阅读说明：本技术 分离太阳电池组件玻璃的方法 (Method for separating solar cell module glass ) 是由 赖伟东 董国义 吴翠姑 麻超 李新娟 宋登元 于 2020-05-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种分离太阳电池组件玻璃的方法。该方法包括如下步骤：首先对刮刀刀刃进行预热,之后由传动机构带动太阳电池组件向前运行设定距离；接着使刮刀刀刃从太阳电池组件下方以斜向上方式切入太阳电池组件中,并使刮刀刀刃接触玻璃下表面；之后使太阳电池组件继续运动,由刮刀刀刃将黏附在玻璃上的胶膜以及与胶膜粘结在一起的下层组件一起刮削掉。刮削之前,可由激光扫描机构扫描太阳电池组件,以降低玻璃下表面的胶膜黏附力。通过本发明可以实现太阳电池组件尤其是晶硅组件中完整玻璃的高效分离,且玻璃表面残胶率很低。(The invention provides a method for separating solar cell module glass. The method comprises the following steps: preheating the blade of a scraper, and driving a solar cell module to move forward by a set distance by a transmission mechanism; then, cutting the edge of the scraper into the solar cell module in an obliquely upward manner from the lower part of the solar cell module, and enabling the edge of the scraper to be in contact with the lower surface of the glass; and then the solar cell module continues to move, and the adhesive film adhered to the glass and the lower layer module adhered to the adhesive film are scraped off together by the scraper blade. Before scraping, the solar cell module can be scanned by a laser scanning mechanism so as to reduce the adhesive force of the adhesive film on the lower surface of the glass. The invention can realize the high-efficiency separation of the complete glass in the solar cell module, in particular to the crystalline silicon module, and the residual glue rate on the surface of the glass is very low.)

1. A method for separating solar cell module glass is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a. preheating the blade of the scraper, and controlling the temperature of the blade of the scraper to be between 180 ℃ and 350 ℃; 2-5 pressure sensors are uniformly distributed on the blade;

b. the solar cell module is arranged on the transmission mechanism and comprises upper-layer glass and a lower-layer module connected with the upper-layer glass through a glue film;

c. the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to move forward for a preset distance and then stops, and at the moment, the scraper is positioned below the solar cell module;

d. under the control of the control mechanism, the pitching angle adjusting mechanism adjusts the pitching angle of the blade of the scraper within 0-10 degrees, so that the blade rotates upwards, and the blade sequentially cuts through the lower-layer assembly and the adhesive film until the blade is contacted with the lower surface of the glass in the process of rotating upwards; the pressure sensor transmits a pressure signal sensed by the cutting edge to the control mechanism in real time, and when the cutting edge is contacted with the lower surface of the glass, the control mechanism enables the cutting edge to stop rotating through the pitching angle adjusting mechanism;

e. the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to move forwards continuously, and along with the movement of the solar cell module, the scraper blade scrapes off the adhesive film adhered to the glass and the lower layer module adhered to the adhesive film together;

f. after the glue film and the lower layer assembly at the rear end of the solar cell assembly are scraped, the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell assembly to move reversely, and the scraper blade rotates 180 degrees or uses the other end blade of the double-blade reverse structure scraper to ensure that the scraper blade is in contact with the lower surface of the glass.

2. The method for separating a solar cell module glass as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solar cell module is subjected to scanning heating of laser radiation by a laser scanning mechanism disposed above the solar cell module before the doctor blade scrapes the adhesive film, the laser scanning mechanism being capable of emitting laser light having a wavelength ranging from 0.6 μm to 12 μm and a power ranging from 5W to 200W.

3. The method for separating a solar cell module glass according to claim 2, wherein the laser scanning mechanism emits a laser having a wavelength of 1.064 μm and a power of 50W to irradiate the solar cell module.

4. The method for separating the glass of the solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the preheating of the blade edge of the scraper in the step a is performed by means of heat transfer oil, resistance wires or radio frequency heating.

5. The method for separating a solar cell module glass as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the steps e and f, the lower module adhered with the adhesive film scraped by the scraper edge is clamped by the clamping mechanism along with the movement of the solar cell module and is driven by the clamping mechanism to move in a direction opposite to the movement of the solar cell module.

6. The method for separating the glass of the solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein in the steps e and f, when the blade edge of the scraper is operated, a blowing mechanism arranged on one side of the blade edge is used for conveying hot air to the interface between the glass peeled off by the blade edge of the scraper and the adhesive film, and the temperature of the hot air is adjustable between 200 ℃ and 500 ℃.

