阅读说明：本技术 一种梯度复合结构的转鼓试验机用路面材料及其制备方法 (Pavement material with gradient composite structure for drum test machine and preparation method thereof ) 是由 李培耀 马连湘 宋国君 谷正 王立 王泽鹏 潘佳莹 于 2020-04-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种梯度复合结构的转鼓试验机用路面材料及其制备方法,属于模拟路面材料技术领域,所述路面材料为六层结构,其构成自外向内依次为保护层-磨耗层-承重层-基层-底基层-垫层,所述路面材料各层结构均由以下重量份的原料组成：塑料10.0-90.0份,橡胶10.0-90.0份,油1.0-20.0份,普通填充材料1.0-70.0份,功能性填充材料1.0-30.0份,硫化剂0.5-3.0份,防老剂0.1-5.0份,偶联剂0.1-5.0份。本发明采用熔融共混法复合制得橡塑复合材料,将具有不同性能指标的复合材料使用分层逐步注射法制备出模拟实际路面中不同结构部分的梯度复合材料,可以更好的模拟实际路面结构和作用力,贴近了实际路面,提高了模拟路面的符合度,减少测试过程的作用力失真问题。(The invention discloses a pavement material for a drum tester with a gradient composite structure and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of simulated pavement materials, wherein the pavement material is of a six-layer structure and sequentially comprises a protective layer, an abrasion layer, a bearing layer, a base layer, a bottom base layer and a cushion layer from outside to inside, and each layer of the pavement material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10.0-90.0 parts of plastic, 10.0-90.0 parts of rubber, 1.0-20.0 parts of oil, 1.0-70.0 parts of common filling material, 1.0-30.0 parts of functional filling material, 0.5-3.0 parts of vulcanizing agent, 0.1-5.0 parts of anti-aging agent and 0.1-5.0 parts of coupling agent. The invention adopts a melt blending method to prepare the rubber-plastic composite material, and prepares the composite material with different performance indexes into the gradient composite material simulating different structural parts in the actual pavement by using a layered gradual injection method, so that the structure and the acting force of the actual pavement can be better simulated, the actual pavement is close to the actual pavement, the conformity of the simulated pavement is improved, and the problem of acting force distortion in the test process is reduced.)

1. The pavement material for the drum test machine with the gradient composite structure is characterized by being of a six-layer structure, and sequentially comprising a protective layer, an abrasion layer, a bearing layer, a base layer, a bottom base layer and a cushion layer from outside to inside, wherein each layer of the pavement material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10.0-90.0 parts of plastic, 10.0-90.0 parts of rubber, 1.0-20.0 parts of oil, 1.0-70.0 parts of common filling material, 1.0-30.0 parts of functional filling material, 0.5-3.0 parts of vulcanizing agent, 0.1-5.0 parts of anti-aging agent and 0.1-5.0 parts of coupling agent.

2. The pavement material for the drum tester with the gradient composite structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein each layer structure of the pavement material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50.0 parts of plastic, 50.0 parts of rubber, 10.0 parts of oil, 30.0 parts of common filling material, 15.0 parts of functional filling material, 1.5 parts of vulcanizing agent, 1.5 parts of anti-aging agent and 3.0 parts of coupling agent.

3. The pavement material for the drum tester with the gradient composite structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plastic comprises a mixture of any one or more of homo-polypropylene, co-polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyester and polyether; the rubber comprises any one or a mixture of more of ethylene propylene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene octene copolymer, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene butadiene rubber and silicon rubber.

4. The pavement material for the drum tester with the gradient composite structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oil is a non-volatile oil, and comprises any one or more of aromatic oil, operation oil, naphthenic oil, engine oil and white oil.

5. The pavement material for the drum test machine with the gradient composite structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the common filling material comprises any one or a mixture of more of carbon black, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, talcum powder, kaolin and barite; the functional filling material comprises heat-conducting inorganic insulation and heat-conducting non-insulation, wherein the heat-conducting inorganic insulation comprises any one or a mixture of more of zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide and quartz, and the heat-conducting non-insulation comprises any one or a mixture of more of electric-conducting carbon black, expanded graphite, graphene, carbon fiber and carbon nano tube.

6. The pavement material for the drum test machine with the gradient composite structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antioxidant comprises one or more of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 168, antioxidant 4010, antioxidant 4020, antioxidant RD and antioxidant MB.

