阅读说明：本技术 一种提高体内异物体表定位效率的方法 (Method for improving body surface positioning efficiency of foreign bodies in vivo ) 是由 赵瑞 田种泽 张超 于 2020-04-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种提高体内异物体表定位效率的方法,该方法包括以下步骤：⑴制作定位盘；⑵将患者置于诊断床,透视或拍片体内异物,保存图像为A；⑶降低或抬高X线球管,再次透视或拍片体内异物,并保存图像为B；⑷选择A或B图像中的任一图像,测量图像内点状异物与过图像中心点X轴夹角；⑸分别测量A和B两图像体内异物与图像中心点的距离；⑹计算体内异物与影像中心的水平距离；⑺将定位盘置于诊断床两侧,打开X线诊断机灯光野灯；⑻调整定位盘,打开标尺滑块上的激光指示灯；⑼分别拨动和滑动角度指针及标尺滑块,使角度指针、标尺滑块停止在所需位置；⑽根据激光指示灯指示,用记号笔于患者皮肤做标记。本发明操作简单、方便,定位效率高。(A method for improving the locating efficiency of body surface of foreign body in human body includes such steps as making locating disk at ⑴, putting patient in diagnosis bed at ⑵, observing or shooting the foreign body in human body, saving image A, lowering or raising X-ray tube at ⑶, observing or shooting the foreign body in human body again, saving image B, selecting ⑷, measuring the included angle between the point foreign body in image and image center at X-axis, measuring the distance between the foreign body in image A and image center at ⑸, calculating the horizontal distance between the foreign body and image center at ⑹, putting locating disk at both sides of diagnosis bed at ⑺, turning on the light field lamp of X-ray diagnosis machine, regulating locating disk at ⑻, turning on the laser indicator lamp on slide block, shifting and sliding angle indicator and slide block at ⑼, stopping angle indicator and slide block at needed position, and marking on the skin of patient with marker pen at ⑽.)

1. A method for improving the body surface positioning efficiency of a foreign body in a body comprises the following steps:

⑴ manufacturing a positioning disc:

the two supporting legs (1) with the clamping grooves at the bottom ends are respectively fixed at the positions of 0 degree and 180 degrees in the angle scale (2); the angle pointer (3) is arranged at the center of the angle scale (2) through a rotating shaft (4); the scale sliding block (5) is arranged on the angle pointer (3); the laser indicator lamp (6) is arranged on the scale sliding block (5), and the positioning disc is obtained;

⑵ placing the patient on a diagnostic bed, making fluoroscopy or photography of the foreign body in the body, recording the distance between the fluoroscopy or photography sources when the foreign body in the body deviates from the center of the image, recording the distance as D1, and storing the image as A, adjusting the position of the patient when the foreign body in the body is at the center of the image, making the patient leave the center of the image, making fluoroscopy or photography and recording the distance between the fluoroscopy or photography sources, also recording the distance as D1, and also storing the image as A;

⑶ lowering or raising X-ray tube, penetrating or shooting foreign body again, recording the distance between penetrating or shooting sources as D2, and storing the image as B;

⑷ selecting either the A or B images, measuring the included angle between the point-like foreign matter in the image and the X-axis passing through the center point of the image, and recording as β;

⑸ measuring distances between the foreign object in the A and B images and the central point of the images, respectively, and respectively recording the distances as L1, L2;

⑹ the horizontal distance L3 between the foreign body in the body and the center of the image is calculated according to the following formula:

L3= L1×L2×(D2-D1)÷(L1D2-L2D1)

⑺ the positioning plates are arranged on the two sides of the diagnostic bed through the clamping grooves of the supporting legs (1), and the light field lamps of the X-ray diagnostic machine are turned on;

⑻ adjusting the positioning disc back and forth along the edge of the diagnostic bed to make the center indicator mark point of the rotating shaft (4) of the positioning disc coincide with the projection center of the light field lamp of the X-ray diagnostic machine and turn on the laser indicator lamp (6) on the scale slide block (5);

⑼, the angle pointer (3) and the scale slide block (5) are respectively shifted and slid, the angle pointer (3) stops at the angle displayed by β on the positioning disc, and the scale slide block (5) stops at the scale displayed by L3;

⑽ marking the skin of the patient with a marker pen according to the indication of the laser indicator lamp (6).

2. The method for improving the body surface positioning efficiency of the in vivo foreign body according to claim 1, wherein the angle scale (2), the angle pointer (3) and the scale slider (5) in the step ⑴ are made of transparent materials.

3. The method for improving the body surface positioning efficiency of the foreign body in the body according to claim 1, wherein the step ⑴ is characterized in that 360-degree scales are engraved on the edge of the angle scale (2).

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the angle indicator (3) in step ⑴ is a strip, and a symmetrical groove is formed in the middle of the strip, wherein the groove is parallel to the two long edges of the angle indicator, and the two parallel long edges of the groove are respectively marked with scale marks.

