阅读说明：本技术 一种中冷回热燃气轮机与有机介质复合底循环的联合系统 (Combined system of intercooling regenerative gas turbine and organic medium composite bottom circulation ) 是由 郭宣华 于 2020-03-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种中冷回热燃气轮机与有机介质复合底循环的联合系统,包括中冷回热燃气轮机、烟气换热器、有机工质透平、冷凝器和加压泵,所述烟气换热器第一与中冷回热燃气轮机的回热器连通,烟气换热器第二与有机工质透平连通,有机工质透平与冷凝器连通,冷凝器与加压泵连通,加压泵与中冷回热燃气轮机的中冷器连通,中冷器与烟气换热器连通；烟气换热器将回热器输入的烟气进行降温后排出；使用本装置,可以解决使用亚临界有机朗肯循环和卡琳娜循环存在的恒定蒸发温度导致中冷器换热不充分、火用损失大的问题,也可以使整个系统具备比中冷回热燃气轮机更高的发电效率,并且可以提高燃气轮机在炎热气候下的动力输出。(The invention discloses a combined system of an intercooling regenerative gas turbine and organic medium composite bottom circulation, which comprises an intercooling regenerative gas turbine, a flue gas heat exchanger, an organic working medium turbine, a condenser and a pressure pump, wherein the first flue gas heat exchanger is communicated with a regenerator of the intercooling regenerative gas turbine, the second flue gas heat exchanger is communicated with the organic working medium turbine, the organic working medium turbine is communicated with the condenser, the condenser is communicated with the pressure pump, the pressure pump is communicated with an intercooler of the intercooling regenerative gas turbine, and the intercooler is communicated with the flue gas heat exchanger; the flue gas heat exchanger cools the flue gas input by the heat regenerator and then discharges the cooled flue gas; by using the device, the problems of insufficient heat exchange of the intercooler and large fire loss caused by the constant evaporation temperature existing in subcritical organic Rankine cycle and kalina cycle can be solved, the whole system can have higher power generation efficiency than an intercooling regenerative gas turbine, and the power output of the gas turbine in hot weather can be improved.)

1. The combined system of the intercooling regenerative gas turbine and the organic medium composite bottom circulation is characterized by comprising an intercooling regenerative gas turbine (1), a flue gas heat exchanger (2), an organic working medium turbine (3), a condenser (4) and a pressure pump (5), wherein the flue gas heat exchanger (2) is communicated with a regenerator (13) of the intercooling regenerative gas turbine (1), the flue gas heat exchanger (2) is communicated with the organic working medium turbine (3), the organic working medium turbine (3) is communicated with the condenser (4), the condenser (4) is communicated with the pressure pump (5), the pressure pump (5) is communicated with an intercooler (12) of the intercooling regenerative gas turbine (1), and the intercooler (12) is communicated with the flue gas heat exchanger (2); the condenser (4) is used for cooling the organic working medium and releasing heat into liquid and conveying the liquid to the pressure pump (5), the pressure pump is used for pressurizing the organic working medium to exceed critical pressure and conveying the liquid to the intercooler (12), the intercooler (12) is used for heating the organic working medium and conveying the organic working medium to the flue gas heat exchanger (2), the flue gas heat exchanger (2) is used for heating the organic working medium to exceed critical temperature and conveying the organic working medium to the organic working medium turbine (3), and the organic working medium turbine (3) is used for utilizing expansion of the organic working medium to work and conveying the organic working medium to the; the flue gas heat exchanger (2) cools the flue gas input by the heat regenerator (13) and then discharges the cooled flue gas.

2. The combined system of the intercooled regenerative gas turbine and the organic medium composite bottoming cycle is characterized by further comprising a throttle valve (6) and a compressor (7), wherein the throttle valve (6) is also communicated with the condenser (4), the throttle valve (6) is communicated with a charge air cooler (11) of the intercooled regenerative gas turbine (1), the charge air cooler (11) is communicated with the compressor (7), and the compressor (7) is communicated with the condenser (4); the organic working medium part discharged from the condenser (4) enters the throttle valve (6), the throttle valve (6) cools the entering organic working medium and then discharges the organic working medium into the air inlet cooler (11), and the organic working medium entering the air inlet cooler (11) absorbs heat and then enters the compressor (7) and then enters the condenser (4) after being boosted by the compressor (7).

3. The combined system of the intercooled recuperated gas turbine and the organic medium composite bottoming cycle is characterized by further comprising a heat exchanger (8), wherein one input end of the heat exchanger (8) is communicated with the booster pump (5), and the output end corresponding to the input end of the heat exchanger is communicated with an intercooler (12); the other input end of the heat exchanger (8) is communicated with the output end of the throttle valve (6), the output end corresponding to the input end is communicated with the input end of the compressor (7), and the heat exchanger (8) exchanges heat between the organic working medium input by the pressure pump (5) and the organic working medium input by the throttle valve (6).

