阅读说明：本技术 一种氢氧化镍/聚醚胺改性碳纤维的制备方法 (Preparation method of nickel hydroxide/polyetheramine modified carbon fiber ) 是由 武清 万勤勤 王芬 朱建锋 于 2020-06-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种氢氧化镍/聚醚胺改性碳纤维的制备方法。对碳纤维表面进行清洗和氧化处理；配置六水硫酸镍、过硫酸钾和去离子水沉积液；采用化学浴沉积法和浸渍法将碳纤维通过装有沉积液和聚醚胺有机溶剂溶液,后清洗干燥,即完成氢氧化镍/聚醚胺对碳纤维的改性。该方法充分利用氢氧化镍优异的电化学氧化还原反应性及聚醚胺的氨基基团提高纤维的电化学性能,同时利用氢氧化镍的三维蜂窝状结构和聚醚胺的反应性能提高复合材料界面结合强度,为碳纤维的改性和应用提供了一种绿色环保、简单高效的方法。(A method for preparing nickel hydroxide/polyether amine modified carbon fiber. Cleaning and oxidizing the surface of the carbon fiber; preparing nickel sulfate hexahydrate, potassium persulfate and deionized water deposition solution; and (3) adopting a chemical bath deposition method and an immersion method to pass the carbon fiber through a solution containing deposition liquid and polyether amine organic solvent, and then cleaning and drying to finish the modification of the carbon fiber by the nickel hydroxide/polyether amine. The method fully utilizes the excellent electrochemical redox reactivity of the nickel hydroxide and the amino group of the polyether amine to improve the electrochemical performance of the fiber, and simultaneously utilizes the three-dimensional cellular structure of the nickel hydroxide and the reactivity of the polyether amine to improve the interface bonding strength of the composite material, thereby providing a green, environment-friendly, simple and efficient method for the modification and application of the carbon fiber.)

1. A preparation method of nickel hydroxide/polyether amine modified carbon fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) surface oxidation treatment of carbon fiber

Condensing and refluxing the carbon fiber with the cleaned surface at 60-80 ℃ for 2-6 h by using a Soxhlet extraction method with strong acid as a solvent, cleaning the carbon fiber with deionized water until the pH value of the washed deionized water is 7, and drying the carbon fiber at 50-70 ℃ for 2-4 h to obtain oxidized carbon fiber;

2) preparation of deposition solution

Preparing nickel sulfate hexahydrate: potassium persulfate: deionized water 1: (0.15-0.2): (25-30) preparing a uniform deposition solution in a molar ratio;

3) preparation of nickel hydroxide coating on surface of carbon fiber

Immersing the oxidized carbon fiber prepared in the step 1) into a slurry tank filled with 100ml of deposition liquid by adopting a chemical bath deposition method, then dropwise adding 5-20 ml of ammonia water solution, stirring, washing with deionized water, and drying at 50-70 ℃ to obtain nickel hydroxide modified carbon fiber;

4) preparation of carbon fiber surface polyetheramine coating

Immersing the nickel hydroxide modified carbon fiber into a mixed slurry tank filled with polyetheramine/organic solvent for 5-15 min by adopting an immersion method, wherein the mixed slurry of polyetheramine/organic solvent contains 0.05-0.6% of polyetheramine and 99.4-99.95% of organic solvent by mass percent, and drying at 50-70 ℃ to obtain the nickel hydroxide/polyetheramine modified carbon fiber.

2. The method for preparing nickel hydroxide/polyetheramine-modified carbon fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the strong acid in the step 1) is nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and a mixed solution of nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

3. The method for preparing nickel hydroxide/polyetheramine-modified carbon fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carbon fiber in the step 1) is a long polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber tow or carbon fiber cloth.

4. The method for preparing nickel hydroxide/polyetheramine-modified carbon fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carbon fiber surface cleaning in the step 1) is carried out by taking acetone or petroleum ether as a solvent, condensing and refluxing the carbon fiber at 70-80 ℃ for 12-48 h by adopting a Soxhlet extraction method, and then drying at 60-80 ℃ for 2-4 h.

5. The method for preparing nickel hydroxide/polyetheramine-modified carbon fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 3) dropwise adding an ammonia water solution and stirring for 5-60 min.

6. The method for preparing nickel hydroxide/polyetheramine-modified carbon fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 3) washing for 3-5 times by using deionized water.

7. The method for preparing nickel hydroxide/polyetheramine-modified carbon fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 3) drying for 2-4 h.

8. The method for preparing nickel hydroxide/polyetheramine-modified carbon fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the molecular weight of the polyether amine in the step 4) is 230-2000.

9. The method for preparing nickel hydroxide/polyetheramine-modified carbon fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the organic solvent in the step 4) is dimethylformamide, toluene, tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane.

10. The method for preparing nickel hydroxide/polyetheramine-modified carbon fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the drying time in the step 4) is 2-4 h.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of surface and interface modification of materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of nickel hydroxide/polyetheramine modified carbon fibers.