7. The method for separating a solar cell module glass as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solar cell module is a crystalline silicon solar cell module.

8. The method for separating a glass for a solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein in the step f, the separated whole glass is sucked by a vacuum chuck and transferred to a setting shelf.

9. The method for separating solar cell module glass as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solar cell module is assisted by the boosting mechanism during the movement of the solar cell module by the driving mechanism.

10. The method for separating a solar cell module glass according to claim 1, wherein in the step a, the thickness of the blade edge is less than 1mm, the chamfer angle of the blade edge is 30-70 degrees, and the length of the blade edge is 10-30cm longer than the length of the end face of the solar cell module.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of solar cell recovery, in particular to a method for separating solar cell module glass.

Background

The market of photovoltaic power generation is rapidly developed, so that after the service life, photovoltaic modules, especially crystalline silicon battery modules and components (silicon, copper, aluminum, silver, glass, plastics and the like) occupying more than 80% of the world market share are required to be subjected to harmless treatment and even recycling, the problem of shortage of raw materials of photovoltaic devices can be relieved, and the resource waste and the ecological environment pollution are reduced.

Internationally, the european and japanese energy industries have conducted intensive research on photovoltaic module recycling and innocent treatment techniques and management systems, and have incorporated them into regulatory policies. In 2012, the european union conference formally changes the regulation of 'waste electrical and electronic equipment', lists the photovoltaic module as waste electronic equipment, and has to be collected and recycled.

One of the current research hotspots is the acid hydrolysis or organic solvent dissolution method. The BP solar company of Belgian proposes an acidolysis technology, namely, a component consisting of a battery piece without a back plate is soaked in nitric acid at the temperature of 60 ℃; the EVA cross-linked plastic between the cell and the glass is dissolved by the hot acid reaction, and the components such as the silver grid lines, the aluminum paste and the like on the cell are simultaneously leached, so that the complete silicon chip and the glass are obtained. Organic chemistry methods are adopted by Doi of Tokyo university in Japan and screening shows that the EVA can be effectively dissolved at 80 ℃ by using trichloroethylene as a solvent. This method requires more than 7 days for the components to be pressurized. Kim et al in Korea improved the dissolution rate by an organic solvent-assisted ultrasonic method, and studied the influence of conditions such as different solvent concentrations, temperatures, ultrasonic power, and ultrasonic irradiation time on the dissolution reaction. It is found that EVA can be completely dissolved in 3mol/L toluene for 1h under the ultrasonic power of 450W and the temperature of 70 ℃. The complete silicon chip and glass can be obtained by an inorganic acid or organic solvent dissolving method, but the problems of large acid consumption, generation of a large amount of toxic gas, organic waste liquid and other secondary waste treatment also occur.

Pyrolysis methods are also used in the research of crystalline silicon module recovery. The Swiss energy company utilizes a high-temperature fluidized bed method, EVA and a back plate can be removed in nitrogen atmosphere at 450 ℃ for 45min, and then glass and battery pieces are recycled. The principle of the method is that fine sand is fluidized at high temperatureHigh temperature N in bed₂The gas flows, the fine sand is in a rolling and scalding flowing state and has liquid property, the EVA and the back plate in the fluidized bed are gasified through the mechanical force, and the waste gas can be treated and reused as a heat source of the reactor by a secondary combustion method. The fixed container heat treatment technology of Deutsche Solar AG company in Germany is to completely heat treat plastic components (EVA, a back plate and the like) in a muffle furnace or an incinerator at 600 ℃, and then separate a battery piece, glass, an alloy frame and the like. The pyrolysis method has the advantages of high efficiency, high energy consumption, obvious pollution of pyrolysis waste gas and waste liquid of a subsequent etching recovery complete silicon wafer and the like, and can separate components of the battery.

Research shows that oil phase products obtained by pyrolysis at the temperature of more than 500 ℃ are mainly alkenes and long-chain and straight-chain isomers of alkanes with the carbon atom number of 1-30; the gas phase products are short chain olefins, alkanes, etc. Most of the oil and gas phase products are polluting. In addition, Katsuya et al, Japanese scholars, have found that EVA is subject to thermal expansion during pyrolysis, resulting in thin battery pieces which are subject to crushing; PVCycle also indicates that heat treatment techniques have failed to yield complete wafers when the cell thickness is less than 200 microns. The combined use of organic dissolution and heat treatment has also been reported (Kim, university of south Korea, etc.), but the process is too complicated.