5. The method for improving the body surface positioning efficiency of the in vivo foreign body according to claim 1, wherein a round hole is formed in the center of the ruler slide block (5) in the step ⑴, the laser indicator lamp (6) is vertically placed in the round hole, two scales perpendicular to the long side are respectively arranged on two sides of the round hole close to the long side of the ruler slide block (5), and the two scales are connected through the center of the round hole.

6. The method for improving the body surface locating efficiency of the foreign body in the body according to claim 1, wherein the center of the rotating shaft (4) in the step ⑴ is provided with a center indicator.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a body surface positioning method for in-vivo foreign bodies, in particular to a method for improving the body surface positioning efficiency of in-vivo foreign bodies.

Background

In wartime or in ordinary times, metal foreign bodies usually invade the human body, and particularly for point-shaped metal foreign bodies, medical staff usually take out the metal foreign bodies in a surgical incision mode due to small volume, deep position and distortion of an incident channel. The key point for taking out the foreign body in the body lies in whether the body surface positioning is accurate, which not only relates to whether the foreign body can be successfully taken out, but also relates to the operation range, the wound size and the postoperative recovery quality of the wounded.

The body surface of the foreign body in the body is positioned by using a common X-ray diagnostic machine, and the body surface position is usually obtained by adopting an external label. Because the beams of the common X-ray diagnostic machine are distributed in a cone shape, the X-ray is only vertical to the horizontal plane of the skin at the central point of the beams, except that the foreign body in the body is just positioned at the central point of the cone-shaped beams, the accurate projection position of the body surface can be obtained by a method of sticking marks outside the body surface, the accurate projection position of the body surface can not be obtained at other positions by a method of sticking marks outside the body surface, and the farther the foreign body in the body is from the skin is inaccurate. The patient position needs to be adjusted repeatedly this moment for accurate body surface location to make internal foreign matter coincide with cone beam central line, and still need the upset patient with shoot the side position image if need acquire the foreign matter degree of depth, this kind of method is wasted time and energy, and is inefficient, and patient or staff need suffer more dose radiation. Therefore, a positioning method of two pieces of metal nets perpendicular to each other is adopted, and although the positioning efficiency of the foreign bodies in the body is improved in a certain procedure, the positioning result is still unsatisfactory due to the inherent characteristics of the cone beam.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for improving the body surface positioning efficiency of the foreign body in the body, which is simple to operate and high in accuracy.

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for improving the body surface positioning efficiency of a foreign body in a body, which comprises the following steps:

⑴ manufacturing a positioning disc:

fixing the two supporting legs with the clamping grooves at the bottom ends at the positions of 0 degree and 180 degrees in the angle scale respectively; the angle pointer is arranged at the center of the angle scale through a rotating shaft; the scale sliding block is arranged on the angle pointer; the laser indicator light is arranged on the scale sliding block, and the positioning disc is obtained;

⑵ placing the patient on a diagnostic bed, making fluoroscopy or photography of the foreign body in the body, recording the distance between the fluoroscopy or photography sources when the foreign body in the body deviates from the center of the image, recording the distance as D1, and storing the image as A, adjusting the position of the patient when the foreign body in the body is at the center of the image, making the patient leave the center of the image, making fluoroscopy or photography and recording the distance between the fluoroscopy or photography sources, also recording the distance as D1, and also storing the image as A;

⑶ lowering or raising X-ray tube, penetrating or shooting foreign body again, recording the distance between penetrating or shooting sources as D2, and storing the image as B;

⑷ selecting either the A or B images, measuring the included angle between the point-like foreign matter in the image and the X-axis passing through the center point of the image, and recording as β;

⑸ measuring distances between the foreign object in the A and B images and the central point of the images, respectively, and respectively recording the distances as L1, L2;

⑹ the horizontal distance L3 between the foreign body in the body and the center of the image is calculated according to the following formula:

L3= L1×L2×(D2-D1)÷(L1D2-L2D1)

⑺ placing the positioning plates on both sides of the diagnostic bed through the clamping grooves of the supporting legs, and turning on the light field lamps of the X-ray diagnostic machine;

⑻ adjusting the positioning disc back and forth along the edge of the diagnostic bed to make the rotation axis center indicator point of the positioning disc coincide with the projection center of the light field lamp of the X-ray diagnostic machine, and turning on the laser indicator lamp on the scale slide block;

⑼ sliding the angle indicator and the scale slide block respectively to stop the angle indicator at the angle β on the positioning plate and stop the scale slide block at the scale mark of L3 scale;

⑽ marking the skin of the patient with a marker pen according to the indication of the laser indicator light.

The angle scale, the angle pointer and the scale slide block in the step ⑴ are all made of transparent materials.

In step ⑴, the edge of the angle scale is marked with a 360 degree scale.

In the step ⑴, the angle pointer is a long strip, a groove which is parallel to and symmetrical with the two long edges of the angle pointer is arranged in the middle of the angle pointer, and the two parallel long edges of the groove are respectively engraved with scale marks.