4. The combined system of the intercooled regenerative gas turbine and the organic medium composite bottoming cycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein R123 is adopted as the organic working medium.

5. The combined system of the intercooled regenerative gas turbine and the organic medium composite bottoming cycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic working medium is R514A.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of gas turbines, in particular to a combined system of an intercooling regenerative gas turbine and organic medium composite bottom circulation.

Background

Since the invention of the gas turbine in the 30's of the 20 th century, it has found widespread use as an important class of engines in aeronautical, marine power and land-based power plants. The gas turbine adopting the air Brayton cycle has higher heat efficiency and output power, and measures for continuously improving the cycle efficiency comprise improving the initial temperature of the air inlet of the organic working medium turbine, adding reheating, inter-cooling and regenerative equipment, injecting steam into the organic working medium turbine, adding a steam Rankine cycle as a bottom cycle and the like.

In terms of power of a gas turbine of a ship, in order to improve the efficiency of the gas turbine of the ship, the leis rice company in 1946 signed a contract with the navy of the united kingdom for producing an intercooled regenerative (ICR) gas turbine RM60 for a ship, but is limited by the current heat exchange technical conditions, which finally causes the problems of overlarge equipment, dust deposition of a heat exchanger and the like. Along with the continuous improvement of the working parameters of the gas turbine for the ship, the efficiency improvement of simple circulation meets the bottleneck, in addition, the intercooling heat regeneration technology becomes a hot point again due to the improvement of the heat exchanger technology in recent years, the WR-21 Type intercooling heat regeneration gas turbine for the ship, which is participated in by the Enmei Qiangtoude method in the beginning of the century, has been successful greatly, about 30% reduction of oil consumption is obtained after the ship, such as a Type45 Type expelling ship and the like, the high importance of naval forces in various countries is aroused, and China also starts to research and develop the gas turbine for the intercooling heat regeneration ship. However, the intercooled regenerative gas turbine technology also has a common defect of the gas turbine: the performance drops sharply in very hot climates, which tends to affect the dynamic performance of the ship in tropical sea areas. In addition, the intercooling regenerative technology is also a simple cycle per se, and a bottom cycle is not matched with the intercooling regenerative technology, so that the efficiency is higher than that of a non-intercooling regenerative gas turbine, but still is not as high as that of a gas-steam combined cycle, so people try to use gas-steam combined cycle power (COGAS) on ships for many times, but other ships except a few large mail ships cannot be successfully applied to the ships so far, and even the attempts of American navy on a ten-thousand-level warship are failed. In plain terms, the steam rankine cycle is a bottoming cycle with excellent efficiency, but has the disadvantages of complex system, large volume and weight, and insufficient response speed, so that the steam rankine cycle is not suitable for most ships.

In the case of onshore gas turbine power plants, essentially non-intercooled regenerative gas turbines, gas-steam combined cycles have gained widespread use, and the latest H-stage gas turbines have achieved 63-64% gross efficiency in conjunction with triple-pressure reheat steam cycles. Steam rankine cycles have been proven to be a successful bottoming cycle in practice, since land space is sufficient and water is a common inexpensive medium in many areas. However, the gas-steam combined cycle is not perfect, firstly, the gas turbine is very sensitive to the external atmospheric environment, especially the temperature, and even if a water spray cooling measure is provided, the output of the combined cycle can be reduced by about 10 to 20 percent in hot and humid summer. Second, it becomes difficult or even infeasible to construct gas-steam combined cycles in arid and even desert areas subject to water source conditions.

In summary, a gas-steam combined cycle which is large in volume and weight and lacks sufficient response speed cannot be used on most ships, while the efficiency of a cold-heat recovery gas turbine is lower than that of the gas-steam combined cycle in use, and the problems that the performance is sharply reduced in very hot climates and the power performance of the ships in tropical sea areas is poor cannot be overcome by using the technology of the cold-heat recovery gas turbine on the ships; the gas-steam combined cycle can not be used on dry land or desert land, and the problem of the efficiency reduction of the gas turbine to the temperature change can not be solved.

