阅读说明：本技术 一种金属基砂轮精密成形修形方法 (Metal-based grinding wheel precision forming and shaping method ) 是由 关佳亮 尚海洋 郭奎崇 徐真真 王建杰 于 2020-04-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种金属基砂轮精密成形修形方法,该方法实现金属基砂轮在位电火花精密成形修形,将数控车削和电火花加工技术有机结合起来用于金属基砂轮的精密修形；通过调整电火花加工的电参数和非电参数实现对金属基砂轮的在位电火花精密成形修形；在修形过程中实时对电火花加工电级的轮廓精度进行监控,发现达不到加工要求时,车刀进位对电火花加工电级进行在线成形精密成形车削,从而保证电火花加工电极的轮廓精度；实现加工电极在线精密成形车削和金属基砂轮的在位电火花精密成形加工在同一个工位上同时进行,本发明提出的方法提高了金属基砂轮精密成形修形的效率和精度。(The invention discloses a metal-based grinding wheel precision shaping and dressing method, which realizes the in-place electric spark precision shaping and dressing of a metal-based grinding wheel, and organically combines the numerical control turning and electric spark machining technologies for the precision dressing of the metal-based grinding wheel; the in-situ electric spark precision shaping and modification of the metal-based grinding wheel are realized by adjusting the electric parameters and the non-electric parameters of the electric spark machining; monitoring the profile precision of the electric spark machining electrode in real time in the modification process, and carrying out on-line forming precision forming turning on the electric spark machining electrode by a turning tool when the fact that the machining requirement cannot be met is found, so that the profile precision of the electric spark machining electrode is ensured; the method realizes that the on-line precise forming turning of the machining electrode and the in-place electric spark precise forming machining of the metal-based grinding wheel are simultaneously carried out on the same station, and improves the efficiency and the precision of the precise forming and trimming of the metal-based grinding wheel.)

1. A method for precisely shaping and modifying a metal-based grinding wheel is characterized by comprising the following steps of,

1) the metal-based grinding wheel spindle is fixed on the lathe bed, the two turning tools and the two electric spark machining electrodes are distributed at two ends of the metal-based grinding wheel, and plane motion is realized through a ball screw; the center line of the turning tool is vertical to the rotating shaft of the electric spark machining electrode, the rotating shaft of the electric spark machining electrode is parallel to the metal-based grinding wheel spindle, and the center line of the turning tool, the rotating shaft of the electric spark machining electrode and the metal-based grinding wheel spindle are on the same plane;

2) according to the machining requirements, a forming turning feed path is divided into 10000 points, and a turning tool is controlled through numerical control programming to perform forming turning on an electric spark machining electrode through a ball screw according to the path; the rotating speed of the electric spark machining electrode is 1100-;

3) the electric spark machining electrodes with the formed two ends are translated to the side of the metal-based grinding wheel through a ball screw, the metal-based grinding wheel is subjected to in-situ electric spark precision forming modification, and the contour precision of the metal-based grinding wheel and the electric spark machining electrodes is monitored in real time in the modification stage;

4) rough trimming: the rotating speed of the metal-based grinding wheel is 950-1000r/min, the rotating speed of the electric spark machining electrode is 430-450r/min, the rotating direction of the metal-based grinding wheel is opposite to that of the electric spark machining electrode, the discharge voltage is 40-45V, and the discharge current is 15-20A;

5) in the rough trimming stage of the metal-based grinding wheel, if the outline deviation PV value of the metal-based grinding wheel is less than 7.3 mu m, carrying out the next operation; otherwise, judging whether the profile deviation PV value of the electric spark machining electrode is less than 2 mu m, and continuing to perform the rough repair stage on the metal-based grinding wheel when the profile deviation PV value is met; when the machining condition is not met, the turning tool is moved to a machining position through a ball screw, the electric spark machining electrode is subjected to on-line forming turning, the feeding amount of single turning is 6-8 mu m, meanwhile, the metal-based grinding wheel is roughly repaired, and the machining condition is met until the profile deviation PV value of the metal-based grinding wheel is smaller than 7.3 mu m;