A round hole is formed in the center of the scale sliding block in the step ⑴, the laser indicator lamp is vertically placed in the round hole, scale marks perpendicular to the long side are respectively arranged on two sides, close to the long side of the scale sliding block, of the round hole, and the connecting line of the two scale marks passes through the center of the round hole.

The center of the rotating shaft in the step ⑴ is provided with a center indicator.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the bottom ends of the two supporting legs are provided with clamping grooves which can be used for being fixed on a diagnostic bed.

2. The angle pointer is in a strip shape and is arranged at the center of the angle scale through the rotating shaft, a groove which is parallel to and symmetrical to the two long edges of the angle pointer is arranged in the middle of the angle scale, and the two parallel long edges of the groove are respectively carved with scale scales which can be used for indicating the distance from the center of the rotating shaft.

3. The invention can also obtain the depth of the foreign body in the body from the body surface by measuring the distance from the skin mark to the image plate (or the image intensifier) which the ordinary X-ray diagnostic machine belongs to, recording as D3, and further calculating by a formula D3-D1 × (1-L3/L1), therefore, the side film does not need to be shot for obtaining the depth of the foreign body in the body from the body surface, meanwhile, in the positioning process, the body position of the patient does not need to be adjusted repeatedly, the perspective time or the shooting times are greatly reduced, and the X-ray radiation dose of the patient or the staff is reduced.

4. The invention marks the position of the foreign object meter in the body by shifting and sliding the angle pointer and the scale sliding block, thereby achieving the purpose of high positioning accuracy.

5. The invention has simple and convenient operation and high positioning efficiency.

Drawings

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-supporting foot 2-angle scale 3-angle pointer 4-rotation axis 5-scale slider 6-laser pilot lamp.

Detailed Description

A method for improving the body surface positioning efficiency of a foreign body in a body comprises the following steps:

⑴ As shown in FIG. 1, a puck is made:

the two supporting legs 1 with the clamping grooves at the bottom ends are respectively fixed at the positions of 0 degree and 180 degrees in the angle scale 2; the angle pointer 3 is arranged at the center of the angle scale 2 through a rotating shaft 4; the scale sliding block 5 is arranged on the angle pointer 3; and the laser indicator lamp 6 is arranged on the scale slide block 5, and the positioning disk is obtained.

Wherein:

the angle scale 2, the angle pointer 3 and the scale sliding block 5 are all made of transparent materials.

The edge of the angle scale 2 is marked with 360-degree scales.

The angle pointer 3 is a strip, a groove which is parallel to and symmetrical with the two long edges of the angle pointer is arranged in the middle of the angle pointer, and the two parallel long edges of the groove are respectively carved with scale scales.

A round hole is arranged at the center of the scale sliding block 5, and a laser indicator lamp 6 is vertically arranged in the round hole; two sides of the long edge of the round hole near-scale sliding block 5 are respectively provided with a scale mark vertical to the long edge, and the line of the two scale marks passes through the center of the round hole.

The center of the rotating shaft 4 is provided with a center indicator.

⑵ placing the patient on a diagnostic bed, fluoroscopy or filming the foreign body, recording the distance of the fluoroscopy or filming source as D1 and saving the image as A if the foreign body is off the center of the image, adjusting the position of the patient to be away from the center of the image if the foreign body is in the center of the image, fluoroscopy or filming and recording the distance of the fluoroscopy or filming source as D1 and saving the image as A.

⑶ lowering or raising the X-ray tube, re-fluoroscopy or filming of foreign objects in the body, recording the fluoroscopy or filming source distance, denoted D2, and saving the image as B.

⑷ either image A or B is selected and the angle between a point-like foreign object in the image and the X-axis passing through the center point of the image is measured and designated β.

⑸ measure the distance between the foreign object in the body of the images A and B and the center point of the images, and are respectively designated L1, L2.

⑹ the horizontal distance L3 between the foreign body in the body and the center of the image is calculated according to the following formula:

L3= L1×L2×(D2-D1)÷(L1D2-L2D1)

⑺ the positioning plate is placed on the two sides of the diagnostic bed by the clamping groove of the supporting leg 1, and the light field lamp of the X-ray diagnostic machine is turned on.

⑻ the positioning plate is adjusted back and forth along the edge of the diagnostic bed to make the center indication mark point of the rotating shaft 4 of the positioning plate coincide with the projection center of the light field lamp of the X-ray diagnostic machine, and the laser indicator lamp 6 on the scale slide block 5 is turned on.

⑼ the angle indicator 3 and the scale slide 5 are respectively moved and slid to stop the angle indicator 3 at the angle displayed on the positioning plate β and stop the scale slide 5 at the scale displayed on the L3 scale.

⑽ the marking is made on the skin of the patient with a marker pen according to the indication of the laser indicator lamp 6.

When the invention is applied, the distance between the skin mark and the image plate (or the image intensifier) of the ordinary X-ray diagnostic machine can be measured and recorded as D3, and the depth of the foreign body in the body from the body surface can be obtained by calculation according to a formula D3-D1 × (1-L3/L1).