阅读说明：本技术 二元羧酸的新用途和应用 (New use and application of dicarboxylic acid ) 是由 莉迪亚·卡斯塔涅托·吉西 于 2018-12-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及用于生产具有低胆固醇含量和/或高二元羧酸含量的食品和/或饮料和/或膳食补充剂的新方法。本发明还涉及可以利用这些方法获得的食物和/或饮料和/或膳食补充剂以及它们的应用,例如用于预防和治疗其中糖类和/或脂类未被正确代谢的疾病或者用于与胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病、高脂血症、肥胖症和阿尔茨海默病相关的任何病理状态。具体地,本发明涉及生产低胆固醇蛋的方法以及生产用于食品用途的植物(陆生和水生植物二者)和/或藻类、和/或富含二元羧酸的膳食补充剂和/或饮料的方法。(The present invention relates to a novel process for the production of food and/or beverages and/or dietary supplements having a low cholesterol content and/or a high dicarboxylic acid content. The invention also relates to the food and/or beverages and/or dietary supplements obtainable with these methods and their uses, for example for the prevention and treatment of diseases in which the carbohydrates and/or lipids are not correctly metabolized or for any pathological state associated with insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity and alzheimer's disease. In particular, the invention relates to a method of producing low cholesterol eggs and to a method of producing plants (both terrestrial and aquatic plants) and/or algae, and/or dicarboxylic acid rich dietary supplements and/or beverages for food use.)

1. A method for producing eggs or milk with a reduced cholesterol content, comprising a step wherein an egg-laying or milk-producing animal is fed a diet rich in dicarboxylic acids.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the dicarboxylic acid has 6 to 18 carbon atoms.

3. The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is selected from adipic acid (C6), suberic acid (C8), azelaic acid (C9), sebacic acid (C10) and dodecanedioic acid (C12), tetradecanedioic acid (C14), hexadecanedioic acid (C16) and octadecanedioic acid (C18), their salts or mixtures thereof.

4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the meal is enriched in dicarboxylic acids by the addition of at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, to the feed of the animal.

5. Use of a dicarboxylic acid, in particular C12 dicarboxylic acid, in the diet of an egg-and/or milk-producing animal to obtain eggs and/or milk and/or meat products having a reduced cholesterol content.

6. A method for producing animal derived material for food use having a high dicarboxylic acid content and/or a low cholesterol content, the method comprising a step wherein the animal is fed a diet rich in dicarboxylic acids.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of cattle, sheep, pigs, fish, crustaceans, birds.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the dicarboxylic acid has 6 to 18 carbon atoms.

9. The process according to any one of claims 7 to 8, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is selected from adipic acid (C6), suberic acid (C8), azelaic acid (C9), sebacic acid (C10) and dodecanedioic acid (C12), tetradecanedioic acid (C14), hexadecanedioic acid (C16) and octadecanedioic acid (C18), their salts or mixtures thereof.

10. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is administered to the farm animal orally or by injection in an amount of 0.5 to 50 g/day.

11. A product for food use obtainable by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, in particular in the form of an energy drink, a snack, a candy, a chocolate bar, milk, a dairy product, ricotta, cheese, masulara, a yoghurt, meat, an egg and an egg product.

12. The product according to claim 11, for use in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases in which the sugars and/or lipids are not correctly metabolized, in particular for rare diseases, including glycolytic disorders such as tryptophan phosphate isomerase deficiency, or lipid metabolism such as acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, or insulin resistance such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), obesity, alzheimer's disease M.

13. Use of the product according to claim 11 for improving body function in a healthy subject.

14. A method for producing plant material for food use having a high dicarboxylic acid content, the method comprising a step wherein plants and/or algae from which the plant material is obtained are grown in the presence of dicarboxylic acids.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the plant is a cereal plant, in particular barley or oats.

16. The method of claim 14 or 15, wherein the dicarboxylic acid has 6 to 18 carbon atoms.

17. The method of any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is selected from adipic acid (C6), suberic acid (C8), azelaic acid (C9), sebacic acid (C10), and dodecanedioic acid (C12), tetradecanedioic acid (C14), hexadecanedioic acid (C16), and octadecanedioic acid (C18), salts thereof, or mixtures thereof.

18. The method of any one of claims 19 to 23, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is provided in a hydroponic culture, in soil or according to other standard or non-standard treatments for growing plants and/or algae.

19. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is provided in the irrigation water at a concentration of 1 to 100 g/L.

20. Plant material obtainable by the process according to any one of claims 14 to 19.

21. A product for food use comprising a vegetable material according to claim 20, for example in the form of an energy drink, a snack, a candy, a chocolate bar, a fruit, a flour, a bread, a pasta, a cereal.

22. The product according to claim 21, for use in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases in which the sugars and/or lipids are not correctly metabolized, in particular rare diseases, including glycolytic disorders such as triphosphate isomerase deficiency, or alterations in lipid metabolism such as acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, or insulin resistance such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), obesity, alzheimer's disease M.

23. Use of the botanical material of claim 20 to improve bodily function in a healthy subject.

Background

Dicarboxylic Acids (DA) with long and medium carbon atom chains are natural substances derived from the omega-oxidation of fatty acids, both in plants and animals.