6) fine modification: the rotating speed of the metal-based grinding wheel is 900-950r/min, the rotating speed of the electric spark machining electrode is 400-430r/min, the rotating direction of the metal-based grinding wheel is opposite to that of the electric spark machining electrode, the discharge voltage is 35-40V, and the discharge current is 10-15A;

7) in the stage of fine finishing of the metal-based grinding wheel, if the outline deviation PV value of the metal-based grinding wheel is less than 4.6 mu m, finishing the processing; otherwise, judging whether the profile deviation PV value of the electric spark machining electrode is smaller than 1 mu m, and continuing to perform the fine finishing stage of the metal-based grinding wheel if the profile deviation PV value is smaller than 1 mu m, and otherwise; and moving the turning tool to a machining position through a ball screw, carrying out on-line forming turning on the electric spark machining electrode, wherein the feeding amount of single turning is 4-5 mu m, and simultaneously carrying out rough trimming on the metal-based grinding wheel until the metal-based grinding wheel profile deviation PV value is less than 4.6 mu m.

2. The method for precision forming dressing of a metal-based grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the on-line precision forming turning of the electric discharge machining electrode and the in-place electric discharge precision forming machining of the metal-based grinding wheel are performed simultaneously at the same station, thereby ensuring that the profile precision of the electric discharge machining electrode is always within a certain range, and further ensuring that the profile of the metal-based grinding wheel is obtained.

3. The method for precision finishing of a metal-based grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring of the accuracy of the profile of the metal-based grinding wheel is performed simultaneously with the monitoring of the accuracy of the profile of the electric discharge machining electrode.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of precision machining, in particular to a metal-based grinding wheel precision forming and shaping method.

Background

The metal-based grinding wheel has the advantages of long service life, good shape retentivity and high grinding efficiency, and effectively solves the problems of low grinding efficiency and difficulty in obtaining high precision of materials such as high-temperature alloy, ceramic, optical glass and the like which are difficult to process. However, the characteristics of high hardness and good wear resistance of the metal-based grinding wheel bring great difficulty to precise forming and modification. At present, the forming and shape modification of the metal-based grinding wheel generally adopts methods such as shape modification by a grinding method, electric spark shape modification, online electrolysis shape modification and the like, but the shape modification by the grinding method has higher requirements on a rolling shaft, and the shape modification efficiency is low; in the traditional electric spark modification, spark oil is used as a medium, so that the environment pollution is caused, and the repeated clamping accumulated error is caused by off-line modification; the on-line electrolytic shape-modifying method is a micro-etching processing mode, and the on-line electrolytic technology is generally used in the sharpening stage.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention realizes a precision machining technology for realizing the precision forming and shaping of the metal-based grinding wheel by one-time clamping, and solves the problems of low machining efficiency, large off-line shaping and assembling errors and the like in the traditional machining technology.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a metal-based grinding wheel precision forming and shaping method is shown in a schematic process flow diagram of the metal-based grinding wheel precision forming and shaping method, wherein a metal-based grinding wheel spindle is fixed on a lathe bed according to processing requirements, two turning tools and two electric spark processing electrodes are distributed at two ends of the metal-based grinding wheel, and plane motion can be realized through a ball screw; the center line of the turning tool is vertical to the rotating shaft of the electric spark machining electrode, the rotating shaft of the electric spark machining electrode is parallel to the metal-based grinding wheel spindle, and the center line of the turning tool, the rotating shaft of the electric spark machining electrode and the metal-based grinding wheel spindle are on the same plane.

1) According to the machining requirements, a forming turning feed path is divided into 10000 points, and a turning tool is controlled through numerical control programming to perform forming turning on an electric spark machining electrode through a ball screw according to the path; the rotation speed of the electric spark machining electrode is 1100-.

