阅读说明：本技术 一种菌菇培养基及其制备方法及应用 (Mushroom culture medium and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 崔晨 孙基永 于 2020-03-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种菌菇培养基及其制备方法及应用,所述菌菇培养基包括以下重量份数的各组分：20～30份的麦皮、1～2份的石灰、0.5～1.5份的白糖和60～100份的作物秸秆发酵物。秸秆发酵物的制备：将作物秸秆进行粉碎,将复合微生物菌剂均匀喷洒于粉碎后的作物秸秆上并搅拌均匀,形成作物秸秆发酵堆；用覆盖物将作物秸秆发酵堆进行掩盖,保留底部缝隙,发酵2～3日。上述培养基是针对菌菇生长的营养需求以及现有培养基的营养缺陷而设计,通过微生物发酵技术充分利用作物秸秆中的氮源,改善了培养基中的空气含量和水分含量,提高营养物质的吸收,提高了菌菇产量,菌菇培养基配方简单,成本低,便于进行推广应用,还为秸秆的回收利用提供一种经济环保的方法。(The invention discloses a mushroom culture medium and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the mushroom culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of wheat bran, 1-2 parts of lime, 0.5-1.5 parts of white sugar and 60-100 parts of crop straw leavening. Preparing a straw fermentation product: crushing crop straws, uniformly spraying the compound microbial inoculum on the crushed crop straws and uniformly stirring to form a crop straw fermentation pile; covering the crop straw fermentation pile by using a covering, reserving gaps at the bottom, and fermenting for 2-3 days. The culture medium is designed aiming at the nutritional requirements of growth of mushrooms and the nutritional defects of the existing culture medium, the nitrogen source in crop straws is fully utilized by the microbial fermentation technology, the air content and the water content in the culture medium are improved, the absorption of nutrient substances is improved, the yield of the mushrooms is improved, the formula of the mushroom culture medium is simple, the cost is low, the popularization and the application are convenient, and an economic and environment-friendly method is provided for recycling the straws.)

1. The mushroom culture medium is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of wheat bran, 1-2 parts of lime, 0.5-1.5 parts of white sugar and 60-100 parts of crop straw leavening;

the preparation method of the crop straw fermentation product comprises the following steps: crushing the dried crop straws, uniformly spraying the compound microbial inoculum on the crushed crop straws and uniformly stirring to form a crop straw fermentation pile; covering the crop straw fermentation pile by using a covering material, and reserving a gap at the bottom; and fermenting for 2-3 days to obtain the crop straw fermented product.

2. The mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of wheat bran, 1-2 parts of lime, 0.5-1.5 parts of white sugar, 60-100 parts of crop straw fermentation product and 1-40 parts of sawdust.

3. The mushroom culture medium according to claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the crop straw fermentation product to the wood chips is 60:40 or 80: 20.

4. The mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the complex microbial inoculant comprises four microorganisms selected from the group consisting of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, saccharomyces carlsbergensis and schizosaccharomyces pombe.

5. The mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the crop straw fermentation heap has a water content of 55-65%.

6. The mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the crop stalks are corn stalks, sugar cane stalks, wheat stalks, soybean stalks or rice straw stalks.

7. A method for preparing mushroom culture medium according to any one of claims 2 to 6, comprising the steps of:

uniformly mixing wheat bran, lime, white sugar, crop straw fermentation products and wood chips in corresponding parts by weight, compressing, subpackaging, and sterilizing at the temperature of 120-200 ℃ for 12-24 hours; then, the culture medium is fermented again to obtain the mushroom culture medium.

8. The method for preparing mushroom culture medium according to claim 7, wherein the conditions for the secondary fermentation are: fermenting at 20-25 deg.C for 24-72 h.

9. The use of mushroom culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the mushroom culture medium is used for cultivating various mushrooms.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mushroom cultivation, in particular to a mushroom culture medium and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The edible fungi of mushrooms not only have delicious taste, but also have high nutritive value, are widely welcomed by people and are cultivated in a large area. Since mushrooms are unable to perform photosynthesis and carbon is not obtained from the air by photosynthesis, cultivation of mushrooms requires obtaining a fibrous carbon source from natural woods, straws, rice bran, fallen leaves, or the like. At present, the conventional fungus cultivation methods include a raw wood cultivation method and a facility cultivation method depending on certain equipment. The log cultivation method is to directly plant mushrooms by taking logs as a culture medium, is convenient to manage, low in facility cost and low in recovery rate, so that the existing facility cultivation method gradually replaces the log cultivation method.

The facility cultivation method is to artificially prepare a certain culture medium, inoculate a strain in the culture medium, and cultivate the strain in a facility with matched equipment. In the prior art, the culture medium adopted by the facility cultivation method takes carbon sources such as wood chips, waste cotton, rice bran, straws and the like as main raw materials, has the defects of poor ventilation and water permeability and low carbon source absorption and utilization rate, is difficult to completely meet the growth requirements of fungi, and has low yield.