Because the gas-steam combined cycle has the technical problems of large equipment, large water consumption and the like, and is not convenient to use in water-deficient places such as ships and dry deserts, a great deal of research is carried out on the bottom cycle of a mid-cold regenerative (reheat) gas turbine (Brayton cycle) in the industry, at present, subcritical organic Rankine cycle is used as a combined system formed by the bottom cycle of the mid-cold regenerative gas turbine and an inter-cold regenerative gas turbine, and Carlina cycle (ammonia water) is also used as a combined system formed by the bottom cycle of the mid-cold regenerative gas turbine and the inter-cold regenerative gas turbine, so that the efficiency of the mid-cold regenerative (reheat) gas turbine is improved; however, the power generation efficiency is not high enough when the subcritical organic rankine cycle and the kalina cycle (ammonia water) are used as the bottoming cycle of the intercooling regenerative gas turbine, and through the intensive research of the inventor, the problems that the subcritical organic working medium and the ammonia water have insufficient heat exchange of the intercooler and large fire loss due to the constant evaporation temperature when the subcritical organic working medium and the kalina cycle (ammonia water) are used as the bottoming cycle respectively are discovered.

Meanwhile, the problems that the gas turbine is very sensitive to the external atmospheric environment, particularly the temperature, and the power output is obviously reduced in hot and humid summer can be solved by using a subcritical organic Rankine cycle as a combined system consisting of a bottom cycle of the intercooling regenerative gas turbine and the intercooling regenerative gas turbine, a kalina cycle (ammonia water) as a combined system consisting of a bottom cycle of the intercooling regenerative gas turbine and the intercooling regenerative gas turbine, or a gas-steam combined cycle power (COGAS) system.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a combined system of an intercooling regenerative gas turbine and an organic medium composite bottom cycle, which aims to solve the problems that subcritical organic working media and ammonia water have constant evaporation temperatures, so that the intercooler heat exchange is insufficient and the fire loss is large when subcritical organic Rankine cycle and Carlina cycle (ammonia water) are used as the bottom cycle of the intercooling regenerative gas turbine respectively.

A combined system of an intercooling regenerative gas turbine and organic medium composite bottom circulation comprises the intercooling regenerative gas turbine, a flue gas heat exchanger, an organic working medium turbine, a condenser and a pressure pump, wherein the flue gas heat exchanger is communicated with a heat regenerator of the intercooling regenerative gas turbine, the flue gas heat exchanger is communicated with the organic working medium turbine, the organic working medium turbine is communicated with the condenser, the condenser is communicated with the pressure pump, the pressure pump is communicated with an intercooler of the intercooling regenerative gas turbine, and the intercooler is communicated with the flue gas heat exchanger; the condenser is used for cooling the organic working medium and releasing heat into liquid and conveying the liquid to the pressure pump, the pressure pump is used for pressurizing the liquid organic working medium to a pressure higher than a critical pressure and conveying the liquid organic working medium to the intercooler, the intercooler is used for heating the organic working medium and conveying the organic working medium to the flue gas heat exchanger, the flue gas heat exchanger is used for heating the organic working medium to a temperature higher than a critical temperature and conveying the organic working medium to the organic working medium turbine, and the organic working medium turbine is used for utilizing the; the flue gas heat exchanger cools the flue gas input by the heat regenerator and then discharges the cooled flue gas. The middle cooling backheating gas turbine (Brayton cycle) is a top cycle, the flue gas heat exchanger, the organic working medium turbine, the condenser and the pressure pump are matched to form a supercritical organic Rankine cycle, the supercritical organic Rankine cycle is used as a bottom cycle of the combined system, in actual use, the condenser cools and releases heat of the organic working medium to form liquid and then conveys the liquid to the pressure pump, the pressure pump pressurizes the organic working medium to supercritical pressure and then conveys the liquid to the intercooler, the organic working medium enters the intercooler and then absorbs the heat inside and reduces the temperature of the intercooler, then enters the flue gas heat exchanger, the flue gas heat exchanger exchanges heat between the gas input by the backhator and the input organic working medium, the flue gas is discharged after being cooled, the organic working medium is heated to supercritical temperature, then the organic working medium enters the organic working medium turbine to apply work, the organic working medium turbine applies work and then conveys the, the supercritical organic working medium is used for replacing other cooling media and exchanging heat with compressed air in the intercooler to obtain energy, meanwhile, the smoke heat discharged by the heat regenerator is absorbed in the smoke heat exchanger, the temperature of the smoke heat is between 150 ℃ and 300 ℃, which is just an interval where the organic Rankine cycle has advantages on the steam Rankine cycle, the heated organic working medium enters an organic working medium turbine to do work and generate power, so that the supercritical organic Rankine cycle absorbs waste heat of top cycle and generates power, and according to the temperature gradient distribution characteristics of smoke of the intercooler and the heat regenerator, the supercritical organic working medium is heated to be above the supercritical temperature through the intercooler and the smoke heat exchanger, so that the bottom cycle power generation efficiency is improved; in addition, the organic working medium is pressurized to the supercritical pressure in the pressurizing pump to form the supercritical fluid, and the supercritical fluid has no constant evaporation temperature, so that the defects of insufficient heat exchange and large fire loss of the intercooler caused by the constant evaporation temperature of the subcritical organic working medium and ammonia water are overcome.

