阅读说明：本技术 一种沥青基通用级碳纤维针刺毡及其制备方法和用途 (Asphalt-based general-grade carbon fiber needled felt and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 遇秉武 于 2020-06-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种沥青基通用级碳纤维针刺毡的制备方法,1)制备沥青基通用级碳纤维长丝,备用；2)将1)中制备得到的沥青基通用级碳纤维长丝通过喂料罗拉将沥青基通用级碳纤维长丝喂进开松机中,制备得到一级沥青基通用级碳纤维短丝；3)将2)中制备得到的一级沥青基通用级碳纤维短丝风送至棉箱内,通过输送钉帘作用,制备得到二级沥青基通用级碳纤维短丝；4)将3)中制备得到的二级沥青基通用级碳纤维短丝送至落棉箱内,使二级沥青基通用级碳纤维短丝均匀铺设于输棉帘上,再置于成网箱中,再均匀铺设于成网帘上,在预刺机作用下,制得预刺毡；5)将4)中制得的预刺毡经过多级针刺处理,再经切边、收卷即可。本发明制得产品适用广。(The invention discloses a preparation method of a pitch-based universal carbon fiber needled felt, which comprises the following steps of 1) preparing pitch-based universal carbon fiber filaments for later use; 2) feeding the pitch-based general-grade carbon fiber filament prepared in the step 1) into an opener through a feeding roller to prepare a first-grade pitch-based general-grade carbon fiber short filament; 3) conveying the primary pitch-based universal carbon fiber short filaments prepared in the step 2) into a cotton box by wind, and preparing secondary pitch-based universal carbon fiber short filaments under the action of a conveying nail curtain; 4) conveying the second-stage pitch-based general-grade carbon fiber short filaments prepared in the step 3) into a cotton dropping box, uniformly paving the second-stage pitch-based general-grade carbon fiber short filaments on a cotton conveying curtain, then placing the cotton conveying curtain on a net forming box, uniformly paving the cotton conveying curtain on a net forming curtain, and preparing a pre-punched felt under the action of a pre-punching machine; 5) and (3) carrying out multistage needling treatment on the pre-punched felt prepared in the step (4), and then carrying out edge cutting and rolling. The product prepared by the invention has wide application.)

1. The preparation method of the asphalt-based general-grade carbon fiber needled felt is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

1) preparation of the starting materials

Preparing asphalt-based general-grade carbon fiber filaments for later use;

2) opening in one step

Feeding the pitch-based general-grade carbon fiber filament prepared in the step 1) into an opener through a feeding roller to prepare a first-grade pitch-based general-grade carbon fiber short filament;

3) secondary opening

Conveying the primary pitch-based universal carbon fiber short filaments prepared in the step 2) into a cotton box by wind, and preparing secondary pitch-based universal carbon fiber short filaments under the action of a conveying nail curtain;

4) pre-needled felt preparation

Conveying the second-stage pitch-based general-grade carbon fiber short filaments prepared in the step 3) into a cotton dropping box, uniformly paving the second-stage pitch-based general-grade carbon fiber short filaments on a cotton conveying curtain, then placing the cotton conveying curtain on a net forming box, uniformly paving the cotton conveying curtain on a net forming curtain, and preparing a pre-punched felt under the action of a pre-punching machine;

5) needling treatment

And (3) carrying out multistage needling treatment on the pre-punched felt prepared in the step (4), and then carrying out edge cutting and rolling.

2. The method for preparing the pitch-based general-purpose carbon fiber needled felt according to claim 1, characterized in that: 1) in the preparation of raw materials, the method for preparing the pitch-based universal-grade carbon fiber filament comprises the following steps:

firstly, heating the spun asphalt to the temperature of 280 ℃ and 350 ℃, pressurizing to 1-2.5Mpa by a melt pump, and preparing asphalt protofilaments by a spinning die head;

secondly, the pitch protofilament is oxidized in a pre-oxidation furnace at the temperature of 150 ℃ and 450 ℃ to obtain pre-oxidized fiber;

thirdly, the pre-oxidized fiber is sent into a carbonization furnace, and the pre-oxidized fiber is prepared into the pitch-based universal carbon fiber precursor at the temperature of over 900 ℃ in the nitrogen atmosphere.

