot bottom shape, and the method comprises the following steps:

1) when the furnace bottom ceramic brick layer is built, a circular groove with the diameter of 3750 and 4200mm is reserved at the center of the furnace bottom ceramic brick layer;

2) arranging a mould in the circular groove, pouring by using clay pouring materials in the mould, wherein a gap of 10-12 mm is formed between the poured pouring body and the surrounding ceramic tiles, the upper surface of the pouring body and the ceramic tiles are kept horizontal, and the height error of the pouring body and the ceramic tiles is less than 2 mm;

3) filling the gaps with ceramic bulk materials, and tamping, wherein the compression ratio is required to be not less than 40%;

4) after the pouring construction is finished and solidified, baking the poured body by hot air at 300-400 ℃, and baking for 4-6 h after the upper surface temperature of the poured body reaches 110 ℃.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the binder in the refractory clay castable material is only tar or resin.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a blast furnace construction method, in particular to a blast furnace bottom building method for guiding a furnace bottom to be in a pot bottom shape.

Background

In iron and steel enterprises, the blast furnace ironmaking cost and the energy consumption both account for more than 70 percent of the united enterprises. The main problems of the blast furnace are smooth operation and long service life, and the long service life is the key of the continuous development of iron making. China is more than 2000m since 2003³The large-scale blast furnace has more than 10 furnace hearth burnthrough accidents, wherein some accidents even occur at the initial stage of the furnace campaign, and the furnace hearth burnthrough accidents cause great difficulty and great economic loss to enterprise operation. At present, a large number of large-scale blast furnaces have potential safety hazards, and the blast furnaces are forced to adopt measures of reducing smelting intensity and special furnace protection, so that the production efficiency of the blast furnaces is reduced, and the production cost is increased. The service life of the first-generation blast furnace of most enterprises in China is generally less than 12 years, and the unit furnace volume output is less than 10000t/m³The service life of the first generation furnace is 20 years and the unit furnace capacity output is 15000t/m³There are great differences.

The first generation blast furnace damage investigation with the service life of less than 10 years and serious erosion discovers that after the water cooling process is adopted at the bottom of the blast furnace, the erosion shape of the blast furnace is changed from the traditional 'elephant foot' shape or 'garlic head' shape into the 'wide face' shape, and the erosion area is mainly concentrated in the range from 200mm to 1000mm below the center line of an iron notch from the ceramic pad at the bottom of the furnace. The carbon bricks at the bottom of the furnace are basically complete and undamaged no matter in a 5-layer flat building structural form or a 2-layer vertical building structural form; no matter the furnace bottom ceramic pad adopts a 1-layer large block structure form or a 2-layer small block structure form, the ceramic pad is basically complete and undamaged within the range from the center of the furnace bottom to the secondary center, and slight erosion exists only within a narrow range from 1m to 2m away from the side wall of the furnace cylinder. Analysis after damage investigation shows that 1 layer of molten state or semi-molten state molten iron is stored in the furnace bottom in a range from 100mm to 200mm from the edge of the ceramic pad of the furnace bottom to the upper part of the ceramic pad of the furnace bottom, and the molten iron in the state almost has no fluidity, so that the molten iron is accelerated to circulate along the side wall of the furnace hearth mainly in the tapping process of the blast furnace, and thus, the carbon brick erosion in a range from 200mm on the ceramic pad of the furnace bottom to 1000mm below the central line of a taphole is accelerated. But the carbon brick can be protected by the stemming within 1000mm from the center line of the iron notch, so the erosion of the carbon brick is relatively light.

The blast furnace damage investigation of the first generation with a campaign life of more than 13 years shows that although the main erosion area is still concentrated in the range from 200mm to 1000mm below the center line of the taphole from the ceramic pad at the bottom of the furnace, the erosion is relatively light and is relatively uniform in the circumferential direction. No matter what structural form is adopted by the furnace bottom carbon bricks and the ceramic pads, the furnace bottom is in a pot bottom erosion shape, the erosion is relatively heavy in the range from the center of the furnace bottom to the secondary center, and the erosion of other parts is relatively light. Analysis after damage investigation shows that molten iron in a molten state or a semi-molten state is mainly concentrated on the bottom of the pan due to the shape of the bottom of the pan, a molten iron flow channel is enlarged, and the circular flow velocity of the molten iron along the side wall of a furnace hearth is slow and uniform in the tapping process of a blast furnace, so that carbon bricks on a ceramic pad at the bottom of the furnace are slowly eroded and uniformly within the range from 200mm to 1000mm below the central line of an iron notch.

At present, the bottom structure of the blast furnace adopts the structural form of fully laying carbon bricks and ceramic pads, each layer of carbon bricks and ceramic pads are designed and constructed into a horizontal plane, and each layer of carbon bricks and ceramic tiles are made of the same material, so that a pot bottom erosion surface is difficult to form in the production process of the blast furnace. If the design and the building method of the blast furnace bottom for guiding the furnace bottom to be in the pot bottom erosion shape can be invented, the blast furnace bottom is directly built into the pot bottom shape during the blast furnace construction, the erosion of the carbon bricks on the side wall of the hearth by the molten iron circulation can be effectively reduced, and the service life of the first-generation furnace of the blast furnace is prolonged.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a blast furnace bottom masonry method for guiding the furnace bottom to be in a pot bottom shape, and effectively prolonging the service life of the first-generation blast furnace.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for building the bottom of a blast furnace for guiding the bottom of the furnace to be in a pot bottom shape is characterized in that ceramic tiles are not built in the centers of ceramic brick layers of the bottom of the furnace, a refractory clay pouring material is adopted for pouring, and after the blast furnace is opened for production, the refractory clay pouring material in the center of the bottom of the furnace is gradually eroded by molten iron to enable the bottom of the furnace to be in the pot bottom shape, and the method comprises the following steps:

1) when the furnace bottom ceramic brick layer is built, a circular groove with the diameter of 3750 and 4200mm is reserved at the center of the furnace bottom ceramic brick layer;

2) arranging a mould in the circular groove, pouring by using a refractory clay pouring material in the mould, wherein a gap of 10-12 mm is formed between a poured pouring body and a surrounding ceramic tile, the upper surface of the pouring body is kept horizontal to the ceramic tile, and the height error of the pouring body and the ceramic tile is less than 2 mm;

3) filling the gaps with ceramic bulk materials, and tamping, wherein the compression ratio is required to be not less than 40%;

4) after the pouring construction is finished and solidified, baking the poured body by hot air at 300-400 ℃, and baking for 4-6 h after the upper surface temperature of the poured body reaches 110 ℃.

The binder in the refractory clay castable can only be tar or resin.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention does not build ceramic bricks in the center of the ceramic brick layer at the furnace bottom, adopts refractory clay pouring materials for pouring, utilizes the characteristic of poor molten iron corrosion resistance of the clay materials, gradually erodes to form a pot bottom after the blast furnace is opened for 6-9 months, and then the whole furnace bottom gradually forms a pot bottom shape, thereby effectively prolonging the service life of the first-generation furnace of the blast furnace.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings:

as shown in figure 1

A blast furnace bottom building method for guiding the furnace bottom to be in a shape of a pot bottom comprises the following steps:

1) when the furnace bottom ceramic brick layer is built, a circular groove with the diameter of 3750 and 4200mm is reserved at the center of the furnace bottom ceramic brick layer;

2) arranging a mould in the circular groove, pouring by using a refractory clay pouring material in the mould, wherein a gap of 10-12 mm is formed between a poured pouring body and a surrounding ceramic tile, the upper surface of the pouring body is kept horizontal to the ceramic tile, and the height error of the pouring body and the ceramic tile is less than 2 mm;

3) filling the gaps with ceramic bulk materials, and tamping, wherein the compression ratio is required to be not less than 40%;

4) after the pouring construction is finished and solidified, baking the poured body by hot air at 300-400 ℃, and baking for 4-6 h after the upper surface temperature of the poured body reaches 110 ℃;

the binder in the refractory clay castable can only be tar or resin.

The ceramic bricks are not built in the center of the ceramic brick layer at the bottom of the blast furnace, the refractory clay pouring material is adopted for pouring, and by utilizing the characteristic that the clay material has poor molten iron corrosion resistance, after the blast furnace is opened for 6-9 months of production, the clay material gradually erodes to form a pot bottom, and then the whole furnace bottom gradually forms a pot bottom shape, so that the service life of the first-generation furnace of the blast furnace can be effectively prolonged

The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention and is not to be in any way limiting, since all equivalent changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.