阅读说明：本技术 用于端粒延长、减少dna损伤和减少uv引起的皮肤衰老的营养保健组合物 (Nutritional and health-care composition for lengthening telomeres, reducing DNA damage and reducing skin aging caused by UV ) 是由 雅各布·罗森施泰因 于 2018-11-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种营养保健组合物,其用于抑制端粒缩短、用于对抗自由基引起的DNA氧化损伤以及用于减少UV引起的皮肤衰老,所述组合物包括将20mcg-20mg虾青素/天与100-5,000IU维生素D/天、1-100mg锌/天、1-500mg烟酰胺/天、1-1,000IU维生素E/天、1mcg-100mg番茄红素/天、1mcg-100mgβ-胡萝卜素/天、1mcg-500mcg硒/天、1mcg-100mg叶黄素/天和1mcg-100mg玉米黄素/天中的至少一种组合成胶囊、片剂、软凝胶、粉剂或液体形式中的至少一种的步骤。(Disclosed is a nutraceutical composition for inhibiting telomere shortening, for combating free radical induced DNA oxidative damage and for reducing UV induced skin aging, said composition comprising the step of combining 20mcg-20mg astaxanthin per day with at least one of 100-5,000IU vitamin D per day, 1-100mg zinc per day, 1-500mg nicotinamide per day, 1-1,000IU vitamin E per day, 1mcg-100mg lycopene per day, 1mcg-100mg β -carotene per day, 1mcg-500mcg selenium per day, 1mcg-100mg lutein per day, and 1mcg-100mg zeaxanthin per day in at least one of capsule, tablet, soft gel, powder or liquid form.)

1. A nutraceutical composition for inhibiting telomere shortening, combating free radical induced DNA oxidative damage and reducing UV induced skin aging, said composition comprising 20mcg-20mg astaxanthin per day in combination with one or more of:

100-5,000IU vitamin D/day,

1-100mg of zinc per day,

1-500mg of nicotinamide per day,

1-1,000IU vitamin E/day,

1mcg-100mg lycopene/day,

1mcg-100mg β -carotene/day,

l mcg-500mcg selenium/day,

1mcg-100mg lutein/day, and

1mcg-100mg zeaxanthin/day.

2. The nutraceutical composition of claim 1, wherein said astaxanthin, vitamin D, zinc, niacinamide, vitamin E, lycopene, β -carotene, selenium, lutein and/or zeaxanthin are in the form of capsules, tablets, soft gels, powders and/or liquids.

3. A method for inhibiting telomere shortening, combating free radical induced DNA oxidative damage and reducing UV induced skin aging, the method comprising combining 20mcg-20mg astaxanthin per day with one or more of:

100-5,000IU vitamin D/day,

1-100mg of zinc per day,

1-500mg of nicotinamide per day,

1-1,000IU vitamin E/day,

1mcg-100mg lycopene/day,

1mcg-100mg β -carotene/day,

l mcg-500mcg selenium/day,

1mcg-100mg lutein/day, and

1mcg-100mg zeaxanthin/day.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the astaxanthin, vitamin D, zinc, niacinamide, vitamin E, lycopene, β -carotene, selenium, lutein and/or zeaxanthin are in the form of capsules, tablets, soft gels, powders and/or liquids.

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to dietary supplements, and more particularly to dietary supplements comprising nutraceuticals for telomere elongation, reducing DNA damage, and reducing UV-induced skin aging.

Background

Currently, there are ten major theories regarding senescence, which may be classified as programmed senescence or nonprogrammable senescence. These include programmed cell death, telomere theory, gene mutation theory, cross-linking theory, free radical theory, stress protein theory, cellular waste or accumulated waste theory, depletion theory, and autoimmune theory.

The term "programmed senescence" can be described, to a large extent, as senescence caused by genetic programming factors. Spence states that since senescence begins at birth and each species appears to have its own life expectancy, a strong argument can be made for some way of programmed senescence. Telomere theory of senescence is one of the major theories leading to the premise of programmed senescence.