Granata et al have studied mechanical treatment of waste photovoltaic panels. After the photovoltaic panel is subjected to secondary crushing by adopting a double-blade rotor crusher-hammer crusher, particles with the particle size of more than 1mm are subjected to heat treatment at 650 ℃ and then are screened, so that the direct recovery of glass component particles is facilitated, but complete glass cannot be obtained.

Domestic patent application (CN 107803389A) discloses a photovoltaic module's recovery unit to specifically disclose: the cutting assembly comprises a cutter holder and a hot knife, the height of the cutter holder is adjustable, the hot knife is fixed on the cutter holder, the hot knife is located above the bearing assembly, and the hot knife is used for cutting an EVA material layer in the photovoltaic assembly through relative movement between the cutter holder and the bearing assembly so as to separate and recover a glass plate, a battery piece and a back plate of the photovoltaic assembly. According to the technology, each layer of the assembly is cut by a hot knife, but the hot knife is directly inserted into the assembly from the end face of one end of the assembly during cutting, and the gap between an adhesive film (namely an EVA material layer) and glass is small, so that the adhesive film is very difficult to accurately cut between the glass and the adhesive film, the glass is broken or the adhesive film on the glass is not completely removed, and the integrity of the glass and the residual adhesive rate of the surface of the glass cannot be guaranteed by the technology.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for separating solar cell module glass, which aims to solve the problems that complete glass is difficult to obtain and the surface residual glue rate of the glass is high in the prior art.

The invention is realized by the following steps: a method for separating solar cell module glass comprises the following steps:

a. preheating the blade of the scraper, and controlling the temperature of the blade of the scraper to be between 180 ℃ and 350 ℃; 2-5 pressure sensors are uniformly distributed on the blade;

b. the solar cell module is arranged on the transmission mechanism and comprises upper-layer glass and a lower-layer module connected with the upper-layer glass through a glue film;

c. the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to move forward for a preset distance and then stops, and at the moment, the scraper is positioned below the solar cell module;

d. under the control of the control mechanism, the pitching angle adjusting mechanism adjusts the pitching angle of the blade of the scraper within 0-10 degrees, so that the blade rotates upwards, and the blade sequentially cuts through the lower-layer assembly and the adhesive film until the blade is contacted with the lower surface of the glass in the process of rotating upwards; the pressure sensor transmits a pressure signal sensed by the cutting edge to the control mechanism in real time, and when the cutting edge is contacted with the lower surface of the glass, the control mechanism enables the cutting edge to stop rotating through the pitching angle adjusting mechanism;

e. the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to move forwards continuously, and along with the movement of the solar cell module, the scraper blade scrapes off the adhesive film adhered to the glass and the lower layer module adhered to the adhesive film together;

f. after the glue film and the lower layer assembly at the rear end of the solar cell assembly are scraped, the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell assembly to move reversely, and the scraper blade rotates 180 degrees or uses the other end blade of the double-blade reverse structure scraper to ensure that the scraper blade is in contact with the lower surface of the glass.

Preferably, before the adhesive film is scraped by the blade edge of the scraper, the solar cell module is subjected to laser radiation scanning heating by a laser scanning mechanism arranged above the solar cell module, and the laser scanning mechanism can emit laser with the wavelength range of 0.6-12 μm and the power of 5-200W.

Preferably, the laser scanning mechanism emits laser light having a wavelength of 1.064 μm and a power of 50W to irradiate the solar cell module.

Preferably, in the step a, the blade edge of the scraper is preheated by heat transfer oil, resistance wire or radio frequency heating.

Preferably, in the steps e and f, the lower layer assembly which is scraped by the blade of the scraper and is adhered with the adhesive film is clamped by the clamping mechanism along with the movement of the solar cell assembly, and is driven by the clamping mechanism to move in the direction opposite to the movement of the solar cell assembly.

Preferably, in the steps e and f, when the blade edge of the scraper works, hot air is conveyed to the interface between the glass peeled off by the blade edge of the scraper and the adhesive film through an air blowing mechanism arranged on one side of the blade edge, and the temperature of the hot air is adjustable within 200-500 ℃.

Preferably, the solar cell module is a crystalline silicon solar cell module.

Preferably, in step f, the separated whole glass is sucked by a vacuum chuck and is conveyed to a set shelf.