2) The electric spark machining electrode with well-formed two ends is translated to the side of the metal-based grinding wheel through the ball screw, the metal-based grinding wheel is connected with the negative electrode of a power supply, the electric spark machining electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, deionized water solution containing additives is used as a medium, in-situ electric spark precision forming and trimming are carried out on the metal-based grinding wheel, and the contour precision of the metal-based grinding wheel and the electric spark machining electrode is monitored in real time in the trimming stage.

3) Rough trimming: the rotating speed of the metal-based grinding wheel is 950-1000r/min, the rotating speed of the electric spark machining electrode is 430-450r/min, the rotating direction of the metal-based grinding wheel is opposite to that of the electric spark machining electrode, the discharge voltage is 40-45V, and the discharge current is 15-20A.

4) In the rough trimming stage of the metal-based grinding wheel, if the outline deviation PV value of the metal-based grinding wheel is less than 7.3 mu m, carrying out the next operation; otherwise, judging whether the profile deviation PV value of the electric spark machining electrode is less than 2 mu m, and continuing to perform the rough repair stage on the metal-based grinding wheel when the profile deviation PV value is met; and when the machining condition is not met, the turning tool is moved to a machining position through the ball screw, the electric spark machining electrode is subjected to on-line forming turning, the feeding amount of single turning is 6-8 mu m, meanwhile, the metal-based grinding wheel is roughly repaired, and the machining condition is met until the profile deviation PV value of the metal-based grinding wheel is smaller than 7.3 mu m.

5) Fine modification: the rotating speed of the metal-based grinding wheel is 900-950r/min, the rotating speed of the electric spark machining electrode is 400-430r/min, the rotating direction of the metal-based grinding wheel is opposite to that of the electric spark machining electrode, the discharge voltage is 35-40V, and the discharge current is 10-15A.

6) In the stage of fine finishing of the metal-based grinding wheel, if the outline deviation PV value of the metal-based grinding wheel is less than 4.6 mu m, finishing the processing; otherwise, judging whether the profile deviation PV value of the electric spark machining electrode is smaller than 1 mu m, and continuing to perform the fine finishing stage of the metal-based grinding wheel if the profile deviation PV value is smaller than 1 mu m, and otherwise; and moving the turning tool to a machining position through a ball screw, carrying out on-line forming turning on the electric spark machining electrode, wherein the feeding amount of single turning is 4-5 mu m, and simultaneously carrying out rough trimming on the metal-based grinding wheel until the metal-based grinding wheel profile deviation PV value is less than 4.6 mu m.

The invention has the advantages that:

1) the turning electrode is controlled and realized through numerical control programming, and the machining precision and efficiency are improved.

2) In-place electric spark precision forming modification adopts deionized water solution containing additives as a medium, overcomes the pollution of the traditional processing mode using spark oil as a medium to the environment, and can coexist with electrodeionization water used in the turning process and be recycled together.

3) In the on-site electric spark precise forming and shape-modifying stage, two modes of rough modification and fine modification are adopted, so that the shape-modifying efficiency is improved, and the shape-modifying precision is also improved.

4) The contour accuracy of the electric spark machining electrode is monitored in real time in the in-place electric spark precision forming and shaping process, when the machining requirement cannot be met, the turning tool is moved to a machining station through the ball screw, the electric spark machining electrode is subjected to on-line forming and turning, the on-line precision forming and turning of the electric spark machining electrode and the in-place electric spark precision forming and machining of the metal-based grinding wheel are simultaneously carried out on the same station, and therefore the shaping accuracy and efficiency are improved.

5) The two electric spark machining electrodes can carry out in-place electric spark precision forming machining on the metal-based grinding wheel, and the shaping efficiency can be improved.