3. The method for preparing the pitch-based general-purpose carbon fiber needled felt according to claim 2, characterized in that: the diameter of the pitch-based universal carbon fiber precursor is 5-15 mu m, the carbon content is more than or equal to 93 percent, and the density is 1.4-2.3g/cm³。

4. The method for preparing the pitch-based general-purpose carbon fiber needled felt according to claim 1, characterized in that: 2) in the primary opening, the length of the primary asphalt base general-grade carbon fiber short filament is 8-12 cm.

5. The method for preparing the pitch-based general-purpose carbon fiber needled felt according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3) in the secondary opening, the length of the second-level asphalt-based general-level carbon fiber short filament is 4-5 cm.

6. The method for preparing the pitch-based general-purpose carbon fiber needled felt according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotating speed of the opener is 700-800 rpm, and the nails of the nail roller of the opener are tangent to the feeding material at an angle of 15-25 ℃; the length of the nails on the nail roller is more than or equal to 25mm, and the nail density of the nail roller is 0.2-0.3 per square centimeter.

7. The method for preparing the pitch-based general-purpose carbon fiber needled felt according to claim 1, characterized in that: 4) in the preparation of the pre-punched felt, the pre-punched felt is uniformly paved on a cotton conveying curtain with the thickness of 6-8 cm; the laying gram weight is 500-1000g/m²。

8. The utility model provides a general grade carbon fiber needled felt of pitch base which characterized in that: the asphalt-based general-grade carbon fiber needled felt is prepared by the preparation method of the asphalt-based general-grade carbon fiber needled felt according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. Use of a pitch-based universal grade carbon fiber needled felt according to claim 8, wherein: used as a heat preservation article in the process of producing and preparing crystal silicon products.

10. Use of a pitch-based universal grade carbon fiber needled felt according to claim 9, characterized in that: the crystalline silicon product comprises photovoltaic crystalline silicon and semiconductor chip crystalline silicon.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of non-woven fabric preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an asphalt-based general-grade carbon fiber needled felt, the prepared asphalt-based general-grade carbon fiber needled felt, and application of the asphalt-based general-grade carbon fiber needled felt.

Technical Field

Currently, the center of gravity of the global composite material is shifting from developed countries in europe and america to asia, the high-speed growth of the asian composite material yield is one of the most obvious trends in the development of the industry, and the world carbon fiber demand will increase at a rate of about 13% every year, with a good prospect. In the twenty-first century, the carbon fiber is widely demanded in various industries and markets, and the demand is huge.

Disclosure of Invention

Researches show that the heat-preservation needled felt with the use temperature of domestic equipment over 2000 ℃ is mainly prepared from polyacrylonitrile and viscose base serving as raw materials. Compared with the pitch-based general-grade carbon fiber needled felt, the carbon fiber needled felt prepared from polyacrylonitrile has poor heat insulation performance, and in the production of photovoltaic crystalline silicon and semiconductor chip crystalline silicon, the heat insulation material made of the pitch-based general-grade carbon fiber needled felt is 10% energy-saving compared with the heat insulation material made of the carbon fiber needled felt prepared from polyacrylonitrile. The viscose-based carbon fiber needled felt has high cost and low yield, and is not suitable for being used as a heat insulation material for high-temperature equipment at the temperature of more than 2000 ℃.

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an asphalt-based general-grade carbon fiber needled felt and the asphalt-based general-grade carbon fiber needled felt prepared by the method.