Preferably, the system further comprises a throttle valve and a compressor, wherein the throttle valve is also communicated with the condenser, the throttle valve is communicated with an intake cooler of the intercooling regenerative gas turbine, the intake cooler is communicated with the compressor, and the compressor is communicated with the condenser; the organic working medium part discharged from the condenser enters a throttle valve, the throttle valve cools the organic working medium and discharges the organic working medium into an air inlet cooler, and the organic working medium entering the air inlet cooler absorbs heat and then enters a compressor to be boosted by the compressor and then enters the condenser. The problems that the gas turbine is very sensitive to the external atmospheric environment, particularly the temperature, and the efficiency is reduced in hot and humid summer can be solved by using a subcritical organic Rankine cycle as a combined system consisting of a bottom cycle of an intercooling regenerative gas turbine and the intercooling regenerative gas turbine, a kalina cycle (ammonia water) as a combined system consisting of a bottom cycle of the intercooling regenerative gas turbine and the intercooling regenerative gas turbine, and a gas-steam combined cycle power (COGAS) system. The technical scheme is that a throttle valve and a compressor are arranged, the throttle valve is also communicated with the condenser, an organic working medium output from the condenser is divided into two paths, one path of the organic working medium enters a pressure pump for pressurization to carry out supercritical organic Rankine cycle, the other path of the organic working medium enters the throttle valve to generate obvious temperature drop, then enters an air inlet cooler to absorb heat, enters the compressor after being heated, enters the condenser after being boosted, so as to form refrigeration cycle, the low-temperature organic working medium enters the air inlet cooler to reduce the temperature of the air entering the air inlet cooler and the temperature of the air entering the air inlet cooler so as to provide cold energy for top cycle, and simultaneously, the temperature of the air entering the gas turbine in the external atmospheric temperature change range of 40 ℃ below zero can be always near a design point by matching with the inlet heating function of the gas turbine, so that the whole system can maintain quite stable, the method improves the power output in hot weather, has great significance for land gas turbine power stations and marine gas turbines, and greatly reduces infrared signals particularly for warships.

Preferably, the system further comprises a heat exchanger, one input end of the heat exchanger is communicated with the booster pump, and the output end corresponding to the input end of the heat exchanger is communicated with the intercooler; the other input end of the heat exchanger is communicated with the output end of the throttle valve, the output end corresponding to the input end of the heat exchanger is communicated with the input end of the compressor, and the heat exchanger carries out heat exchange on the organic working medium input by the pressure pump and the organic working medium input by the throttle valve. The organic working medium output from the throttle valve is also divided into two paths, wherein one path enters the air inlet cooler, the other path is used for carrying out heat exchange in the heat exchanger, and the organic working medium output from the pressure pump also enters the heat exchanger.

Preferably, R123 is adopted as the organic working medium.

Preferably, the organic working medium adopts R514A.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the technical scheme, the supercritical organic Rankine cycle is used as the bottom cycle of the gas turbine to be matched with the intercooling regenerative gas turbine to form a combined system, so that the problems of insufficient heat exchange and large fire loss of the intercooler caused by the constant evaporation temperature of the subcritical organic working medium and ammonia water in the subcritical organic Rankine cycle and the Carlina cycle are solved, and the power generation efficiency of the combined system is higher when the supercritical organic Rankine cycle is used as the bottom cycle and is comparable to that of the same-grade gas-steam combined cycle.

2. The supercritical organic Rankine cycle in the technical scheme thoroughly gets rid of the dependence on water and medium, saves a large amount of water resources, and makes the construction of a high-efficiency combined power plant in arid areas feasible.

3. In the technical scheme, the supercritical organic Rankine cycle is further cascaded with the refrigeration cycle, and the refrigeration cycle provides the low-temperature organic working medium to adjust the inlet air temperature of the intercooling regenerative gas turbine and the temperature of the intercooler, so that the air entering the intercooling regenerative gas turbine is always near a design point, the intercooling regenerative gas turbine is always operated in the approximately same external environment, the gas turbine is slightly influenced by the change of the external temperature, and the whole system is ensured to maintain quite stable output and efficiency under the extreme climate condition.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

In the attached drawing, 1-intercooling regenerative gas turbine, 2-flue gas heat exchanger, 3-organic working medium turbine, 4-condenser, 5-booster pump, 6-throttle valve, 7-compressor, 8-heat exchanger, 11-inlet air cooler, 12-intercooler, 13-regenerator.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.