Preferably, in the process that the transmission mechanism drives the solar cell module to move, the boosting mechanism is used for boosting the moving solar cell module.

Preferably, in the step a, the thickness of the blade edge of the scraper is less than 1mm, the chamfer angle of the blade edge of the scraper is 30-70 degrees, and the length of the blade edge of the scraper is 10-30cm longer than the length of the end face of the solar cell module.

The invention ensures that the cutting edge of the heated scraper is obliquely cut into the space between the glass and the lower-layer component from the lower part of the solar cell component, the cutter feeding mode is simple and convenient, the problems of small gap and difficult alignment between the adhesive film and the glass can be well solved, the problems of glass breakage or incomplete removal of the adhesive film on the glass caused by the small gap and difficult alignment between the adhesive film and the glass can be further avoided, and the integrity of the glass and the residual adhesive rate on the surface of the glass are ensured. And the doctor blade edge may be provided in a variety of different configurations.

Before scraping, the solar cell module is scanned through the laser scanning mechanism, laser radiation energy penetrates through the glass and the adhesive film and is absorbed by the silicon wafer in the lower-layer module, so that internal heating can be achieved, the adhesive force of the adhesive film on the lower surface of the glass is reduced, experimental results show that the adhesive force of the adhesive film and the glass can be remarkably reduced by heating the silicon wafer in a non-contact mode through the laser scanning mechanism, the integrity and the efficiency of follow-up glass disassembly are guaranteed, and the residual adhesive film amount on the surface of the glass is reduced.

In addition, the lower layer assembly adhered with the adhesive film is clamped by the clamping mechanism to move in the direction opposite to the moving direction of the solar cell assembly, namely, a pulling external force is applied to the lower layer assembly adhered with the adhesive film, so that the separation of the glass and the adhesive film is accelerated. The air blowing mechanism can also accelerate the separation of the glass and the adhesive film by conveying hot air.

The invention can realize the high-efficiency separation of the complete glass in the solar cell module, in particular to the crystalline silicon module, and the residual glue rate on the surface of the glass is very low.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention with the blade edge cutting horizontally between the glass and the underlying component.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the device of the present invention with the blade edge cutting obliquely upward between the glass and the underlying component.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the device of the present invention after the blade of the scraper cuts into the space between the glass and the lower layer assembly in an obliquely upward cutting manner and scrapes part of the adhesive film in the solar cell assembly.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a solar cell module according to the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic view of the blade edge of the present invention in a single edge configuration.

Figure 6 is a schematic view of the blade edge of the present invention in a double-edged reverse configuration.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the blade edge of the present invention in a double-edged co-directional configuration.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method for separating glass of a solar cell module according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. glass; 2. a lower layer assembly; 3. a drive roller; 4. a transmission platform; 5. a laser scanning mechanism; 6. a scraper; 7. a clamping mechanism; 8. and (4) a boosting block.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the device for separating glass of a solar cell module provided by the invention comprises a transmission mechanism, a scraping mechanism, a laser scanning mechanism 5, a control mechanism, a clamping mechanism 7, a boosting mechanism, a blowing mechanism and a material receiving mechanism.

The transmission mechanism is connected with the control mechanism and is used for driving the solar cell module to move under the control of the control mechanism. As shown in fig. 4, the solar cell module includes an upper glass 1 and a lower module 2 connected to the glass 1 through a glue film, the solar cell module is preferably a crystalline silicon solar cell module, in this embodiment, the lower module 2 includes a silicon wafer, a glue film and a back plate from top to bottom; a common size for solar modules is 1 meter by 2 meters.

The transmission mechanism specifically comprises a transmission platform 4 and a transmission rotating shaft arranged on the transmission platform 4. The length of the transmission platform 4 is 2-4 meters, and the width is 1-2 meters. Preferably, the transmission platform 4 has a length of 2.5 meters and a width of 1.5 meters. The transmission rotating shaft is of an upper and lower double-layer structure, each layer comprises 4-10 transmission rolling shafts 3 with the same width as the transmission platform 4, the transmission rolling shafts 3 are made of heat-resistant materials, and a gap of 2cm-10cm is formed between the upper and lower layers of transmission rolling shafts 3 and is adjustable. Preferably, a gap of 4.2cm is formed between the upper and lower transmission rollers 3. When the solar cell module pressing mechanism works, the solar cell module is flatly placed on the lower transmission roller, the position of the upper transmission roller is adjusted, the upper transmission roller compresses the solar cell module, and the middle solar cell module can move forwards or backwards along with the relative rotation of the two transmission rollers 3.