The carbon fiber has high strength, high modulus, excellent thermal property, excellent oxidation resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, transportation and the like. The carbon fiber preform (needle felt) is a preformed part which is formed by laying carbon fibers into a three-dimensional structure by adopting a non-woven process method, and is a framework of composite materials such as carbon/carbon composite materials, carbon/ceramic composite materials and the like.

The specific scheme is as follows:

a preparation method of a pitch-based universal-grade carbon fiber needled felt comprises the following steps:

1) preparation of the starting materials

Preparing asphalt-based general-grade carbon fiber filaments for later use;

2) opening in one step

Feeding the pitch-based general-grade carbon fiber filament prepared in the step 1) into an opener through a feeding roller to prepare a first-grade pitch-based general-grade carbon fiber short filament;

3) secondary opening

Conveying the primary pitch-based universal carbon fiber short filaments prepared in the step 2) into a cotton box by wind, and preparing secondary pitch-based universal carbon fiber short filaments under the action of a conveying nail curtain;

4) pre-needled felt preparation

Conveying the second-stage pitch-based general-grade carbon fiber short filaments prepared in the step 3) into a cotton dropping box, uniformly paving the second-stage pitch-based general-grade carbon fiber short filaments on a cotton conveying curtain, then placing the cotton conveying curtain on a net forming box, uniformly paving the cotton conveying curtain on a net forming curtain, and preparing a pre-punched felt under the action of a pre-punching machine;

5) needling treatment

And (3) carrying out multistage needling treatment on the pre-punched felt prepared in the step (4), and then carrying out edge cutting and rolling.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, 1) the method for preparing the pitch-based general-purpose carbon fiber filament in the preparation of raw materials comprises the following steps:

firstly, heating the spun asphalt to the temperature of 280 ℃ and 350 ℃, pressurizing to 1-2.5Mpa by a melt pump, and preparing asphalt protofilaments by a spinning die head;

secondly, the pitch protofilament is oxidized in a pre-oxidation furnace at the temperature of 150 ℃ and 450 ℃ to obtain pre-oxidized fiber;

thirdly, the pre-oxidized fiber is sent into a carbonization furnace, and the pre-oxidized fiber is prepared into the pitch-based universal carbon fiber precursor at the temperature of over 900 ℃ in the nitrogen atmosphere.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the asphalt-based universal carbon fiber precursor is 5-15 μm, the carbon content is more than or equal to 93%, and the true density is 1.4-2.3g/cm³。

In a specific embodiment of the invention, in 2) one-time opening, the length of the first-grade asphalt-based general-grade carbon fiber short filament is 8-12 cm.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, in 3) the secondary opening, the length of the second-level pitch-based general-purpose carbon fiber short filament is 4-5 cm.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, the rotating speed of the opener is 700-; the length of the nails on the nail roller is more than or equal to 25mm, and the nail density of the nail roller is 0.2-0.3 per square centimeter.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, 4) in the preparation of the pre-punched felt, the pre-punched felt is uniformly laid on the thickness of the cotton conveying curtainThe degree is 6-8 cm; the laying gram weight is 500-1000g/m²。

The invention provides an asphalt-based general-grade carbon fiber needled felt which is prepared by any preparation method of the asphalt-based general-grade carbon fiber needled felt.

The invention provides application of an asphalt-based universal carbon fiber needled felt as a heat preservation article in the process of producing and preparing crystalline silicon products.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, the crystalline silicon product comprises photovoltaic crystalline silicon and semiconductor chip crystalline silicon.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the molecular structure of the product prepared by the invention is a microscopically ordered, macroscopically disordered isotropic structure, and is not easy to graphitize, and the non-graphitized disordered structure is an ideal structure for heat preservation and heat insulation/radiation blocking. The product prepared by the invention has the characteristics of acid and alkali resistance, high temperature resistance, no combustion, oxidation resistance, sound insulation and the like, is suitable for being used under the high-temperature heat insulation condition, and has wide application.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.