阅读说明：本技术 一种贵金属催化制备高能量密度航天燃料的方法 (Method for preparing high-energy-density space fuel through noble metal catalysis ) 是由 李学兵 陈松 范芮堃 李广慈 陈磊 任晓东 于 2020-04-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种贵金属催化制备高能量密度航天燃料的方法,该方法包括：采用铂或/和钯的贵金属分子筛催化剂将由高温煤焦油处理得到的高密度煤基烃原料在100～300℃,氢压4～20MPa的加氢条件下,合成质量热值不低于42MJ/kg,体积热值不低于40MJ/m<Sup>3</Sup>的高能量密度的航天燃料。该发明合成的航天燃料密度较高,热值较高,且和已有的航天燃料相比合成原料廉价易得,合成方式比较简单易普及。(The invention discloses a method for preparing high-energy-density space fuel by noble metal catalysis, which comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that a precious metal molecular sieve catalyst of platinum or/and palladium is adopted to synthesize a high-density coal-based hydrocarbon raw material obtained by processing high-temperature coal tar under the hydrogenation condition of 100-300 ℃ and 4-20 MPa of hydrogen pressure, wherein the mass heat value is not lower than 42MJ/kg, and the volume heat value is not lower than 40MJ/m 3 High energy density aerospace fuels. The space fuel synthesized by the method has higher density and higher heat value, and compared with the existing space fuel, the space fuel has the advantages of cheap and easily-obtained synthetic raw materials, simpler synthetic mode and easy popularization.)

1. A method for preparing high-energy-density space fuel through noble metal catalysis is characterized in that high-density coal-based hydrocarbon raw materials are subjected to hydrotreating at the temperature of 100-300 ℃ in the presence of a molecular sieve hydrogenation catalyst taking noble metals as active components.

2. The high energy fuel of claim 1, wherein the mass heat value is not less than 42MJ/kg, and the volumetric heat value is not less than 40 MJ/L.

3. The high-density coal-based hydrocarbon feedstock as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the coal-based pyrolysis oil is subjected to hydrogenation pretreatment and has a density of not less than 0.9 g/ml.

4. The coal-based hydrocarbon feedstock as set forth in claim 1 and the feedstock of hydrotreated coal-based oil as set forth in claim 3, which are derived from high-temperature coal tar obtained by pyrolysis and dry distillation of coal at a temperature of not less than 1100 ℃ and are characterized by a density of not less than 1.08 g/ml.

5. The noble metal molecular sieve catalyst of claim 1, characterized by comprising platinum or/and palladium and having the diffraction characteristic peaks of X-ray diffraction spectra of one or more zeolite molecular sieves of Y, BETA, ZSM, and mordenite.

6. Hydrogenation conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrogen pressure is 4 to 20MPa, preferably 4 to 12 MPa.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for preparing high-energy-density space fuel by noble metal catalysis, and relates to the field of space fuel.

Background

The space fuel is artificially synthesized liquid hydrocarbon applied to rocket engines and rocket-ram combined power engines. Compared with petroleum refined fuel, the high-density fuel has the advantages that the density is greatly improved on the premise that the mass heat value is basically equivalent, and therefore, the high-density fuel has a high volume heat value. Under the condition of a certain volume of the oil tank, more propelling power can be provided by using high-density fuel, and the effective load is obviously increased.

The aviation kerosene mainly comprises paraffin, and the density is about 0.78 g/ml; the rocket kerosene contains a certain amount of cyclane, and the density is increased to about 0.83 g/ml. As can be seen from the molecular structure of hydrocarbons, in order to obtain higher densities, the synthesis of hydrocarbons having a polycyclic structure is required. High-density fuels have been extensively studied in various countries around the world, and currently developed high-density fuels include RJ-4, RJ-5, RJ-7, JP-5, JP-8, JP-10, etc. developed in the United states, T-10 developed in Russia, and HD-01 synthesized in China, etc. Among them, RJ-5, RJ-7 and JP-10 basically meet the use requirements, but the components of the current synthetic space fuel are relatively complex, the synthesis is difficult and the cost is relatively high.

The high-temperature coal tar has wide sources and low cost. Wherein, the mass fraction of the compounds which is more than or equal to 1.0 percent comprises more than 10 kinds, namely naphthalene (10.0 percent), phenanthrene (5.0 percent), fluoranthene (3.3 percent), pyrene (2.1 percent), acenaphthylene (2.0 percent), fluorene (2.0 percent), anthracene (1.5 percent), 2-methylnaphthalene (1.5 percent), carbazole (1.5 percent), indene (1.0 percent), dibenzofuran (1.0 percent) and the like, and saturated naphthenic hydrocarbons with higher density can be obtained after hydrogenation pretreatment, and can be used for synthesizing high-density space fuel.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the difficulties and high cost of synthesis of currently commonly used aerospace fuels, the present invention aims to synthesize high energy density aerospace fuels using relatively inexpensive coal-based hydrocarbon feedstocks.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is a noble metal catalyst hydrocatalysis method, which comprises the following steps:

a method for preparing high-energy-density space fuel through noble metal catalysis is characterized in that high-density coal-based hydrocarbon raw materials are subjected to hydrotreating at the temperature of 100-300 ℃ in the presence of a molecular sieve hydrogenation catalyst taking noble metals as active components.

The high-energy fuel is characterized in that the mass heat value is not lower than 42MJ/kg, and the volume heat value is not lower than 40 MJ/L.

The high-density coal-based hydrocarbon raw material is characterized by being coal-based pyrolysis oil which is subjected to hydrogenation pretreatment and has the density of not less than 0.9 g/ml.

The coal-based hydrocarbon raw material and the raw material of the hydrogenation pretreatment coal-based oil are derived from high-temperature coal tar obtained by coal pyrolysis and dry distillation at the temperature of not less than 1100 ℃, and are characterized by having the density of not less than 1.08 g/ml.

The noble metal molecular sieve catalyst is characterized by containing platinum or/and palladium and having diffraction characteristic peaks of X-ray diffraction spectra of one or more zeolite molecular sieves of Y, BETA, ZSM and mercerization.

The hydrogenation conditions are characterized by a pressure of 4 to 20MPa, preferably 4 to 12 MPa. The method has the advantages of simple synthesis mode, high utilization rate of raw materials, easy popularization of equipment, simple operation, environment-friendly whole process and no generation of waste water and waste residue.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further explained with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.