Preparation method of decyl oleate
阅读说明：本技术 油酸癸酯的制备方法 (Preparation method of decyl oleate ) 是由 邹小燕 李小蕾 周仁学 易嘉辉 徐楷 区沛明 黄凤尧 林凯文 黄娇 王鹏 于 2020-04-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及化合物的合成的技术领域,针对现有技术中没有油酸癸酯的制备方法的问题,提供了一种油酸癸酯的制备方法,其包括以下步骤：步骤(1),混合油酸与正癸醇,形成预混物；步骤(2),往预混物中加入催化剂,形成混合物；步骤(3),加热混合物至160℃-280℃,反应2-12h,取反应后的混合物,即得油酸癸酯。本发明具有加快反应速率、提高反应的收率以及产物纯度的效果。(The invention relates to the technical field of compound synthesis, and provides a preparation method of decyl oleate aiming at the problem that the prior art does not have a preparation method of decyl oleate, which comprises the following steps: mixing oleic acid and decanol to form a premix; step (2), adding a catalyst into the premix to form a mixture; and (3) heating the mixture to 160-280 ℃, reacting for 2-12h, and taking the reacted mixture to obtain decyl oleate. The method has the effects of accelerating the reaction rate and improving the yield and the purity of the product.)
1. A preparation method of decyl oleate is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
mixing oleic acid and decanol to form a premix;
step (2), adding a catalyst into the premix to form a mixture;
and (3) heating the mixture to 160-280 ℃, reacting for 2-12h, and taking the reacted mixture to obtain decyl oleate.
2. The method of making decyl oleate according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the catalyst is one or two of solid super acid or stannous chloride.
3. The method of making decyl oleate according to claim 2, characterized in that: the solid super acid is SO4 2-/MxOyThe type solid super acid, wherein M is Zr or Ti or Fe.
4. The method of making decyl oleate according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in the step (2), the adding mass of the catalyst is 3-10% of the mass of the premix.
5. The method of making decyl oleate according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in the step (2), 4-bromoxynil is also added into the premix.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein said decyl oleate is selected from the group consisting of: in the step (2), the adding mass of the 4-bromoxynil is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the catalyst.
7. The method of making decyl oleate according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in the step (1), the mass part ratio of the oleic acid to the n-decyl ester is 1.1-2.1: 1.
8. the method of making decyl oleate according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in the step (3), the mixture is heated to 220-260 ℃ and reacts for 2-4 h.
9. The method of making decyl oleate according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein: and (3) filling inert gas or vacuumizing in the reaction process.
10. The method of making decyl oleate according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein: and (3) placing the reacted mixture in a sealed environment and cooling to room temperature to obtain decyl oleate.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compound synthesis, in particular to a preparation method of decyl oleate.
Background
Currently, from a biological point of view, decyl oleate is a skin fat-like substance, is non-irritating, is a yellowish transparent liquid at room temperature, and is miscible with most commonly used fat-like raw materials.
Decyl oleate has good fluidity, strong diffusivity, strong osmosis and high temperature resistance, and is proved to be suitable for the physiological condition of a human body by a large number of toxicity tests and skin tests.
According to the latest research, the decyl oleate is expected to be used for preparing a stabilizer of a new corona vaccine to improve the stability of the new corona vaccine in the storage process, so that the new corona vaccine is less prone to losing activity in the storage process, and the efficacy of the new corona vaccine is less prone to being influenced, therefore, the decyl oleate has great significance for further research of the new corona vaccine.
However, a preparation method of decyl oleate is not found at present, the purity of decyl oleate purchased from the market is difficult to guarantee, and if the purity of decyl oleate cannot reach more than 98%, the effect of improving the stability of the new crown vaccine cannot be achieved, and even the effect of the new crown vaccine may be influenced, so that the preparation method of decyl oleate is of great significance for further research of the new crown vaccine.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of decyl oleate.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a method of making decyl oleate, comprising the steps of:
mixing oleic acid and decanol to form a premix;
step (2), adding a catalyst into the premix to form a mixture;
and (3) heating the mixture to 160-280 ℃, reacting for 2-12h, and taking the reacted mixture to obtain decyl oleate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the reaction temperature and the reaction time are controlled, so that the reaction is favorably promoted to be carried out better, the reaction conversion rate is higher, and meanwhile, the side reaction and the reverse reaction are favorably inhibited better, so that the reaction yield is favorably improved, and the product purity is favorably improved.
In addition, the reaction temperature is controlled, so that the reaction rate is favorably improved, the reaction time is shorter, the production efficiency is favorably improved, and the production cost is favorably saved.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in the step (2), the catalyst is one or two of solid super acid or stannous chloride.