Telomere senescence theory focuses on the inability of cells to continuously replicate DNA and ultimately place chromosomes in a dangerous state and prevent further cell replication. This theory is described by Bryan and Reddel as the case where human somatic cells lose a certain number of DNA base pairs (called telomeres) from the end of each chromosome each time cell division occurs. This is due to the fact that: the DNA polymerase that constructs the corresponding DNA strand cannot initiate synthesis of a new strand and must wait for the priming enzyme to function. As a result, the telomeric portion of the chromosome cannot replicate. Although telomeres are "sacrificial" DNA, without any necessary information content, problems still remain. When these telomeres decrease to a critical length, cell division ceases; cellular senescence may continue for some time.

Perhaps the best evidence for this theory is the discovery that cultured normal human and animal cells have limited replication capacity. Fibroblasts from adults can only divide about 20 times in vitro. However, according to Spence, this limit is rarely (if ever) reached in vivo. This limited replication capacity is referred to as the "Hayflick limit".

To some extent, telomerase slows down the process of telomere shortening, the purpose of which is to increase the telomere length of DNA. Telomerase is present in some cells (e.g., germ cells and stem cells) and must divide continuously in order to function. By promoting telomerase activity, it is possible to increase telomere length, thereby extending the period over which cell division may occur. Although this does not immortalize the cells, the life of the cells can be extended.

"nonprogrammable senescence" can be described as senescence due to damage of normal human cells and molecules by the molecules. The main theory that contributes to the premise of unprogrammed senescence is the theory of free radical senescence.

Spence describes free radicals as molecules with unpaired electrons that are formed by normal interactions with oxygen. The free radicals chemically react with other molecules, resulting in oxidative damage. The theory of free radical senescence is described as free radical damage to macromolecules such as lipids, proteins and DNA, which may trigger changes, explaining various non-programmed senescence theories.

In contrast, endogenous (produced by the human body) and exogenous (obtained from food or supplements) antioxidants act as free radical scavengers, preventing and repairing the damage caused by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS), and thus can enhance immune defenses and reduce the risk of degenerative diseases.

An understanding of the above aging theory is of some value and methods for promoting a healthy aging process can be developed. Since aging is most clearly manifested by the physical appearance of skin, i.e., fine lines and wrinkles, and skin density and thickness, a method of healthy aging should include addressing the problem of aging skin appearance.

Currently, there is a lack of practical strategies to address telomere shortening, although there are several studies that suggest that supplementation with the common multivitamins may be of some value for this purpose. Instead, there are many antioxidants available in supplemental form to help reduce and combat oxidative damage caused by free radicals. In addition, there are topical sunscreen products that help reduce UV-induced skin aging. However, there are limitations associated with the use of common multivitamins, antioxidants, and topical sunscreens, some of which are discussed below:

multiple vitamins: in a cross-sectional analysis of data from 586 participants (aged 35-74 years) disclosed in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009; 89(6):1857-63), the use of common multivitamins and nutrient intake was assessed using a 146-item food frequency questionnaire and the relative telomere length of leukocyte DNA was measured. As a result, multivitamin use is associated with longer telomeres, adjusted for age and other potential confounders. The relative telomere length of leukocyte DNA was prolonged by an average of 5.1% in daily multivitamin users compared to non-users (trend P ═ 0.002). Although not without value, the limitations of this study are that the efficacy of the various vitamins used is relatively low and that the study does not address the problem of DNA damage due to oxidation.

In addition, it has been shown that certain antioxidants provide certain benefits in the prevention and treatment of disease, such as α lipoic acid sensitivity to insulin in diabetes.

Sunscreen agents: while topical application of sunscreens does help to reduce UV-induced skin aging, it has been noted that its efficacy is also limited due to inadequate application to the skin or removal by perspiration.

In view of the above limitations of the common multivitamins, antioxidants and topical sunscreens, we have sought to develop a more effective approach to (1) address telomere shortening, (2) combat free radical-induced oxidative damage to DNA, and (3) reduce UV-induced skin aging.