Background

With the improvement of the production technology and the continuous expansion of the application field of the carbon fiber composite material, the demand of the carbon fiber composite material is increased year by year, and meanwhile, the comprehensive performance requirement of the carbon fiber composite material is also improved all the time. The carbon fiber has excellent mechanical properties such as high specific modulus, high specific strength and the like, but the surface of the carbon fiber is lack of active groups and has low surface energy, so that the interface bonding strength formed by compounding the carbon fiber and a resin matrix is very poor, and the exertion of the high performance of the carbon fiber is greatly limited, therefore, the surface of the carbon fiber needs to be modified to prepare a composite material with excellent mechanical properties. Nanomaterials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, silicon dioxide, and the like, have large specific surface area and excellent mechanical and functional properties, and are widely used for carbon fiber surface modification to optimize the interfacial properties of composite materials, however, nanomaterials are not easy to disperse, the content is low, and problems of time consumption, high temperature, environmental pollution and the like commonly exist in the nanomaterial modification process, further bothering scientific research and production workers, and need to be solved. Therefore, it is important to find a simple, green and environment-friendly method for improving the problems of the existing nano materials and improving the interface performance of the composite material based on the nano material modified carbon fiber.

The nickel hydroxide nanosheets are mutually connected to form a three-dimensional honeycomb structure, so that the problems that the nanomaterial is not easy to disperse and the content of the nanomaterial is low in the interface modification of the composite material are effectively solved, and the nickel hydroxide is low in cost and environment-friendly. In addition, the nickel hydroxide nanosheet has a good development prospect in the aspects of battery materials, supercapacitors, electrochemical sensors and electrochemical catalysis due to the extremely large specific surface area, the electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction and the short ion diffusion path. Therefore, the nickel hydroxide has new potential in the aspects of modifying the surface of the carbon fiber to improve the interface bonding strength of the composite material and simultaneously improving the electrochemical performance of the material.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of nickel hydroxide/polyetheramine modified carbon fiber, which can solve the problems that the existing nano-material modified carbon fiber is difficult to disperse and low in content, and time-consuming, high-temperature, environment-friendly and the like are generally existed in the modification process, so that the modified carbon fiber has excellent electrochemical performance, the interface bonding strength of the carbon fiber/epoxy composite material is improved, and the application field of the carbon fiber composite material is widened.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

1) surface oxidation treatment of carbon fiber

Condensing and refluxing the carbon fiber with the cleaned surface at 60-80 ℃ for 2-6 h by using a Soxhlet extraction method with strong acid as a solvent, cleaning the carbon fiber with deionized water until the pH value of the washed deionized water is 7, and drying the carbon fiber at 50-70 ℃ for 2-4 h to obtain oxidized carbon fiber;

2) preparation of deposition solution

Preparing nickel sulfate hexahydrate: potassium persulfate: deionized water 1: (0.15-0.2): (25-30) preparing a uniform deposition solution in a molar ratio;

3) preparation of nickel hydroxide coating on surface of carbon fiber

Immersing the oxidized carbon fiber prepared in the step 1) into a slurry tank filled with 100ml of deposition liquid by adopting a chemical bath deposition method, then dropwise adding 5-20 ml of ammonia water solution, stirring, washing with deionized water, and drying at 50-70 ℃ to obtain nickel hydroxide modified carbon fiber;

4) preparation of carbon fiber surface polyetheramine coating

Immersing the nickel hydroxide modified carbon fiber into a mixed slurry tank filled with polyetheramine/organic solvent for 5-15 min by adopting an immersion method, wherein the mixed slurry of polyetheramine/organic solvent contains 0.05-0.6% of polyetheramine and 99.4-99.95% of organic solvent by mass percent, and drying at 50-70 ℃ to obtain the nickel hydroxide/polyetheramine modified carbon fiber.

The strong acid in the step 1) is nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and a mixed solution of nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

The carbon fiber in the step 1) is a long polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber tow or carbon fiber cloth.

The carbon fiber surface cleaning in the step 1) is carried out by taking acetone or petroleum ether as a solvent, condensing and refluxing the carbon fiber at 70-80 ℃ for 12-48 h by adopting a Soxhlet extraction method, and then drying at 60-80 ℃ for 2-4 h.

And 3) dropwise adding an ammonia water solution and stirring for 5-60 min.

And 3) washing for 3-5 times by using deionized water.

And 3) drying for 2-4 h.

The molecular weight of the polyether amine in the step 4) is 230-2000.

The organic solvent in the step 4) is dimethylformamide, toluene, tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane.

And the drying time in the step 4) is 2-4 h.

The invention has the advantages that:

1) the nickel hydroxide coating prepared by the invention has a three-dimensional connected honeycomb structure, can effectively promote the transmission of stress from resin to fibers, and simultaneously, the polyether amine plays a role in improving the wettability of the fibers and the resin and increasing the reactivity of the fibers and the resin. The combined effect of the nickel hydroxide and the polyetheramine is an increase in the interfacial shear strength of the composite.

2) The nickel hydroxide/polyether amine modified carbon fiber prepared by the method not only improves the interfacial property of the composite material, but also improves the electrochemical property of the modified fiber, thereby endowing the material with application in the aspect of mechanical and functional integrated composite materials.

3) The surface treatment method of the carbon fiber is a chemical bath deposition method and a dipping method, and the method is environment-friendly, simple, efficient, good in repeatability and easy for industrial production.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a nickel hydroxide-modified carbon fiber prepared in example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the nickel hydroxide/polyetheramine-modified carbon fiber prepared in example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.