7. The pavement material for a drum tester of a gradient composite structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coupling agent comprises one or a mixture of two of silane and titanate.

8. The method for preparing a pavement material for a drum tester with a gradient composite structure as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:

(1) adding a common filling material, a functional filling material, oil, a partial vulcanizing agent, a coupling agent, an anti-aging agent, plastic and rubber into an internal rubber mixing mill or a double-screw extruder according to a certain proportion for melting, mixing and kneading;

(2) after the mixture is melted, mixed and kneaded, the mixture is extruded, granulated and dried to obtain a material with one layer of structure of the pavement material with the gradient composite structure, and the proportion is adjusted according to the requirement to continuously prepare materials with other layers of structures;

(3) adding the prepared materials of each layer structure into an internal mixer at low temperature, adding the rest vulcanizing agent, mixing, collecting, respectively simulating six-layer structures of a protective layer, an abrasion layer, a bearing layer, a base layer, a bottom base layer and a cushion layer of an actual pavement, and performing injection molding in a layer-by-layer distribution manner to prepare a preliminarily shaped simulated pavement;

(4) transferring the preliminarily shaped simulated pavement through a belt mold, selecting different secondary vulcanization time according to different systems of vulcanizing agents, vulcanizing in the belt mold, cooling and opening the mold to obtain the simulated pavement insert with the gradient composite structure.

9. The method for preparing a pavement material for a drum tester with a gradient composite structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein the temperature for melt mixing and kneading in step (1) is 160-220 ℃.

10. The method for preparing a pavement material for a drum tester with a gradient composite structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein the mold temperature in the step (4) is 140 ℃ and 180 ℃, and the vulcanization with mold is carried out for 2.0-20.0 min.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of simulated pavement materials, in particular to a pavement material for a drum tester with a gradient composite structure and a preparation method thereof.

Background

After the production of an automobile tire is completed, performance testing is required, wherein the road material on the indoor test equipment has a critical influence on the test during the testing process. In performance tests, a rotary drum test bed is generally used to simulate a road surface in order to simulate various road surface conditions and driving conditions such as cornering and rolling. The rotary drum test bed is a common tire road test device. The simulated road surface on the surface of the rotary drum drives the wheels to rotate, and the wheels can be tested for lateral deviation and lateral inclination when simulated turning action is carried out. The test bed provides straight running, lateral deviation and lateral inclination acting force for the wheels by means of friction force and reaction force between the rotary drum and the wheels. The drum material and its surface therefore play a critical role in providing the test load.

In the prior art, a metal pattern is usually engraved on a rotating drum to simulate the structure of a road surface. For example, in the invention patent "a drum for simulating road surface" (CN201510075011.0), the periodic corrugations parallel to the cross section of the drum on the outer surface of the drum are composed of end-to-end tangent equal-diameter concave arc lines and convex arc lines, the drum is easy to process, reduces the cost, increases the friction force of the drum, and is suitable for simulating various road surfaces. In practical application, the simulated road surface only has the shape and is difficult to wrap the performance of the simulated road surface, including friction coefficient, cornering force and the like, so that the test distortion degree of the tire performance is greatly increased.

The composite material is a material with new performance formed by two or more than two materials with different properties through physical or chemical methods on a macroscopic scale. The materials mutually make up for the deficiencies in performance to generate a synergistic effect, so that the comprehensive performance of the composite material is superior to that of the original composition material to meet various different requirements. The rubber-plastic blended composite material is prepared by using different types and contents of plastics and rubber and different degrees of vulcanization or filler contents to obtain composite materials with different performance requirements.

The gradient composite material is called as a gradient functional composite material (FGM for short), is also called as an inclined functional material, and is a heterogeneous material which adopts an advanced material composite technology and is continuously changed in a gradient manner from one side to the other side by controlling elements (composition, structure and the like) of the constituent material. The inner part of the structure can reach the condition that the interface disappears, the property and the function of the structure present gradient change corresponding to the change of the composition and the structure, and the performance mismatching factors of the combination part can be reduced and overcome.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a pavement material for a drum test machine with a gradient composite structure and a preparation method thereof, which overcome the defect that the existing drum pavement simulation material only has the shape and lacks the actual pavement acting force, improve the proximity between the experimental process and the actual driving, provide the actual road conditions with lateral friction ratio such as side inclination, side deflection and the like, and further improve the test precision compared with the original drum pavement material.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the pavement material for the drum test machine with the gradient composite structure is of a six-layer structure and sequentially comprises a protective layer, an abrasion layer, a bearing layer, a base layer, a bottom base layer and a cushion layer from outside to inside, wherein each layer of the structure of the pavement material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10.0-90.0 parts of plastic, 10.0-90.0 parts of rubber, 1.0-20.0 parts of oil, 1.0-70.0 parts of common filling material, 1.0-30.0 parts of functional filling material, 0.5-3.0 parts of vulcanizing agent, 0.1-5.0 parts of anti-aging agent and 0.1-5.0 parts of coupling agent.