Disclosure of Invention

The composition preferably comprises a combination of 20mcg-20mg astaxanthin per day with one of 100-5,000IU vitamin D per day, 1-100mg zinc per day, 1-500mg nicotinamide per day, 1-1,000IU vitamin E per day, 1mcg-100mg lycopene per day, 1mcg-100mg β -carotene per day, 1mcg-500mcg selenium per day, 1mcg-100mg lutein per day, and 1mcg-100mg zeaxanthin per day.

In another embodiment of the invention, 20mcg-20mg astaxanthin per day is combined into at least one of a capsule, tablet, soft gel, powder or liquid form.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

Detailed Description

The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and is provided in the context of a particular application and its requirements. Various modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein. Additionally, as used herein, the term "substantially" should be interpreted as an approximate term. Further, where ranges are given, they are intended to include all ranges within the narrower scope of any given range.

Such compositions include astaxanthin in combination with one or more of vitamin D, zinc, niacinamide, antioxidants (vitamin E, lycopene, β -carotene in combination with selenium) and carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin in combination), by any suitable method or process, as discussed in further detail below.

Astaxanthin has been shown in vitro studies to improve mitochondrial function and to have a good protective effect on human fibroblasts. In this way, it can protect skin cells from free radicals and retain the collagen layer, resulting in a smooth and youthful appearance of the skin. In the combination of the following ingredients, the amount of astaxanthin is preferably from 20mcg to 20 mg/day, although the range may vary; for example, the range may be 50mcg-15 mg/day, 100mcg-10 mg/day, 500mcg-5 mg/day, or 1mg-3 mg/day. It is contemplated that the astaxanthin may be in the form of capsules, tablets, soft gels, powders or liquids.

In a preferred embodiment, the above amount of astaxanthin may be combined with 100-.

In an alternative preferred embodiment, the above amount of astaxanthin may be combined with 1-100mg zinc per day in the form of capsules, tablets, soft gels, powders or liquids to help solve the problem of telomere shortening, to help combat free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA, and to help reduce UV induced skin aging. A possible mechanism for the action of zinc was discovered in an in vitro study of rat cell lines, where low intracellular zinc levels due to nutritional deficiencies induced oxidative DNA damage and disrupted p53, NF-. kappa.B and AP-1DNA binding, which in turn affected DNA repair. It is contemplated that the range of zinc can vary; for example, the range can be 5-80mg zinc/day, 10-70mg zinc/day, 20-60mg zinc/day, or 30-50mg zinc/day.

In another alternative preferred embodiment, the above amount of astaxanthin may be combined with 1-500mg nicotinamide/day in the form of a capsule, tablet, soft gel, powder or liquid to help solve the problem of telomere shortening, help combat free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA, and help reduce UV induced skin aging. Nicotinamide is a direct metabolic nutritional precursor formed by cellular Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD), which is essential for energy production and is also a co-substrate for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) involved in DNA repair. It is contemplated that the range of niacinamide may vary; for example, the range can be 10-400mg nicotinamide/day, 20-300mg nicotinamide/day, 30-200mg nicotinamide/day, or 50-100mg nicotinamide/day.

In yet another alternative preferred embodiment, the above amount of astaxanthin may be combined with 1-1,000IU vitamin E per day in the form of capsules, tablets, soft gels, powders or liquids to help solve the problem of telomere shortening, help combat free radical induced DNA oxidative damage, and help reduce UV induced skin aging. Vitamin E is a chain-breaking antioxidant that prevents the formation of free radicals. The therapeutic benefit of vitamin E is primarily due to its antioxidant effect. It is contemplated that the range of vitamin E may vary; for example, the range may be 25-900IU vitamin E/day, 100-750IU vitamin E/day, 200-500IU vitamin E/day, or 300-400IU vitamin E/day.