The boosting mechanism is used for assisting the transmission mechanism to assist the movement of the solar cell module. The boosting mechanism comprises a power unit and a boosting block 8, the power unit comprises a push rod driven by a motor, the boosting block 8 is connected with the push rod, the boosting block 8 is a metal block which is as wide as the battery and as thick as the battery, and the metal block is wrapped by a heat-resistant material. When the solar cell module moves forwards, the boosting block 8 is placed behind the solar cell module, the front end face of the boosting block 8 is in contact with the rear end face of the solar cell module, the pushing rod transmits the pushing force to the boosting block 8 under the action of the motor, and then the boosting block 8 transmits the pushing force to the solar cell module. When the solar cell module needs to move backwards, the boosting block is placed in front of the solar cell module, and the end face of the boosting block is in contact with the front end face of the solar cell module.

The scraping mechanism is connected with the control mechanism and is used for acting under the control of the control mechanism and scraping the adhesive film adhered below the glass 1 in the solar cell module in running through the cutting edge of the scraper 6 so as to strip the glass 1 from the solar cell module. Before the scraping mechanism works, the laser scanning mechanism 5 emits laser radiation to scan the solar cell module so as to reduce the adhesive force of the adhesive film. The laser scanning mechanism 5 is arranged above the solar cell module in the invention.

The laser scanning mechanism 5 employs a single wavelength laser or a wavelength tunable laser. The emitted laser wavelength range is 0.6-12 microns, and the power is 5-200W. The laser scanning mechanism 5 comprises a laser head and a horizontal swinging unit which drives the laser head to swing. The horizontal swing unit drives the laser head to radiate the component in the direction perpendicular to the movement direction of the solar cell component, and the component is scanned along with the movement of the component. And the spot size of the laser emitted by the laser head is adjustable.

The scanning speed of the laser scanning mechanism 5 is 0.1-2 square meters per minute. Preferably, the emission laser wavelength is 1.064 microns, the power is 50W, and the scan speed is preferably 1 square meter per minute.

In many cases, the glass is patterned, and when the patterned glass is bonded to the lower layer assembly through the adhesive film, the adhesive force between the adhesive film and the pattern on the glass is high, and the bonding is very tight. At this time, if the adhesive film is scraped by the scraper blade of the scraping mechanism, the adhesive film corresponding to the pattern is difficult to be scraped. The present invention can solve this problem by providing the laser scanning mechanism 5. The laser scanning mechanism 5 emits laser to scan and heat the silicon wafer in the lower-layer assembly, the local high temperature (the energy density is very high) is achieved, the heat of the silicon wafer is conducted to the adhesive film, and the adhesive force between the adhesive film and the glass is reduced (the adhesive film has a certain gasification phenomenon in a tiny local area at an interface). The scraping mechanism heats the blade of the scraper through the heating mechanism, and the adhesive film is softened by phase change depending on the temperature of the blade, so that the adhesive film is cut from the glass interface. Therefore, the solar cell module is heated by the laser scanning mechanism 5, so that the adhesive force between the glass and the adhesive film can be reduced well, and particularly, the laser scanning mechanism 5 has more prominent effect on the glass with the concave-convex patterns.

After the laser scanning mechanism 5 is used for carrying out radiation scanning heating on the solar cell module, the scraping mechanism scrapes the adhesive film by using the blade at the end part of the scraper 6. The thickness of the blade is generally less than 1mm, the chamfer angle of the blade is 30-70 degrees, and the length of the blade is 10-30cm longer than the width of the end face of the solar cell module. The blade is heated by a heating mechanism, the heating mode can be heating by heat conduction oil, resistance wires or radio frequency, and the temperature of the blade of the scraper is generally controlled to be 180-350 ℃ according to the aging condition of the battery component. When the heat conducting oil is used for heating, a hollow cavity can be formed in the scraper 6, and the heat conducting oil is injected into the hollow cavity. When the heating is carried out through the resistance wire, the resistance wire for heating can be embedded in the scraper 6. When the radio frequency heating is carried out, the material of the scraper 6 is selected to be a metal material capable of being heated by the radio frequency. The temperature sensor is arranged on the blade of the scraper, the temperature of the blade of the scraper can be detected in real time through the temperature sensor, and then the temperature of the blade is adjusted by the heating mechanism.