By adopting the technical scheme, the solid super acid or stannous chloride is used as the catalyst, so that the reaction rate is favorably improved, reactants are easily and completely converted into target products, the reaction time is favorably shortened, the production efficiency is favorably improved, and the production cost is favorably saved.
In the present invention, the solid super acid may be SO4 2-/Fe2O3Solid super acid, SO4 2-/TiO2Solid super acid, SO4 2-/ZnO2Solid super acid, WO3/ZnO2Solid super acid, MoO3/ZnO2One or more of solid super acids.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the solid super acid is SO4 2-/MxOyThe type solid super acid, wherein M is Zr or Ti or Fe.
By adopting the technical scheme, SO is adopted4 2-/MxOyThe solid super acid is used as the solid super acid, which is beneficial to better promoting the reaction and improving the reaction rate, thereby being beneficial to better shortening the reaction time, being beneficial to better improving the production efficiency and ensuring that the production cost is lower.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in the step (2), the adding mass of the catalyst is 3-10% of the mass of the premix.
By adopting the technical scheme, the catalyst can better play a catalytic role by controlling the adding quality of the catalyst, so that the reaction rate can be better improved, and the reaction time is shorter; meanwhile, the dosage of the catalyst is not easy to be excessive, which is beneficial to better saving resources; in addition, the method is favorable for inhibiting side reactions and reverse reactions better, so that the yield and the purity of the product are higher.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in the step (2), 4-bromoxynil is also added into the premix.
By adopting the technical scheme, the 4-bromoxynil is added, so that the catalytic action of the catalyst is promoted better, the forward reaction rate of the reaction is higher, the reaction time is shortened better, the production efficiency is improved better, and the production cost is lower.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in the step (2), the adding mass of the 4-bromoxynil is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the catalyst.
By adopting the technical scheme, the catalytic action of the catalyst can be better promoted by controlling the addition amount of the 4-bromoxynil, so that the forward reaction rate of the reaction is higher, the reaction time can be better shortened, the production efficiency is higher, and the production cost can be better reduced; meanwhile, the dosage of the 4-bromoxynil is not easy to be excessive, which is beneficial to better saving resources; in addition, the method is favorable for better reducing side reactions and reverse reactions, so that the yield and the purity of the product are improved.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in the step (1), the mass part ratio of the oleic acid to the n-decyl ester is 1.1-2.1: 1.
by adopting the technical scheme, the method is favorable for better complete reaction of reactants and better improvement of the conversion rate of the reaction by controlling the mass part ratio of the oleic acid and the n-decyl ester, so that the yield of the reaction and the purity of the product are higher.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in the step (3), the mixture is heated to 220-260 ℃ and reacts for 2-4 h.
By adopting the technical scheme, the reaction speed is favorably accelerated better by controlling the reaction temperature, so that the reaction time is shorter, the production efficiency is favorably improved better, and the production cost is reduced.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and (3) filling inert gas or vacuumizing in the reaction process.
By adopting the technical scheme, the reaction system is less prone to oxygen by filling inert gas or vacuumizing in the reaction process, so that the side reaction is favorably reduced, the reaction yield is favorably improved, and the product purity is favorably improved; meanwhile, the water vapor in the reaction system is easier to be discharged out of the reaction system along with the inert gas and the vacuumized airflow, so that the water vapor content in the reaction system is favorably reduced, the reverse reaction is favorably inhibited better, and the yield and the product purity of the reaction are higher.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and (3) placing the reacted mixture in a sealed environment and cooling to room temperature to obtain decyl oleate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the target product is cooled to room temperature in a closed environment, so that the target product is not easily oxidized in the cooling process, the oxidation reaction and the side reaction are favorably reduced, and the purity of the target product is favorably improved.
In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. by controlling the reaction temperature and the reaction time, the method is favorable for better promoting the reaction, so that the conversion rate of the reaction is higher, and simultaneously, the method is favorable for better inhibiting side reaction and reverse reaction, and is favorable for better improving the yield of the reaction and the purity of the product;
2. by controlling the reaction temperature, the reaction rate is favorably improved, the reaction time is shortened, the production efficiency is favorably improved, and the production cost is favorably saved;
3. by adopting solid super acid or stannous chloride as a catalyst, the reaction rate is favorably improved, and reactants are easily and completely converted into target products, so that the reaction time is favorably shortened, the production efficiency is favorably improved, and the production cost is favorably saved;
4. by adding 4-bromoxynil, the catalytic action of the catalyst is promoted better, the forward reaction rate of the reaction is higher, the reaction time is shortened better, the production efficiency is improved better, and the production cost is lower.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of decyl oleate prepared in the present invention1A HNMR map;
FIG. 2 is an IR spectrum of decyl oleate prepared in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.