In yet another alternative preferred embodiment, the above amount of astaxanthin may be combined with 1mcg-100mg lycopene per day in the form of capsules, tablets, soft gels, powders or liquids to help solve the problem of telomere shortening, help combat free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA, and help reduce UV induced skin aging. Lycopene has the most potent antioxidant activity of any common carotenoid, has high lipophilicity and is usually present in cell membranes. It scavenges free radicals and quenches singlet oxygen, thereby preventing oxidative damage to DNA. It is contemplated that the range of lycopene may vary; for example, the range may be 10mcg-90mg lycopene/day, 20mcg-80mg lycopene/day, 30mcg-70mg lycopene/day, or 40mcg-60mg lycopene/day.

In yet another alternative preferred embodiment, the above amount of astaxanthin may be combined with 1mcg-100mg β -carotene per day in the form of a capsule, tablet, soft gel, powder, or liquid to help solve the problem of telomere shortening, help combat oxidative damage to DNA by free radicals, and help reduce UV-induced skin aging β -carotene has antioxidant activity and may prevent lipid peroxidation serum β -carotene level appears to be inversely proportional to C-reactive protein level and white blood cell count (inflammatory marker). it is contemplated that the range of β -carotene may vary, for example, the range may be 10mcg-50mg β -carotene per day, 100mcg-25mg β -carotene per day, 1mg-10mg β -carotene per day, or 2mg-5mg β -carotene per day.

In yet another alternative preferred embodiment, the above amount of astaxanthin may be combined with 1-500 mcg selenium/day in the form of capsules, tablets, soft gels, powders or liquids to help solve the problem of telomere shortening, help combat free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA, and help reduce UV induced skin aging. As selenocysteine, selenium is incorporated into various selenoproteins (selenium-dependent antioxidant enzymes). These selenoproteins are responsible for the biological function of selenium. These selenoproteins can protect against damage by free radicals and other harmful reactive oxygen species and help to convert vitamin E and vitamin C from their oxidized form back to their non-oxidized/antioxidant form. Selenium also acts with copper and zinc to produce the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase, and with iron to produce catalase. It is contemplated that the range of selenium may vary; for example, the range may be 10-400 mcg selenium/day, 20-300 mcg selenium/day, 30-200 mcg selenium/day, or 50-100 mcg selenium/day.

In yet another alternative preferred embodiment, the above amount of astaxanthin may be combined with 1mcg-100mg lutein per day in the form of capsules, tablets, soft gels, powders or liquids to help solve the problem of telomere shortening, help combat free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA, and help reduce UV induced skin aging. Lutein is a macular pigment which helps to ameliorate the damage of light and oxygen and prevent the age-related degeneration of eye cells and tissues. It also inhibits activation of NF-. kappa.B, and subsequently inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators. It is contemplated that the range of xanthophylls may vary; for example, the range may be 10mcg-50mg lutein/day, 50mcg-10mg lutein/day, 100mcg-5mg lutein/day, or 1mg-3mg lutein/day.

In yet another alternative preferred embodiment, the above amount of astaxanthin may be combined with 1mcg-100mg zeaxanthin per day in the form of capsules, tablets, soft gels, powders or liquids to help solve the problem of telomere shortening, help combat free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA, and help reduce UV induced skin aging. Like lutein, zeaxanthin is a macular pigment that helps ameliorate light and oxygen damage and prevent age-related eye cell and tissue degradation. It also inhibits activation of NF-. kappa.B, and subsequently inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators. It is contemplated that the range of zeaxanthin may vary; for example, the range may be 10mcg-50mg zeaxanthin per day, 50mcg-25mg zeaxanthin per day, 100mcg-10mg zeaxanthin per day, or 1mg-5mg zeaxanthin per day.

It is understood that the present invention can take many forms and embodiments. Accordingly, many modifications may be made to the foregoing without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

Having thus described the present invention by reference to certain of its preferred embodiments, it is noted that the embodiments disclosed are illustrative rather than limiting in nature and that a wide range of variations, modifications, changes, and substitutions are contemplated in the foregoing disclosure and, in some instances, some features of the present invention may be employed without a corresponding use of the other features. Many such variations and modifications may be considered obvious and desirable by those skilled in the art based upon a review of the foregoing description of preferred embodiments. Accordingly, the claims are to be construed broadly and appropriately interpreted in a manner consistent with the scope of the invention.