Specifically, the edge of the doctor blade 6 may be cut into the space between the glass 1 and the lower module 2 from the end surface of the front end of the solar cell module in a horizontal manner as shown in fig. 1, or may be cut into the space between the glass 1 and the lower module 2 in an obliquely upward manner from below the solar cell module as shown in fig. 2. For the former, it is guaranteed that the cutting edge of the scraper 6 is aligned with the glue film between the glass 1 and the lower-layer component 2, then the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell component to move forwards, and along with the movement of the solar cell component, the cutting edge of the scraper 6 scrapes the glue film adhered to the lower part of the glass 1. In the latter case, a pitch angle adjusting mechanism is required to adjust the pitch angle of the blade edge. The pitch angle adjustment mechanism is also controlled by the control mechanism. The process of cutting the doctor blade edge obliquely upwards between the glass 1 and the lower component 2 in fig. 2 is specified: after the solar cell module moves forward for a certain distance (for example, 5-50 cm), the blade edge of the scraper is positioned below the solar cell module and is close to but not in contact with the solar cell module; under the control of the control mechanism, the pitching angle adjusting mechanism controls the blade of the scraper to rotate upwards (namely, the blade of the scraper rotates clockwise in the figure 2), the blade of the scraper contacts the bottom of the lower layer component 2 of the solar cell component firstly in the rotating process, the blade of the scraper cuts into the lower layer component 2 obliquely upwards along with the upward rotation of the blade of the scraper, then cuts into the adhesive film and contacts with the lower surface of the glass 1, and when the blade of the scraper contacts with the lower surface of the glass 1, the pitching angle adjusting mechanism controls the blade of the scraper to stop rotating; then the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to move forwards, and the scraper blade scrapes the adhesive film adhered to the lower part of the glass along with the movement of the solar cell module. As shown in fig. 3, since the doctor blade is cut obliquely upward from the lower side of the solar cell module, the front end of the solar cell module is not cut and is shaved, and therefore, the solar cell module is moved backward, and the remaining front end of the solar cell module is shaved by the doctor blade. It should be noted that the laser scanning mechanism 5 can perform radiation scanning from the front end of the solar cell module during the forward movement of the solar cell module until the rear end of the solar cell module also completes radiation scanning, so that the front end of the solar cell module can be ensured to be completely scanned by radiation before the scraper blade scrapes the remaining part of the front end of the solar cell module.

The pitching angle adjusting mechanism comprises a motor connected with the control mechanism and an angle control unit connected with the motor; the angle control unit is simultaneously connected with the scraper 6 and is used for controlling the blade of the scraper to adjust the pitching angle within the range of 0-10 degrees under the control of the motor.

2-5 pressure sensors are uniformly distributed on the blade edge of the scraper and used for detecting pressure signals contacted by the blade edge of the scraper and transmitting the detected pressure signals to the control mechanism. When the blade of the scraper contacts different layers (silicon wafers, adhesive films, glass and the like) in the solar cell module, the pressure sensor can detect different pressure signals, and the control mechanism can control the pitching angle adjusting mechanism to act according to the received pressure signals so as to adjust the pitching angle of the blade of the scraper. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: when the blade of the scraper contacts the bottom of the lower layer assembly, the pressure sensor detects a first pressure signal and transmits the first pressure signal to the control mechanism, and the control mechanism controls the pitching angle adjusting mechanism to act so that the blade of the scraper rotates upwards (when the lower layer assembly comprises a structure made of multiple layers of different materials, the pressure sensor can detect different pressure signals); in the process of upward rotation, the cutting edge of the scraper cuts into the lower layer assembly and contacts the adhesive film; when the blade of the scraper contacts the adhesive film, the pressure sensor detects a second pressure signal and transmits the second pressure signal to the control mechanism, and the control mechanism controls the pitching angle adjusting mechanism to act so that the blade of the scraper continues to rotate upwards; until the cutting edge of the scraper cuts into the adhesive film, when the cutting edge of the scraper contacts the lower surface of the glass, the pressure sensor detects a third pressure signal and transmits the third pressure signal to the control mechanism, and the control mechanism controls the pitching angle adjusting mechanism to stop acting, namely: stopping the rotation of the doctor blade edge. Then the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to move forwards, and the scraper blade scrapes the adhesive film adhered to the lower part of the glass along with the movement of the solar cell module.