Preferably, each layer structure of the pavement material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50.0 parts of plastic, 50.0 parts of rubber, 10.0 parts of oil, 30.0 parts of common filling material, 15.0 parts of functional filling material, 1.5 parts of vulcanizing agent, 1.5 parts of anti-aging agent and 3.0 parts of coupling agent.

Preferably, the plastic comprises a mixture of any one or more of homo-polypropylene, co-polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyester and polyether; the rubber comprises any one or a mixture of more of ethylene propylene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene octene copolymer, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene butadiene rubber and silicon rubber.

Preferably, the oil is a non-volatile oil, including any one or more of aromatic oil, process oil, naphthenic oil, engine oil and white oil.

Preferably, the common filling material comprises any one or a mixture of more of carbon black, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, talcum powder, kaolin and barite; the functional filling material comprises heat-conducting inorganic insulation and heat-conducting non-insulation, wherein the heat-conducting inorganic insulation comprises any one or a mixture of more of zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide and quartz, and the heat-conducting non-insulation comprises any one or a mixture of more of electric-conducting carbon black, expanded graphite, graphene, carbon fiber and carbon nano tube.

Preferably, the antioxidant comprises one or more of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 168, antioxidant 4010, antioxidant 4020, antioxidant RD and antioxidant MB.

Preferably, the coupling agent comprises any one of silane and titanate or a mixture of the two.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the pavement material for the drum test machine with the gradient composite structure, which comprises the following steps:

(1) adding a common filling material, a functional filling material, oil, a partial vulcanizing agent, a coupling agent, an anti-aging agent, plastic and rubber into an internal rubber mixing mill or a double-screw extruder according to a certain proportion for melting, mixing and kneading;

(2) after the mixture is melted, mixed and kneaded, the mixture is extruded, granulated and dried to obtain a material with one layer of structure of the pavement material with the gradient composite structure, and the proportion is adjusted according to the requirement to continuously prepare materials with other layers of structures;

(3) adding the prepared materials of each layer structure into an internal mixer at low temperature, adding the rest vulcanizing agent, mixing, collecting, respectively simulating six-layer structures of a protective layer, an abrasion layer, a bearing layer, a base layer, a bottom base layer and a cushion layer of an actual pavement, and performing injection molding in a layer-by-layer distribution manner to prepare a preliminarily shaped simulated pavement;

(4) transferring the preliminarily shaped simulated pavement through a belt mold, selecting different secondary vulcanization time according to different systems of vulcanizing agents, vulcanizing in the belt mold, cooling and opening the mold to obtain the simulated pavement insert with the gradient composite structure.

Preferably, the temperature for melt mixing and kneading in the step (1) is 160-220 ℃.

Preferably, the mold temperature in the step (4) is 140-180 ℃, and the vulcanization with mold is carried out for 2.0-20.0 min.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

(1) the invention adopts a melt blending method to prepare the rubber-plastic composite material, and prepares the composite material with different performance indexes into the gradient composite material simulating different structural parts in the actual pavement by using a layered gradual injection method, so that the structure and the acting force of the actual pavement can be better simulated, the gradient composite material is close to the actual pavement, the conformity of the simulated pavement is improved, and the problem of acting force distortion in the test process is reduced;

(2) the rubber-plastic blended composite material has excellent mechanical properties, different hardness, excellent static electricity conducting, heat conducting and wear resisting properties, and the consistency of the main matrix material of the gradient composite material, so that the interface of the composite material is tightly combined, the interface problem is effectively solved, the requirements of different physical and mechanical properties and the special functionality can be solved, and finally, the interface problems of different gradients can be completely solved by adopting the in-situ extrusion molding and molding process with mold vulcanization, and a gradient composite material structure is perfectly formed;

(3) the method has the advantages of simple process, high conformity, strong detachability and low production rejection rate, and is beneficial to popularization and application.

Detailed Description

To facilitate understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples: