阅读说明：本技术 一种工业废渣和建筑垃圾综合利用的混凝土复合掺合料 (Concrete composite admixture for comprehensively utilizing industrial waste residues and construction wastes ) 是由 严冠群 钱丽明 于 2021-05-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种工业废渣和建筑垃圾综合利用的混凝土复合掺合料,其包括以下成分：金属冶炼废渣、建筑垃圾、工业废渣、石材加工过程废料、石屑生产机制砂的细废料。本发明优点在于：以上述大宗工业固体废弃物和建筑垃圾为主体,因地制宜,根据本地工业废渣、加工废料和建筑垃圾多功能材料复合,组合灵活,性能更优,适合推广应用,不仅提高了大宗固废利用量和利用率,更能推动复合掺合料技术进一步发展,降低复合掺合料的生产成本,并能力求真正实现当地工业固体废渣从源头堵截,做到工业固废零排放,在保证混凝土工作性能的前提下,可替代矿粉、粉煤灰及水泥等,降低混凝土的生产成本,具有巨大的社会效益和经济效益。(The invention relates to a concrete composite admixture for comprehensively utilizing industrial waste residues and construction wastes, which comprises the following components: metal smelting waste, building waste, industrial waste, stone processing waste, and fine waste of stone chip production machine-made sand. The invention has the advantages that: the bulk industrial solid waste and the construction waste are used as main bodies, and the composite admixture is compounded according to local industrial waste residues, processing waste materials and multifunctional materials of the construction waste according to local conditions, is flexible in combination and better in performance, is suitable for popularization and application, improves the utilization amount and the utilization rate of the bulk solid waste, can promote further development of a composite admixture technology, reduces the production cost of the composite admixture, really realizes source blockage of the local industrial solid waste residues, achieves zero emission of the industrial solid waste, can replace mineral powder, coal ash, cement and the like on the premise of ensuring the working performance of concrete, reduces the production cost of the concrete, and has great social benefit and economic benefit.)

1. A concrete composite admixture for comprehensively utilizing industrial waste residues and construction wastes can also be used for composite cement admixture, and is characterized by being prepared by combining and grinding the following bulk solid wastes: metal smelting waste residues, building wastes, industrial furnace bottom residues and stone processing waste materials.

2. The concrete composite admixture for comprehensive utilization of industrial residues and construction wastes according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the metal smelting waste residue is at least one of steel slag, copper slag, slag and nickel slag, the construction waste is at least one of waste mortar fine powder of waste concrete, concrete building demolition solid waste, concrete road reconstruction solid waste and regeneration artificial stone processing, the industrial furnace bottom slag is at least one of power plant furnace bottom slag and industrial boiler furnace bottom slag, and the processing process waste is at least one of stone processing waste leftover material, stone processing sawdust and stone chip processing machine sand making waste material.

3. The concrete composite admixture for comprehensive utilization of industrial residue and construction waste according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: comprises a type I material and a type II material, wherein the doping amount of the type I material and the type II material is 5-20% of the total mass of the cement when the type I material and the type II material are used as the composite cement admixture.

4. The concrete composite admixture for comprehensive utilization of industrial residues and construction wastes according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the material comprises three combinations of I-1, I-2 and I-3:

the I-1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0 to 50 parts of steel slag, 10 to 50 parts of copper slag, 10 to 50 parts of furnace bottom slag and 0 to 50 parts of construction waste;

the I-2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0 to 40 parts of steel slag, 20 to 60 parts of furnace bottom slag, 0 to 40 parts of construction waste, and 10 to 40 parts of stone processing waste or stone chip processing machine sand making waste;

the I-3 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 to 30 parts of nickel slag, 10 to 80 parts of furnace bottom slag, 0 to 40 parts of construction waste and 10 to 40 parts of steel slag.

5. The concrete composite admixture for comprehensive utilization of industrial residues and construction wastes according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the material comprises three combinations of II-1, II-2 and II-3:

II-1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 to 60 parts of slag, 10 to 30 parts of steel slag, 0 to 30 parts of copper slag and 10 to 30 parts of construction waste;

II-2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 to 60 parts of slag, 10 to 30 parts of steel slag, 0 to 30 parts of copper slag and 10 to 30 parts of furnace bottom slag;

II-3 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 to 80 parts of slag, 0 to 40 parts of steel slag, 10 to 50 parts of furnace bottom slag, 0 to 30 parts of stone processing waste and 0 to 30 parts of construction waste.

6. The concrete composite admixture for comprehensive utilization of industrial residues and construction wastes according to claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that: the composite activator is a composite activator and is formed by combining industrial waste residue desulfurized gypsum, lime, sodium sulfate and the like, and the mixing amount is six ten-thousandth of the mass of the materials to be ground.

7. The concrete composite admixture for comprehensive utilization of industrial residues and construction wastes according to claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that: the copper slag in the industrial waste slag is copper slag after smelting copper waste slag and ship body sand blasting rust removal, and the nickel slag is blast furnace nickel slag.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a composite admixture for concrete and a composite cement admixture, belonging to the technical field of production of building materials. In particular to an active concrete composite admixture and a composite cement admixture which are flexibly combined by industrial waste residues, processing waste materials and construction wastes and meet the building material standard through grinding and the action of a certain excitant.

Background

China is a big iron and steel country, and smelting waste residues are more. The comprehensive utilization of industrial waste residues is far away from the developed countries, most of the waste residues are utilized in rough forms, the potential of resource utilization of a plurality of large industrial solid wastes in cement and concrete is not completely excavated and utilized, and the maximum additional value of renewable resources cannot be fully exerted.

Therefore, at present, natural resources are increasingly deficient, in order to protect ecological environment and natural resources and expand available resources, and the high performance and high value of industrial solid wastes are a great trend of the comprehensive utilization and development of the solid wastes, the solid waste resources must meet the standard requirements of building materials by scientific technology and key technology innovation means, and the aims of industrial energy conservation, emission reduction and green ecology in the comprehensive utilization production process are fulfilled at a production source.

The product produced by the solid waste resource is used as a concrete admixture and a composite cement admixture, so that the cement consumption is reduced, the production cost of the concrete and the cement is reduced, and the product performance and the quality are improved. Only the cement concrete industry uses the waste residue comprehensive utilization product, so that the cement calculation is saved: 0.121 ton of standard coal used for calcination can be saved for each 1 ton of cement, and 0.815 ton of carbon dioxide can be reduced for each 1 ton of cement (wherein, 0.390 ton of carbon dioxide is generated by burning fuel, and 0.425 ton of carbon dioxide is generated by decomposing limestone). The comprehensive utilization of industrial solid wastes contributes greatly to energy conservation and emission reduction. When the grinding aid is used for cement production, the clinker consumption can be reduced, and simultaneously, the tail of the mill is directly doped externally (the doping amount can reach 10-45%), so that the cement yield is directly improved, the comprehensive power consumption of the cement production is reduced, and the cement production cost is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a concrete composite admixture for comprehensively utilizing industrial waste residues and construction wastes, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a concrete composite admixture for comprehensively utilizing industrial waste residues and construction wastes is prepared by grinding the following solid wastes in combination: metal smelting waste, building waste, industrial waste and stone processing waste.

As a preferred scheme, the metal smelting waste residue is at least one of steel slag, copper slag, slag and nickel slag, the construction waste is at least one of waste concrete, concrete building demolition solid waste, concrete road reconstruction solid waste and waste mortar fine powder of regenerated artificial stone processing, the industrial waste residue is at least one of power plant furnace bottom slag and industrial boiler furnace bottom slag, and the processing process waste material is at least one of stone processing waste leftover materials, stone processing saw dust and stone chip processing machine sand making waste materials.

As a preferable scheme, the concrete admixture comprises a type I material and a type II material, and the doping amount of the type I material and the type II material is 5-20% of the mass of the concrete when the type I material and the type II material are used as the composite cement admixture.

As a preferable scheme, the material comprises three combinations of I-1, I-2 and I-3:

the I-1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0 to 50 parts of steel slag, 10 to 50 parts of copper slag, 10 to 50 parts of furnace bottom slag and 0 to 50 parts of construction waste;

the I-2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0 to 40 parts of steel slag, 20 to 60 parts of furnace bottom slag, 0 to 40 parts of construction waste, and 10 to 40 parts of stone processing waste or stone chip processing machine sand making waste;

the I-3 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-30 parts of nickel slag, 10-80 parts of furnace bottom slag, 0-40 parts of construction waste and 10-40 parts of steel slag;

as a preferable scheme, the type material comprises three combinations of II-1, II-2 and II-3:

II-1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 to 60 parts of slag, 10 to 30 parts of steel slag, 0 to 30 parts of copper slag and 10 to 30 parts of construction waste;

II-2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 to 60 parts of slag, 10 to 30 parts of steel slag, 0 to 30 parts of copper slag and 10 to 30 parts of bottom slag;

II-3 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-80 parts of slag, 0-40 parts of steel slag, 10-50 parts of furnace bottom slag, 0-30 parts of stone processing waste and 0-30 parts of construction waste;

as a preferred scheme, the composite activator also comprises an activator, wherein the activator is a composite activator and is formed by combining industrial waste residue desulfurized gypsum, lime, sodium sulfate and the like, and the mixing amount is six ten-thousandths of the mass of the grinding material.

As a preferred scheme, the copper slag in the industrial waste slag is smelted copper waste slag and copper slag after sand blasting and rust removing of the ship body, and the nickel slag is blast furnace nickel slag.

As a preferable scheme, the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of raw materials: the metal smelting waste residue and the waste leftover materials in stone processing are respectively crushed into 85 percent of particle size<10mm, max is less than or equal to 30 mm; (2) drying: drying the material with large water content, and controlling the water content to be less than or equal to 15%; (3) grinding: mixing the raw materials according to a designed proportion, and grinding in a vertical mill to obtain the fineness of the finished product>420m²/kg。

The high-activity or active concrete composite admixture and the composite cement admixture provided by the invention have the advantages that:

1. compared with the existing composite material, according to local conditions, the composite material can be flexibly combined according to local industrial waste residues, processing waste materials and construction wastes, reduce long-distance transportation and reduce the temporary stacking area of the industrial waste residues, thereby striving to really realize the blockage of the local industrial solid waste residues from the source.

2. The method adopts multi-component matching aiming at the characteristics of various solid wastes, fully considers the characteristics of various materials, utilizes the mutual superposition effect of active and inert components and low-quality and high-quality resources, fully utilizes the mechanical activation of grinding and the mutual excitation activity superpositioning effect between the materials, and exerts better effect than single raw material or two components. The proper configuration of the active function exciting component for the combination with more low-quality materials enables the performances of various admixtures to be fully excited and improves the hydration activity of the combination.

3. When the material is used in concrete, on the premise of ensuring the working performance of the concrete, the strength of the concrete is improved, the material can replace part or all of mineral powder and fly ash, and can partially replace cement, the performance of the concrete is improved, the cost of the concrete is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved. In the use mode, the admixture is mixed when the concrete is stirred, the mixing amount can be adjusted at any time according to the performance requirement of the concrete, and the use is more flexible.

4. When the admixture is used as an admixture of composite cement, the cement yield is increased, the comprehensive power consumption of cement production is reduced, and the cement quality is improved.

5. The problem that the filling effect and potential activity of the particle grading of the mixed material cannot be exerted because the cement mixed material and the cement clinker are ground together and the ideal fineness is not achieved is solved. The single powder is ground to be finer than cement, so that the activity of the mineral admixture is optimally exerted, the grain composition of the cementing material is improved, the continuity of the grain composition of the powder is achieved, the low-activity micro powder particles are filled in gaps of an interface during hydration, the structure and the interface structure of the set cement are more compact, and the strength and the interface strength of the set cement are improved.

6. The preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and the method is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

At present, the utilization of construction waste and waste concrete is still mainly limited to regeneration of coarse aggregate, wherein partial unhydrated cement (auxiliary cementing material) particles and the like exist in mortar accounting for about 25% of the total concrete, and the quantity of unhydrated cement in high-strength grade waste concrete with low water-cement ratio even reaches more than 30% of the cement consumption. The fine mortar powder is used as the highest cost part of the waste concrete in the processing process, and the utilization value of the fine mortar powder is not fully developed. A small part of fine powder generated in the processing process has no hydration cement, and has potential hydration activity; the hydration activity of the cement particles is re-activated by peeling off the hydrate coating outside the ground cement particles, so that the mortar in the waste concrete can be used as a cement mixture and a concrete admixture after being treated and ground.

The bottom slag of the power plant is mainly formed by depositing large-cluster fly ash on the bottom of the furnace, and the main active substances of SiO2 and Al2O3 can participate in the volcanic ash reaction in cement and the reaction with hydrated calcium hydroxide to generate hydrated calcium silicate and hydrated calcium aluminate. Because the vitreous body in the fly ash is extremely stable, the speed of the erosion and damage of the fly ash particles by Ca (OH)2 in the hydration process of the fly ash cement is very slow, the early strength of the fly ash cement is reduced along with the increase of the mixing amount in the concrete, and the later strength increasing rate is large and even can exceed the later strength of the corresponding portland cement. Coarse particles of agglomerated fly ash in furnace bottom slag are refined through grinding, a hard and dense vitreous shell of a particle surface layer for hindering the volcanic ash effect of the fly ash is damaged, the specific surface area participating in the volcanic ash effect is increased, and Ca2+ ion permeation and silicon and aluminum dissolution in a vitreous body are facilitated. From a microscopic perspective, the grinding can promote the original crystal lattices of the fly ash particles to be deformed and damaged, improve the structural irregularity and defect degree and increase the reaction activity.

The steel slag is the industrial slag which is the most difficult to recycle in the steel industry, and the main reason is that the volume stability of the steel slag is poor due to free calcium oxide and other expansive minerals in the steel slag. The probability of expansion and pulverization of steel slag particles with the size of more than 1 millimeter can never be equal to zero, the fine grinding process not only reduces the slag powder particles, increases the specific surface area of the slag powder particles and further hydrates f-CaO in the slag powder to improve the stability of the slag powder, but also converts the grinding energy into the internal energy and the surface energy of the slag powder along with the change of the lattice structure and the surface physical and chemical properties of the steel slag, and improves the gelation property of the steel slag.

The steel slag, bottom slag, copper slag, nickel slag and waste concrete are mixed, milled and made into the concrete with a specific surface of more than 420m²The fine powder/kg is added into a mixed powder system, and the volcanic ash effect, the morphological effect and the micro-aggregate effect of the combined material are mutually superposed to form a working performance complementary effect and a strength complementary effect, so that the concrete has good impermeability and pumpability. The problem of poor stability of the steel slag can be eliminated by 100 percent due to the excitation superposition effect among the materials. Under the condition that the steel slag micro powder, a large amount of slag micro powder, furnace bottom slag fly ash micro powder and desulfurization gypsum coexist, the mixed powder can quickly form a large amount of ettringite and C-S-H gel after meeting water. This reaction rapidly consumes Ca (OH)2 and Mg (OH)2 provided by the steel slag and results in unsaturation of Ca (OH)2 and Mg (OH)2 in solution. The unsaturation of Ca (OH)2 and Mg (OH)2 promotes rapid hydration of residual free calcium oxide and free magnesium oxide in the slag, so that there is substantially no solids expansion process of hydration of free calcium oxide and free magnesium oxide to solid Ca (OH)2 or Mg (OH) 2.

The multi-component material composite powder is ground, and the activity of the mixed powder is improved by using a proper excitant in an auxiliary manner, so that a high-performance cementing material can be produced.

Detailed Description

The invention is illustrated below by means of specific examples, without being restricted thereto.

Example 1

A concrete composite admixture for comprehensive utilization of industrial waste residues comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of steel slag, 25 parts of copper slag and 50 parts of furnace bottom slag.

The composite admixture of the embodiment is used in concrete, can completely replace concrete fly ash, partially replace cement and mineral powder, can produce C30-C40 concrete by using two components of cement and composite admixture, and properly supplements the mineral powder above C40, thereby greatly reducing the cost of the concrete and improving the economic benefit.

Example 2

A concrete composite admixture comprehensively utilizing industrial waste residues and stone chip machine-made sand processing waste materials comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of copper slag, 20 parts of stone chip fine powder and 50 parts of power plant furnace bottom slag.

On the premise of meeting the working performance of the fresh concrete, the composite admixture for the concrete can equivalently replace concrete fly ash and partially replace mineral powder and cement, the mineral powder can be properly supplemented when high-grade concrete is produced, the strength of the concrete is improved, and the admixture provided by the invention is low in cost.

Example 3

A concrete composite admixture for comprehensive utilization of industrial waste residues comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of nickel slag, 60 parts of furnace bottom slag and 20 parts of steel slag.

The composite admixture for the concrete disclosed by the embodiment equivalently replaces concrete fly ash, and partially replaces mineral powder or cement, so that the performance of the concrete is improved, the time-lapse slump loss of the concrete in a conveying process is reduced, the cost of the admixture is lower, and the production cost of the concrete is reduced.

Example 4

A concrete composite admixture for comprehensively utilizing industrial waste residues and construction wastes comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of steel slag, 35 parts of construction waste (artificial stones and waste concrete fine powder for processing the artificial stones), 10 parts of power plant bottom slag and 20 parts of slag.

The composite admixture for the concrete replaces fly ash in equal amount, simultaneously partially replaces mineral powder and cement, can replace 20-40% of cementing materials in the concrete in equal amount, completely meets the working performance of fresh concrete, and reduces the total matching cost of the concrete due to the 40-80 yuan difference with the composite admixture, the cement and the mineral powder.

Example 5

A concrete composite admixture for comprehensive utilization of industrial waste residues comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of slag, 20 parts of steel slag and 40 parts of bottom slag of a power plant.

On the premise of meeting the working performance of the fresh concrete, the composite admixture for the concrete can equivalently replace 20-50% of cementing materials in the concrete, completely replace mineral powder and fly ash, reduce the total matching cost of the concrete and improve the durability of the concrete due to the difference of about 50 yuan between the composite admixture and the mineral powder.

Example 6

A concrete composite admixture for comprehensively utilizing industrial waste residues and construction wastes comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of slag, 20 parts of copper slag, 20 parts of construction waste (artificial stones and waste concrete fine powder for processing the artificial stones) and 30 parts of power plant bottom slag.

On the premise of meeting the working performance of the fresh concrete, the composite admixture for concrete can equivalently replace 20-50% of cementing materials in the concrete, completely replace mineral powder and fly ash, and reduce the slump loss in the concrete conveying process over time.

Example 7

A concrete composite admixture for comprehensively utilizing industrial waste residues and construction wastes comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of slag, 20 parts of steel slag, 30 parts of furnace bottom slag and 20 parts of stone chip fine powder.

On the premise of meeting the working performance of the fresh concrete, the composite admixture for concrete can equivalently replace 20-50% of cementing materials in the concrete, completely replace mineral powder and fly ash, reduce the slump loss in the concrete conveying process with time and reduce the total production cost of the concrete.

Example 8

A concrete composite admixture for comprehensively utilizing industrial waste residues and construction wastes comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of slag, 20 parts of steel slag and 30 parts of construction waste.

On the premise of meeting the working performance of the fresh concrete, the composite admixture for concrete can equivalently replace 20-50% of cementing materials in the concrete, completely replace mineral powder, and reduce the production cost of the concrete due to the price lower than that of the mineral powder.

The specific implementation mode is as follows: the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of raw materials: the metal smelting waste residue and the waste leftover materials in stone processing are respectively crushed into 85 percent of particle size<10mm, max is less than or equal to 30 mm; (2) drying: drying the material with large water content, and controlling the water content to be less than or equal to 15%; (3) grinding: mixing the raw materials according to a designed proportion, and grinding in a vertical mill to obtain the fineness of the finished product>420m²/kg。

Grinding the above materials to specific surface area of more than 450²More than kg, the additive is used for replacing mineral powder, fly ash, cement and the like, reduces the cost of concrete and improves the economic benefit.

Concrete analysis of application example: the examples were tested for fluidity ratio, stability and activity of the composite according to JG/T486-2015 composite admixture for concrete; the mortar strength test was carried out according to GB/T17671-1999 method for testing mortar strength (ISO method), and the test results are shown in Table 1.

The inventionThrough the collection of a large amount of inspection data after production, the fineness of the product is controlled at the specific surface area of 450m²The effect is better above the/kg, and the specific surface area is controlled to be 450-²The activity of the/kg composite powder is optimal.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.