In vascular plants, DA is a component of the natural protective polymers cutin and suberin, supporting biopolyester that waterproofs leaves and fruits, thereby regulating the flow of nutrients and minimizing the harmful effects of pathogens.

Dihydroxy C16 fatty acid, 18-hydroxy-9, 10-epoxy C18 fatty acid, and trihydroxy C18 fatty acid are the major components of cutin, while suberin is composed mainly of omega-hydroxy fatty acid and C16-C18 dicarboxylic acid. The dicarboxylic acids undergo β -oxidation in specific plant peroxisomes (glyoxylate cycle bodies), in which the glyoxylate cycle occurs, with intermediate substrates resulting from the degradation of reserve or structural lipids.

Even-numbered dicarboxylic acids are suitable energy substrates, with chemical and metabolic properties intermediate between glucose and fatty acids. In fact, they undergo β -oxidation like fatty acids, but their salts are as soluble as glucose due to their medium short chain and the presence of two terminal carboxyl groups that form hydrogen bonds with water. Their beta-oxidation end products are acetyl-CoA and succinic acid, which enter the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or the Krebs cycle (Krebs cycle). Amino acids and some chain fatty acids can be metabolized to krebs intermediates and enter the circulation at multiple points.

In animals and humans, medium chain DA is even numbered, has a chain length of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and is efficiently metabolized, including adipic acid (C6), suberic acid (C8), sebacic acid (C10), and dodecanedioic acid (C12). These DA's originate from the beta-oxidation of longer-chain DA's formed by the omega-oxidation of free fatty acids of the same chain length within the microsomal membrane, or they originate from a plant-rich diet. However, direct omega-oxidation of the medium chain fatty acid lauric acid to dodecanedioic acid has also been demonstrated. Beta-oxidation of DA occurs in both mitochondria and peroxisomes. Four different mitochondrial pathways for DA transport have been demonstrated and include electrophoretic transport via inner membrane anion channels, passive diffusion, tributyltin mediated transport and transport via dicarboxylate carriers (which are useful for short-chain DA such as oxalates, malonates and succinates). This transport is carnitine independent, i.e. carnitine shuttle, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 and carnitine acetyltransferase are not required. However, previous studies have shown that sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid consume carnitine when entering the mitochondria.

In any event, once in the mitochondria, DA has the same fate as free fatty acids, i.e. is degraded to acetyl-CoA by β -oxidation. However, the characteristic of DA is that they produce succinyl-CoA at the end of the β -oxidation process.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel method for producing a food having a low cholesterol content and/or a high dicarboxylic acid content. The invention also relates to food products obtainable by these methods and to their use.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is based on experiments reported herein, and in more detail, the inventors have surprisingly found that, in the case of diets rich in dicarboxylic acids, and in particular rich in C12, laying hens produce eggs with significantly lower cholesterol content and with higher weight.

Another important finding on which the present invention is based is that dicarboxylic acids, and in particular C12, can be used for animal breeding and for both terrestrial and aquatic plant and algae cultivation purposes to obtain dicarboxylic acid rich products. In particular, the dicarboxylic acids will be used in hydroponic culture, but may also be dissolved in the form of salts or added directly to the soil for culture purposes.

The purpose of the invention is:

a method for producing eggs or milk with a lower cholesterol content, comprising a step wherein the egg or milk producing animal is fed a diet rich in dicarboxylic acids, in particular C12 dicarboxylic acid.

Use of dicarboxylic acids, and in particular of dodecanedioic acid C12, in the diet of egg-laying animals to obtain eggs having a lower cholesterol content and/or a higher weight.

The eggs obtained with the method described herein are an object of the present invention, in particular eggs with a low cholesterol content. In this specification, low cholesterol content means that the cholesterol content in egg yolk is less than 200mg, more preferably less than 100 mg.

A process for producing an animal derived material for food use having a high dicarboxylic acid content, the process comprising a step wherein a diet rich in dicarboxylic acids is fed to farm animals. In particular, the farm animal is a cow, sheep, pig, bird, e.g. a hen.

A method for producing a plant material for food use having a high dicarboxylic acid content, comprising the step of cultivating a gas plant or algae from which the plant material is obtained in the presence of a dicarboxylic acid.

In the present description, vegetable or animal material with a high dicarboxylic acid content refers to materials such as, for example, milk, eggs and flour, wherein the dicarboxylic acid concentration is higher than 1mg, but preferably higher than 100mg per gram of the above-mentioned material.

Products for food use obtained with the method reported in the present invention, and their use for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases in which sugars and/or lipids are not correctly metabolized-and in particular rare diseases, including for example glycolytic disorders, such as triosephosphate (triosephosphate) isomerase deficiency, or alterations in lipid metabolism, such as acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency-in addition to the presence of insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), obesity and alzheimer's disease. These products can also be used to improve physical performance, as for example in athletes or in any healthy individual who wants to perform physical exercises.

Preferred features of the invention are the objects of the dependent claims.

Other advantages, features and modes of use of the invention will become apparent in the following detailed description of some embodiments, which are reported as non-limiting examples.