6) The whole process of the precise forming and shaping of the metal-based grinding wheel is finished through one-time clamping, and the accumulated error caused by repeated clamping is avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a metal-based grinding wheel precision forming and dressing process

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a precise shaping and dressing method for an arc metal-based grinding wheel

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are used for clearly and completely describing the technical scheme of the present invention, and the embodiments are only used for explaining the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a precise shaping and dressing method for an arc-shaped metal-based grinding wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the precise shaping and dressing method for an arc-shaped metal-based grinding wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention is described as an example.

(1) The arc metal-based grinding wheel is fixed in the center of a machine tool, two hard alloy turning tools and two revolving body coppers distributed at two ends of the arc metal-based grinding wheel realize in-plane motion through a ball screw, the central line of each turning tool is perpendicular to the revolving shaft of the corresponding revolving body copter, the revolving shaft of the corresponding revolving body copter is parallel to the arc metal-based grinding wheel spindle, and the central line of each turning tool, the revolving shaft of the corresponding revolving body copter and the arc metal-based grinding wheel spindle are on the same plane. (2) According to the processing requirement, a forming turning feed path is divided into 10000 points, and a turning tool is controlled through numerical control programming to form and turn the copper pole of the revolving body according to the path through a ball screw. (3) The revolving speed of the copper pole of the revolving body is 1100-. (4) The revolving body copper pole with well-formed two ends is translated to the side of the arc-shaped metal-based grinding wheel through the ball screw to be used as an electric spark machining electrode, the arc-shaped metal-based grinding wheel is connected with the negative electrode of a power supply, the revolving body copper pole is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, deionized water solution containing additives is used as a medium, the arc-shaped metal-based grinding wheel is subjected to in-situ electric spark precision forming and shaping, and the contour precision of the arc-shaped metal-based grinding wheel and the revolving body copper pole is monitored in real time in the. (5) Rough trimming: the rotating speed of the arc metal-based grinding wheel is 950-1000r/min, the rotating speed of the copper pole of the revolving body is 430-450r/min, the rotating direction of the arc metal-based grinding wheel is opposite to that of the copper pole of the revolving body, the discharge voltage is 40-45V, and the discharge current is 15-20A. (6) In the rough trimming stage of the arc-shaped metal-based grinding wheel, if the outline deviation PV value of the arc-shaped metal-based grinding wheel is less than 7.3 mu m, the next operation is carried out; otherwise, judging whether the profile deviation PV value of the copper pole of the revolving body is less than 2 mu m or not, and continuing to perform the rough repair stage of the arc-shaped metal-based grinding wheel when the profile deviation PV value is met; and when the machining condition is not met, the turning tool is moved to a machining position through the ball screw, online forming and turning are carried out on the copper pole of the revolving body, the feeding amount of single turning is 6-8 mu m, rough trimming is carried out on the arc-shaped metal-based grinding wheel, and the machining is carried out until the profile deviation PV value of the arc-shaped metal-based grinding wheel is smaller than 7.3 mu m. (7) Fine modification: the rotating speed of the arc metal-based grinding wheel is 900-950r/min, the rotating speed of the copper pole of the revolving body is 400-430r/min, the rotating direction of the arc metal-based grinding wheel is opposite to that of the copper pole of the revolving body, the discharge voltage is 35-40V, and the discharge current is 10-15A. (8) In the stage of fine finishing the arc metal-based grinding wheel, if the profile deviation PV value of the arc metal-based grinding wheel is less than 4.6 mu m, finishing the processing; otherwise, judging whether the profile deviation PV value of the copper pole of the revolving body is less than 1 μm, and continuing to perform the fine finishing stage of the arc-shaped metal-based grinding wheel when the profile deviation PV value is met; and when the machining condition is not met, the turning tool is moved to a machining position through the ball screw, the electric spark machining electrode is subjected to on-line forming turning, the feeding amount of single turning is 4-5 mu m, meanwhile, the arc metal-based grinding wheel is roughly repaired, and the machining is carried out until the profile deviation PV value of the arc metal-based grinding wheel is smaller than 4.6 mu m.

The method can realize high-efficiency and high-precision shaping and dressing of the metal-based grinding wheel.