The doctor blade edge may be a single edge configuration as shown in fig. 5, a double edge reversed configuration as shown in fig. 6, or a double edge straight configuration as shown in fig. 7. If the single-edge structure shown in fig. 5 is adopted, when the solar cell module moves forward until the cutting edge scrapes the adhesive film on the edge of the rear end of the solar cell module completely, the scraper 6 is rotated 180 degrees, the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to move backward, and the scraper cutting edge scrapes the un-scraped part of the front end of the solar cell module completely, so that the complete glass is obtained. If the double-edge reverse structure shown in fig. 6 is adopted, when the solar cell module moves forward until the cutting edge scrapes the adhesive film on the edge of the rear end of the solar cell module, the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to move backward, and the control mechanism controls the pitching angle adjusting mechanism to act, so that the cutting edge of the scraper on the other side rotates upward (namely, the cutting edge of the scraper on the right side rotates counterclockwise in fig. 6) until the cutting edge of the scraper contacts the lower surface of the glass; and then, along with the backward movement of the solar cell module, the scraper blade scrapes the adhesive film at the front end of the solar cell module completely.

For the double-blade equidirectional structure shown in fig. 7, the upper blade is a blade capable of heating, 2-5 pressure sensors and temperature sensors are uniformly distributed on the upper blade, the lower blade is made of high-hardness alloy, and the gap between the upper blade and the lower blade is 2-5 mm. The temperature of the upper blade can be adjusted within 180-350 ℃. After the solar cell module moves forward for a certain distance, the blade of the scraper is obliquely cut into the solar cell module from the lower part, the blade rotates clockwise and is adjustable within 0-10 degrees through the pitching angle adjusting mechanism, and the blade stops rotating after the upper blade cuts through the lower layer module and is positioned on the lower surface of the glass under the action of the pressure sensor. The transmission mechanism drives the solar cell module to move forwards, the upper blade scrapes a glue film adhered to the glass, and the lower blade scrapes the lower layer module; after the solar cell module reaches the rear end edge of the solar cell module, the scraper is rotated by 180 degrees, the transmission mechanism drives the solar cell module to move backwards, the upper cutting edge scrapes the residual adhesive film adhered to the glass, and the lower cutting edge scrapes the residual lower layer module.

The lower layer assembly adhered with the adhesive film after being scraped is clamped by the clamping mechanism 7 along with the scraping mechanism scraping the adhesive film adhered to the glass, and moves along the reverse direction of the movement of the solar cell assembly. The method comprises the following steps: the clamping mechanism 7 comprises a clamping head and a clamping transmission unit for driving the clamping head to move; the clamping transmission unit comprises a motor and a connecting rod capable of moving horizontally, and the connecting rod of the clamping transmission unit can drive the clamping head to move. The centre gripping head carries out the centre gripping to the lower floor's subassembly that has the glued membrane after scraping the mechanism scraping, and centre gripping drive unit drives the centre gripping head to the direction removal opposite with solar module direction of motion to the lower floor's subassembly that drives to adhere to the glued membrane is to the reverse movement of solar module motion, promptly: a reverse pulling force is applied to the scraped adhesive film-adhered lower layer assembly. Under fixture 7's effect, can accelerate to have the lower floor's subassembly that the glued membrane was glued and the separation of upper glass for glass's separation efficiency.

The air blowing mechanism is positioned on one side of the scraper and is used for conveying hot air of 200-500 ℃ to the interface of the glass peeled off by the blade of the scraper and the adhesive film so as to reduce the adhesive force of the adhesive film and accelerate the separation of the glass.

And after the complete glass is separated, recovering the glass by a material receiving mechanism. The material receiving mechanism comprises a vacuum unit, a sucker and a glass transmission unit; the sucking disc can adsorb the glass after peeling off under vacuum unit's effect, and glass drive unit is used for transporting the glass adsorbed by the sucking disc to setting for on the supporter, later loosens the sucking disc, realizes glass's recovery. The number of the suckers is 4-9.

As shown in fig. 8, the method for separating the glass of the solar cell module provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

and S1, preheating the blade edge.

Preheat the scraper cutting edge through conduction oil, resistance wire or radio frequency heating's mode, through setting up temperature sensor on the scraper cutting edge, control scraper cutting edge temperature is between 180 and 350 ℃. Meanwhile, 2-5 pressure sensors are uniformly distributed on the blade of the scraper.