Therefore, the prior art has yet to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems that the existing fungus culture medium is poor in ventilation and water-passing performance and a nitrogen source is difficult to meet the growth requirement of fungi, the invention provides the fungus mushroom culture medium which is simple in formula, high in carbon source utilization rate and excellent in ventilation and water-passing performance, and the preparation method and the application thereof.

The invention provides the following technical scheme without solving the problems:

firstly, the invention provides a mushroom culture medium which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of wheat bran, 1-2 parts of lime, 0.5-1.5 parts of white sugar and 60-100 parts of crop straw leavening.

In the culture medium, the crop straws are corn straws or sugarcane straws. Because the corn straws or the sugarcane straws are not only good carbon sources, but also are ventilated and supplied with water, the corn straws or the sugarcane straws can replace wood chips to become main carbon sources of the fungus culture medium, account for 40-97% of the weight of the whole culture medium, and are converted into carbon sources which are easier to absorb after being fermented by microorganisms, so that the utilization rate of the carbon sources is improved, and the growth and the utilization of the fungi are facilitated. More importantly, the fermented crop straws contain a small amount of protein and nitrogen elements of amino nitrogen degraded by microbial fermentation, and the absorbable nitrogen sources can provide nitrogen sources required by fungus growth, so that the defects of the existing culture medium are overcome.

Further, the mushroom culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of wheat bran, 1-2 parts of lime, 0.5-1.5 parts of white sugar, 60-100 parts of crop straw fermentation product and 1-40 parts of sawdust.

On the basis, the mushroom culture medium further comprises an auxiliary nitrogen source, wherein the auxiliary nitrogen source is one or more of amino acid, protein and residue after oil extraction.

The residue after oil extraction is the residue of oil-extracting plant after oil extraction. For example, the oil-extracting plant may be beans, corn, sesame, perilla, etc.

Preferably, the ratio of the crop straw fermentation to the wood chips is 60:40 or 80:20 in parts by weight. The culture medium for the mushrooms prepared under the conditions has higher cultivation value.

In the mushroom culture medium, the preparation method of the crop straw fermentation product comprises the following steps: crushing the dried crop straws into 10-20mm particles; uniformly spraying the compound microbial agent on the crushed crop straws and uniformly stirring to form a crop straw fermentation pile; covering the crop straw fermentation pile by using a covering material, and reserving a gap at the bottom; and fermenting for 2-3 days to obtain the crop straw fermented product.

In the preparation method of the crop straw fermentation product, the compound microbial agent is a bacterial liquid or bacterial powder of mixed microorganisms consisting of bacillus, lactobacillus, saccharomyces carlsbergensis and schizosaccharomyces pombe; the total thallus concentration in the compound microorganism liquid is as follows: 10⁴～10⁵cfu/g, the inoculation amount of the composite microbial liquid inoculated into the straw mixture is 1 (300- & lt600- & gt), and the proportion is a weight ratio. Preferably, the composite microorganism comprises the following bacillus, lactobacillus, saccharomyces carlsbergensis and schizosaccharomyces pombe in percentage by weight:

namely, in the composite microbial liquid, the proportion of bacillus, lactobacillus, saccharomyces carlsbergensis and schizosaccharomyces pombe is as follows: (25-30): (30-34): (21-24): (15-19).

Preferably, the water content of the crop straw fermentation pile is 55-65%.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the mushroom culture medium, which comprises the following steps:

uniformly mixing wheat bran, lime, white sugar, crop straw fermentation products and wood chips in corresponding parts by weight, compressing, subpackaging, and sterilizing at the temperature of 120-200 ℃ for 12-24 hours; then, the culture medium is fermented again to obtain the mushroom culture medium. Sawdust can also be omitted from the raw material as required.

Preferably, in the above method for preparing mushroom culture medium, the conditions for secondary fermentation are: fermenting for 24-72h at 20-25 ℃. The fermentation is to soften lignin tissue, so that the mushroom convenient for cultivation can easily decompose and utilize lignin.

In addition, the invention also provides application of the mushroom culture medium in cultivation of various mushrooms. The mushroom culture medium is suitable for all mushroom culture media needing fiber, and is particularly suitable for cultivating edible mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms, pleurotus eryngii, hericium erinaceus, oyster mushrooms, pleurotus ostreatus and the like.

Preferably, the application method comprises the following steps: inoculating the fungus strains into the fungus culture medium, culturing in a constant-temperature culture room at 20-25 ℃ for 90-120 days, and transferring the fungi to a mushroom cultivation area for large-area cultivation. The mushroom cultivation land is a common mushroom plantation with constant temperature, constant humidity and ventilation.

Has the advantages that: aiming at the nutritional requirements of mushroom growth and the nutritional defects of the existing culture medium, the invention provides a method for supplementing the nitrogen source in the culture medium by fully utilizing the nitrogen source in crop straws through a microbial fermentation technology, improving the air content and the water content in the culture medium, promoting the absorption of strains on the nutrition in the culture medium, and improving the yield of mushroom. In addition, the culture medium provides an economic and environment-friendly method for recycling the straws.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.