The thickness of the blade of the scraper is less than 1mm, the chamfer angle of the blade of the scraper is 30-70 degrees, and the length of the blade of the scraper is 10-30cm longer than that of the end face of the solar cell module.

And S2, placing the solar cell module on the transmission mechanism.

The solar cell module comprises upper glass and a lower module connected with the upper glass through an adhesive film.

Step S2 may be interchanged with step S1.

And S3, the transmission mechanism drives the solar cell module to move forward for a preset distance and then stops.

Generally, after the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to move forwards for 5-50cm, the solar cell module stops moving, at this time, the scraper is located below the solar cell module, and the edge of the scraper is close to the bottom of the solar cell module but not in contact with the bottom of the solar cell module.

In the process that the transmission mechanism drives the solar cell module to move, the boosting mechanism can be used for boosting the moving solar cell module. The description of the boosting mechanism can be seen above.

In the process that the transmission mechanism drives the solar cell module to move forwards, the laser scanning mechanism starts to carry out radiation scanning on the advancing solar cell module from the front end part of the solar cell module. The laser scanning mechanism emits laser radiation to scan the solar cell module, and laser radiation energy penetrates through the glass and the adhesive film and is absorbed by the silicon wafer in the lower-layer module, so that internal heating can be realized, the adhesive force of the adhesive film on the lower surface of the glass is reduced, and scraping of the cutting edge is facilitated. The laser scanning mechanism can emit laser with the wavelength range of 0.6-12 μm and the power of 5-200W. Preferably, the laser scanning mechanism emits laser light with a wavelength of 1.064 μm and a power of 50W to irradiate the solar cell module in a non-contact manner.

And S4, adjusting the pitch angle of the scraper blade by the pitch angle adjusting mechanism so that the scraper blade cuts into the solar cell module in an obliquely upward mode and is in contact with the lower surface of the glass.

Under the control of the control mechanism, the pitching angle adjusting mechanism adjusts the pitching angle of the blade of the scraper within 0-10 degrees, so that the blade rotates upwards, and the blade sequentially cuts through the lower-layer assembly and the adhesive film until the blade is contacted with the lower surface of the glass in the process of rotating upwards; the pressure sensor transmits a pressure signal sensed by the cutting edge to the control mechanism in real time, and when the cutting edge is contacted with the lower surface of the glass, the control mechanism enables the cutting edge to stop rotating through the pitching angle adjusting mechanism, so that the cutting edge of the scraper is positioned to the lower surface of the glass.

S5, the transmission mechanism drives the solar cell module to move forward continuously, and the scraper blade scrapes off the adhesive film adhered to the glass and the lower layer module adhered to the adhesive film together.

The control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to move forward continuously, and the laser scanning mechanism continues to perform radiation scanning on the advancing solar cell module until the whole module is scanned; with the movement of the solar cell module, the scraper blade scrapes off the adhesive film adhered to the glass and the lower module adhered to the adhesive film.

Along with the movement of the solar cell module, the lower layer module which is scraped by the blade of the scraper and is adhered with the adhesive film is clamped by the clamping mechanism and moves in the direction opposite to the movement of the solar cell module under the driving of the clamping mechanism so as to provide an additional tearing force for the lower layer module which is adhered with the adhesive film.

In addition, when the blade of the scraper scrapes, hot air is conveyed to the interface of the glass peeled off by the blade of the scraper and the adhesive film through the air blowing mechanism arranged on one side of the blade, and the temperature of the hot air is adjustable at 200-500 ℃. Preferably, the temperature of the hot air is set to 250 ℃.

And S6, after the solar cell module moves to the state that the rear adhesive film is scraped off, the transmission mechanism drives the solar cell module to move reversely, and the blade of the scraper rotates 180 degrees or the blade of the other end of the scraper with a double-edge reverse structure is used for scraping the residual un-scraped part at the front end of the solar cell module.

After the glue film and the lower layer assembly at the rear end of the solar cell assembly are scraped, the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell assembly to move reversely, and the scraper blade rotates 180 degrees or uses the other end blade of the double-blade reverse structure scraper to ensure that the scraper blade is in contact with the lower surface of the glass.

In the step, when the front-end adhesive film of the component is scraped, the blowing mechanism can be used for conveying hot air, the clamping mechanism is used for clamping the scraped lower-layer component and the adhered adhesive film, and the like, and related similar points can be referred to each other.

The separated complete glass is absorbed by the vacuum chuck and is conveyed to a set storage rack.